原发性胃肠间质肿瘤121例临床分析

目的:探讨胃肠间质肿瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)的临床特征、治疗以及相关的预后因素.方法:对1999年7月-2007年6月121例原发性GIST患者的临床和病理特征、治疗以及预后情况进行了回顾性分析.结果:原发性GIST患者的男女之比为1.57:1,年龄26～83岁,中位年龄61岁.常见肿瘤部位以胃和小肠多见.CD117阳性114例,CD34阳性94例.121例患者均接受了外科治疗,其中完全切除84例,31例行淋巴结清扫或活检术,获检274枚淋巴结中只有2枚被检出有转移.68例患者于术后接受了3～38个月伊马替尼的治疗.121例患者中有106例接受了7～85个月的随访,1、3、5年累计无进展生存率分别为88.8%、55.6%和35.9%,总生存率分别为97.8%、71.8%和57.0%.单因素生存分析显示,生存率与肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、核分裂相数目、危险度分级、手术方式以及是否接受伊马替尼治疗有关.分层分析结果显示,完全切除术后危险度分级和伊马替尼治疗是影响术后无复发生存时间的因素.多因素回归分析结果显示,肿瘤大小、核分裂相数、危险度分级、完全切除以及伊马替尼治疗是影响生存预后的独立危险因素.结论:肿瘤大小和核分裂相数是GIST的2个重要的预后因素.完全切除与GIST预后独立相关,但并不提倡常规进行系统淋巴结清扫;伊马替尼可提高GIST的3年生存率,完全切除术后给予伊马替尼治疗可延缓复发或转移.     

胃肠间质瘤大小与预后

 目的 探讨胃肠间质瘤（GIST）原发肿瘤大小与预后的关系。方法 对该院1990年1月至2006年3月132例能完全切除的GIST患者的临床资料和病理切片（含免疫组织化学检查）重新复核并进行随访，分析原发肿瘤大小与预后的关系。结果 患者中位生存时间为66.0个月，术后2年和5年生存率分别为89.4 ％和70.9 ％。原发灶肿瘤完全切除术患者的生存率与其性别、肿瘤部位和大小、肿瘤性质、核分裂及复发转移有关；但多因素的Cox回归分析显示，术后生存率仅与肿瘤大小、肿瘤性质和复发转移相关（P＜0.05）。以2 cm为界比较生存率有统计学意义（P＜0.05），以5 cm为界比较生存率无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 GIST仍以外科治疗为主，GIST原发灶大小是影响预后的独立高危因素，直径≥2 cm的患者应加强随诊。     

原发性胃肠道间质瘤的多因素Cox模型分析

 目的　分析胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的临床特征、治疗效果及其影响因素。方法　复习216例原发性GIST临床资料并加以随访进行Cox回归模型分析。结果　全组1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为94.4 ％（204／216）、90.2 ％（129／143）、88.3 ％（68／77）、87.5 %（35／40）和85.0 %（17／20）。年龄、发生部位、完整切除、肿瘤是否破裂、辅助治疗、是否复发、肿瘤病理核分裂象、最大径等因素对GIST患者预后生存率的影响有显著性意义（P＜0.05）;并且随着影响因素变量值增大,死亡的风险值增高。其中完整切除对患者的预后起着决定性的作用。性别、CD117、是否活检、内镜黏膜是否糜烂、手术切缘等对预后生存率影响无显著性意义（P＞0.05）。术后辅助治疗可明显提高患者生存率,尤其对于高危险度患者。结论　GIST仍以外科治疗为主,其手术方式的选择更多取决于肿瘤的部位和大小,完整切除或扩大切除能提高生存率。年龄、发生部位、完整切除、肿瘤是否破裂、辅助治疗、术后是否复发、肿瘤病理核分裂象、最大径等是影响预后的重要因素,有利于指导临床规范化治疗。     

48例直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床分析

目的探讨直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床特征及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析48例直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的病史、临床表现、诊断方法、手术方式及预后。结果早期直肠神经内分泌肿瘤无明显临床表现,中晚期直肠神经内分泌肿瘤多有排便习惯及性状的改变。直肠指检是最简便、最直接的检查方法,联合肠镜和活检可使诊断率达到92.7%。根据直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的大小及浸润深度可进行局部切除术,局部扩大切除以及根治术。6例行内镜下切除术,21例行局部切除术,12例行局部扩大切除术,9例行根治术。患者总体1年生存率为100%,3年生存率为92.1%,5年生存率为81.5%。结论直肠神经内分泌肿瘤发病率低,症状不典型,肛诊、肠镜及活检可提高其诊断率。治疗直肠神经内分泌肿瘤首先手术治疗,根据其大小、浸润深度以及淋巴结转移情况选择不同术式。     

老年胃肠道间质瘤的临床特点及其对患者术后生存状况的影响

目的探讨老年胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)患者的临床特征以及对预后生存的影响。方法收集58例老年胃肠道间质瘤患者临床资料和免疫组化检测资料。应用Kaplan-Meier法和COX回归模型分析影响患者5年生存率的预后影响因素。结果 58例患者2年生存率为75.6%,3年生存率为64.3%,5年生存率为59.3%。单因素生存率分析显示,肿瘤部位、肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤转移、肿瘤完全切除、肿瘤细胞类型、周围组织受侵、肌层受侵、核分裂数、细胞密集程度、Ki-67、p53和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗是影响老年胃肠道间质瘤患者生存率的影响因素(P均<0.05);多因素COX回归分析结果表明,肿瘤直径大、肿瘤发生转移、未完全切除、周围组织受侵、细胞密集程度高、核分裂数多、p53阳性和未接受酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗是影响老年胃肠道间质瘤患者生存率的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论早期采取腹腔镜完全切除手术,同时辅助酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗老年GIST,能有效减少复发和提高患者生存率。     

胃肠间质瘤术后复发转移的危险因素及预后分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨胃肠间质瘤（GIST）术后复发转移的危险因素及预后,为防治GIST的术后复发转移提供理论指导。［方法］ 回顾性分析经手术治疗的287例GIST患者临床资料。应用Log-rank单因素分析及COX回归模型多因素分析进行数据处理。［结果］ 287例患者术后发生复发转移94例,截止随访日存活201例,死亡86例。单因素分析显示原发部位、肿瘤大小、核分裂相、手术根治度、术后靶向药物治疗是GIST术后复发转移及影响生存率的危险因素。多因素分析显示肿瘤大小（P=0.018）、核分裂象（P=0.012）、危险度分级（P=0.010）、手术根治度（P=0.009）、术后靶向药物治疗（P=0.010）是影响术后复发转移的独立因素。肿瘤大小（P=0.023）、核分裂相（P=0.017）、危险度分级（P=0.005）、手术根治度（P=0.003）、术后靶向药物治疗（P=0.004）及术后复发转移（P=0.003）是术后生存的独立影响因素。［结论］ GIST的肿瘤大小、核分裂相、危险度分级、手术根治度、术后靶向药物治疗是影响术后复发转移及预后的独立因素。     

肠源性胃肠道间质瘤71例临床分析

目的 探讨分析肠道来源胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)患者的临床和病理特征及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的71例肠源性GIST患者的临床、病理及部分随访资料,对其预后进行单因素分析.结果 71例GIST患者中,病灶原发部位小肠51例,结直肠15例,肠系膜5例.临床表现以消化道出血为主(45.1％,32例),其次为腹部不适及腹部包块(22.5％,16例;16.9％,12例),复发风险极低危l例,低危16例,高危54例.单因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径、核分裂相和复发危险度是影响预后的因素(均P＜0.05).复发风险高危组中,术后服用靶向药物患者的预后好于未服用药物的患者(P＜0.05).结论 肿瘤完整切除联合靶向治疗是肠源性GIST的最佳治疗模式,肿瘤最大直径、核分裂相及复发危险度是影响患者预后的危险因素.     

57例胃间质瘤预后分析

目的：探讨胃间质瘤手术治疗后肿瘤复发及患者生存的影响因素。方法：对2006年1月至2012年6月新疆肿瘤医院收治的57例胃GIST患者临床病理和随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果：57例胃GIST患者中复发、转移10例（17．5％）,主要发生部位为肝脏及腹腔。1年和3年无复发生存率分别是93％和84％。单因素分析显示,术后复发转移与核分裂象（＞5/50 HPF）、肿瘤直径（＞10cm）、Fletcher分级高有关;核分裂象（＞5/50 HPF）、复发转移与患者生存有关。结论：手术治疗是局部可切除原发GIST的标准治疗。Fletcher分级标准是评估 GIST 复发转移比较公认的指标。对于高危或复发转移胃GIST患者,建议服用伊马替尼治疗。     

原发性十二指肠腺癌外科治疗分析(附23例报告及国内文献复习)

目的:分析原发性十二指肠腺癌外科治疗疗效.方法:回顾我院1984年1月～2000年12月收治的23例原发性十二指肠腺癌的外科治疗情况,并收集国内正式发表的15篇有关此病的外科治疗报道,共计264例,随访148例.用SPSS10.0对生存情况作统计分析.结果:共250例行手术治疗.其中胰十二指肠切除术135例(54.0%),乳头部肿瘤局部切除术13例(5.2%),节段性肠切除21例(8.4%).姑息手术81例(32.4%).胰十二指肠切除术、节段性肠切除和乳头区肿瘤局部切除术间生存无差异(P＞0.05).根治性手术治疗1、2、3、5年生存率分别为86.0%、75.8%、72.0%、59.4%.胰十二指肠切除术、节段性肠切除和乳头部肿瘤局部切除术与姑息手术生存比较差异显著.结论:十二指肠腺癌手术方式可选用胰十二指肠切除术、节段性肠切除和乳头部肿瘤局部切除术.但目前姑息手术比例仍较高,疗效差.以手术为主的综合治疗值得进一步探索.     

再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素

目的 探讨再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析94例结直肠癌肝转移复发患者临床相关资料,其中38例行再次肝切除术(观察组),其他56例进行内科化疗(对照组).结果 分别进行再次手术和化疗后,结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的1、3、5年生存率观察组为81.6%、52.6%和31.6%;对照组为62.5%、21.4%、7.1%,观察组患者生存率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).针对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者再次切除术的预后可能影响因素进行分析,其中癌直径大小、复发转移灶个数、切缘情况与患者5年生存率有关(P<0.05).术后并发症发生率为28.9%,均经过对症处理可耐受.结论 对于结直肠癌肝转移复发患者,再次肝切除术能提高远期疗效,对于癌直径较小、复发转移灶个数少、切缘阳性的患者效果更好.     

结直肠癌局限性肝转移的治疗

[目的]探讨结直肠癌局限性肝转移多种治疗方法的价值。[方法]对我院1987年-2000年收治的原发癌根治术后的引例结直肠癌局限性肝转移患者进行回顾性研究。[结果]原发癌加肝转移灶切除患者1、3、5年生存率分别为85.7％、46.9％、32.1％,而肝转移灶未治疗的患者分别为26.7％、0、0,两者的差异均有显著性（P<0.05）;肝转移灶微波固化和无水酒精注射及肝脏区域化疗合并组患者1、3、5年生存率分别为 74.2％、42.9％、19.2％,其与肝转移灶切除组的差异均无显著性（P>0.05）,与肝转移灶未治疗组的1、3年生存率差异有显著性（P<0.05）。[结论]1结直肠癌局限性肝转移患者,应尽可能彻底切除原发癌和肝转移灶,肝转移灶微波固化和无水酒精注射及肝脏区域化疗是其治疗的重要补充。     

Prognostic Factors of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Single Institutional Retrospective Experience with Surgical Management over 20 Years

OBJECTIVE To analyze the pathological features and prognosis factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after primary resection. METHODS Medical records of the diagnosis, surgery, and follow-up of 327 patients with GISTs who underwent surgery between 1988 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The predic-tive factors for the survival of these patients were identi. ed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS In the 327 tumors, 152 (46.5%) were located in the stomach, 89 (27.2%) in the small intestine, 33 (10.1%) in the colon and rectum, and 43 (13.1%) in other sites including the omentum and mesentery. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of the 327 GIST patients were 74.4% and 62.7%, respectively, and univariate survival analysis demonstrated that factors, such as tumor size, mitotic index, NIH categories, Ki-67 index, tumor location, surgical margins, tumor bleeding, and tumor necrosis have significant effect on survival of the patients (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the NIH categories, surgical margins, and Ki-67 index were independent prognostic factors for the survival rate. In the group of patients with postoperative recurrence or metastasis, the median survival time of patients who did not receive imatinib treatment was 30 months and that of patients who received imatinib treatment was 59 months. Their 5-year survival rates were 16.4% and 39.4%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Complete resection is the .rst choice of treat-ment for GISTs. It is reasonable to evaluate the prognosis of resect-able GISTs and guide the adjunctive therapy with NIH categories and Ki-67 index. Imatinib treatment can signi.cantly increase the survival rate of patients with recurrent and metastatic GISTs.     

Clinicopathologic factors predicting outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the rectum and colon

Limited information is available concerning the clinicopathologic profile of colorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which are relatively rare, as well as survival rates following surgical resection. The present study was designed to describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with colorectal GISTs and identify potential factors that may predict postoperative survival outcomes. We reviewed the medical records of 67 patients with colorectal GISTs who underwent surgical resection between January 2000 and December 2012. Clinicopathologic factors affecting overall survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (range, 32–79 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.68. Tumor size varied from 0.2 to 11 cm, with a median size of 5.7 cm. Sixty-two tumors (93 %) were positive for CD117, 53 (79 %) for CD34, 6 (9 %) for PDGFRA, 15 (22 %) for SMA, 5 (8 %) for S100, and 39 (58 %) for vimentin. The overall median survival time was 54 months (95 % confidence interval, 32–59 months), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 89.6, 63.9, and 34.4 %, respectively. High-risk tumors (determined by histologic grade, size, and other histologic variables) were associated with poor prognosis (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95 % confidence interval, 1.21–2.78), and patients who received adjuvant treatment with imatinib had significantly longer median overall survival times than patients who did not (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95 % confidence interval, 0.24–0.80). In patients with colorectal GISTs, high-risk tumor histologic grade can predict poor prognosis, and patients may benefit from adjuvant treatment with imatinib. Findings from the present study may provide information to establish evidence-based management strategies for colorectal GISTs.     

Gastric GIST: a single institutional retrospective experience with surgical treatment for primary disease.

AIMS: Because gastric GISTs show variable clinical behavior, we reviewed our experience with primary gastric GISTs after surgical treatment and imatinib mesylate treatment for advanced disease. METHODS: Between December 1995 and December 2005, 111 patients who underwent surgical treatment for primary gastric GISTs were enrolled in this study. Patients were grouped according to the risk assessment classification, and clinicopathological features, tumor recurrence and patient survival were assessed. RESULTS: One patient was included in the very low risk group, 35 in the low risk group, 31 in the intermediate risk group and 44 in the high-risk group. All patients with very low, low and intermediate risk GISTs and 70% of patients with high risk GISTs underwent R0 resection. While there was no recurrence or metastasis in patients with very low, low and intermediate risk GISTs, 23% of those with high risk GISTs showed a distant metastasis at diagnosis and 35% of these patients had a recurrence after R0 resection. The overall 5-year survival rate of the high risk patients was 77.1%. Nineteen patients received imatinib mesylate therapy due to an incomplete resection or recurrence; 7 with no measurable lesion at the CT scan by a local tumor control showed no tumor progression after imatinib mesylate therapy, however, 12 patients with measurable lesions showed variable clinical courses after treatment. The overall 5-year survival rate of 19 patients with imatinib mesylate treatment was 80.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcome of the very low, low and intermediate risk gastric GISTs was excellent, while high risk gastric GISTs had a high rate of recurrence and therefore a less favorable outcome. A complete resection is the most important treatment for cure; however imatinib mesylate treatment may improve the clinical outcome of the patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric GISTs.     

Outcome following repeat liver resection for colorectal liver metastases.

AIM: Our aim was to determine independent predictors of survival after second liver resection and to confirm whether the type of first resection influences survival after repeat resection. METHODS: Fifty-four patients who underwent a second liver resection for colorectal liver metastases were analyzed. To find independent predictors of survival, possible prognostic factors regarding the primary tumor, and the first and second resections were used in the Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: There were three postoperative deaths within 90 days of surgery. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 53% and 46%, respectively. The size of the tumor (>50mm) (p=0.005), serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (>30microg/L) (p=0.002), and the presence of a positive surgical margin at the second resection (p=0.006) were independent predictors of poor survival following the second resection. The type of first resection was not associated with survival but was associated with the ability to achieve a histological negative surgical margin at the second liver resection (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Three independent predictors of survival were identified. Major initial liver resection was associated with a reduced ability to achieve surgical clearance at the second resection. For colorectal liver metastases, major resection should only be performed if a negative margin cannot be achieved by minor resection.     

大肠癌肝转移42例的治疗分析

目的为了探讨大肠癌肝转移的手术治疗效果.方法对肝转移根治切除9例与肝转移灶未治疗18例以及非根治切除加插管化疗、酒精注射等治疗的15例生存率进行比较.结果根治切除术9例3年、5年生存率分别为55.50%、22.22%比未治疗的18例3年、5年生存率(11.11%和0)明显提高,也比非根治切除加插管化疗、酒精注射等治疗组生存率(26.67%和6.67%)提高.结论大肠癌肝转移以手术根治切除转移灶治疗效果最好.     

198例结直肠癌肝转移患者外科治疗的疗效分析

背景与目的:肝脏是结直肠癌常见的转移部位,35%的患者在确诊时已发生肝转移,肝转移患者的预后较差。尽管手术切除、化疗、射频消融术、介入治疗等手段应用于临床,但治疗效果不同。本研究探讨结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗的临床疗效。方法:对我院5年间经病理检查证实的198例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同进行分组:根治性切除组46例(23.2%)、姑息性切除组43例(21.7%)、手术探查组或最佳支持治疗组29例(14.6%)、肝动脉置泵化疗组41例(20.7%),全身化疗组39例(19.7%);对其生存期进行比较和统计学分析。结果:根治性切除组中位生存期37.1个月,5年生存率为31.2%;姑息性切除组的中位生存期14.3个月,5年生存率为0;肝动脉置泵化疗组的中位生存期21.3个月,5年生存期为7.5%;全身性化疗和探查组或最佳支持治疗组的中位生存期分别为18.7个月、6.3个月,均无5年生存者。根治性切除组与其他组比较,中位生存期有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:根治性切除是提高结直肠癌肝转移患者生存率的重要手段;姑息性切除治疗效果并不优于辅助性治疗,对于不能根治性切除的病例可采用肝动脉置泵化疗。     

多原发大肠癌70例临床分析

背景与目的:多原发大肠癌在大肠癌中并非少见,但其生物学行为较独特。本研究探讨多原发大肠癌(MPCC)的临床特点、诊断、外科治疗及预后。方法:对1997～2003年间手术治疗的70例MPCC患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,其中同时性多原发大肠癌(SC)61例,异时性多原发大肠癌(MC)9例,并结合随访资料进行生存分析。结果:55例患者术前经肠镜、钡灌肠或CT诊断,15例患者因远端肿瘤过大无法进镜于术中诊断。70例患者中伴发结肠多发腺瘤性息肉者33例。除3例患者肿瘤广泛播散仅行短路手术外,其余均同期手术切除。其中根治性切除52例,姑息性切除15例。总的3年和5年生存率分别为65.7%和45.7%,其中根治性切除患者的3年和5年生存率分别为78.1%和59.3%。结论:MPCC的发生过程与腺瘤及息肉关系密切。其手术治疗并无固定模式,需根据肿瘤的位置、范围、间距以及患者的综合情况等决定。MPCC总体预后较好。应着重随访伴发腺瘤及息肉的MPCC患者。     

伴有同时性肝转移结直肠癌的外科治疗

目的探讨伴有同时性肝转移结直肠癌的外科治疗及其适应证。方法收集经外科手术治疗的116例伴有同时性肝转移的结直肠癌患者的临床资料,进行生存分析,并通过单因素分析和Cox比例风险模型多因素分析确定患者预后的影响因素。结果116例患者均行结直肠癌原发肿瘤切除,18例行同期肝转移瘤切除。围手术期死亡2例(1.7%),术后发生并发症者17例(14.7%)。全组患者5年生存率为14.29%,肝转移瘤切除患者5年生存率为32.12%。多因素分析显示,肝转移瘤切除、腹腔扩散、介入治疗和全身化疗是影响预后的最主要因素。结论伴有同时性肝转移的结直肠癌患者,选择外科手术切除肿瘤病灶,并辅助综合治疗可延长患者的生存时间。