新生儿阑尾炎临床及超声图像特点分析

目的总结新生儿阑尾的临床及超声图像特点。 方法选取2007年1月至2017年10月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院经手术或临床诊断的新生儿阑尾炎28例,总结其临床及超声图像特点。 结果28例新生儿阑尾炎患儿中超声可显示阑尾9例,其中3例阑尾外径<0.4 cm,6例阑尾外径≥0.4 cm;2例阑尾壁厚<0.2 cm,7例阑尾壁厚≥0.2 cm。19例新生儿阑尾显示困难,则重点观察阑尾周围改变。超声扫查提示：28例右下腹可见阑尾周围系膜肿胀,26例可见阑尾周围积脓或炎性包块;超声提示诊断新生儿阑尾炎22例,新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎4例,消化道穿孔1例;1例因腹胀明显,初诊超声无异常发现,腹胀缓解后超声诊断新生儿阑尾炎。28例患儿中2例继发近端小肠粘连梗阻,2例阴囊内混浊积液。超声随访观察28例新生儿治疗后改变,其中保守治疗21例,18例1个月内超声复查可见周围炎症范围较上次检查缩小（4例5~10个月复发,2例再次手术,2例保守治疗后均好转）。7例手术治疗的患儿中,4例术后1周行超声复查,原病变区局部仅可见少许粘连。 结论新生儿阑尾炎临床症状多样,超声图像表现为阑尾周围系膜肿胀,阑尾外径增大（≥0.4 cm）和（或）阑尾壁增厚（≥0.2 cm）,可合并积脓和（或）炎性包块,超声检查可对患儿的诊断及治疗提供依据。     

超声及CT检查对小儿急性阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声及CT检查对小儿急性阑尾炎的诊断价值.方法:回顾分析因临床症状怀疑阑尾炎而行超声及CT检查的85例患儿的超声声像图及CT影像资料,并与手术病理结果和最终诊断结果进行比较.结果:85例中,接受手术治疗70例,其中急性单纯性阑尾炎2例,急性化脓性阑尾炎59例,急性坏疽性阑尾炎8例,阑尾周围脓肿1例;其余15例行保守治疗,临床最终证实为阑尾脓肿.85例患儿中,超声诊断的符合率为88.2 ％(75/85),CT诊断的符合率为94.1％(80/85).其中55例合并阑尾穿孔的患儿,超声诊断符合率为90.9 ％(50/55),CT诊断符合率为98.2 ％(54/55).结论:超声及CT检查对小儿急性阑尾炎均有较高的诊断价值,超声检查可作为小儿急性阑尾炎首选的影像学检查方法,当超声检查为阴性而临床症状典型时可选择CT检查.     

阑尾恶性肿瘤10例诊治体会

目的探讨阑尾恶性肿瘤患者的临床特点及治疗要点。方法分析1992～2004年我院10例阑尾恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果10例阑尾恶性肿瘤患者中阑尾类癌5例，阑尾腺癌5例。均行手术治疗，其中5例行右半结肠切除术中3例为二期右半结肠切除。结论阑尾恶性肿瘤临床少见，术前诊断困难，易误诊为阑尾炎，对术中可疑者，应做快速病理检查，以选择适当的手术方式，改善手术预后。     

以急性阑尾炎表现的结肠癌18例分析

临床上以急性阑尾炎表现的结肠癌易误诊 ,贻误结肠癌的治疗。本文将我院 1985～ 2 0 0 0年收治的以急性阑尾炎表现的结肠癌 18例分析如下。1　临床资料男 13例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 35～ 70岁 ,平均 47.15岁。均有突发腹痛及右下腹痛。恶心、呕吐 12例 ;发热 37.5～ 38.5℃ 15例 ;WBC>10× 10 9/ L 11例。 6例术前诊断急性阑尾炎 ,术中发现为结肠癌 ;1例行右半结肠切除 ,2例行回盲部肿瘤切除 ,3例行二期手术切除。 12例因术前怀疑急性阑尾炎而行阑尾炎切除术 ;术后 7例以发热、右下腹肿块 ,怀疑阑尾切除术后腹腔脓肿二次住院 ;10例表现为右下腹…     

腹腔镜下阑尾切除术治疗儿童阑尾炎的手术方法及策略

目的探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗儿童阑尾炎的手术方法及治疗经验。方法对35例儿童阑尾炎行腹腔镜下阑尾切除术,回顾性分析其临床特点和手术情况。结果 34例患儿顺利完成手术,1例患儿因盲肠后位阑尾、一般情况较差,中转开腹;术中无严重并发症发生;手术时间（38.38±4.78）min,住院天数（4.29±0.84）d,术中出血量（7.12±2.53）ml。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗儿童阑尾炎安全可行,且手术创伤更小,切口更为隐蔽,患儿恢复时间更短。     

新生儿坏疽阑尾穿孔全腹膜炎1例的护理

新生儿阑尾炎甚为罕见,临床表现不典型,早期诊断困难,易误诊为消化道穿孔、肠梗阻等行急诊手术。术中诊断为阑尾炎,其并发症及死亡率较高。我院2008—04收治新生儿坏疽性阑尾炎、阑尾穿孔全腹膜炎患儿1例,现将护理体会如下。     

儿童急性阑尾炎的超声诊断

目的探讨超声检查在儿童急性阑尾炎诊断中的应用价值。方法对246例临床疑为急性阑尾炎的患儿予以急诊腹部B超检查。通过测量阑尾外径,观察阑尾腔内容物,阑尾壁有无充血,以及阑尾周围情况等来判断是否存在阑尾炎。结果246例急性腹痛患儿中,114例超声诊断为急性阑尾炎,其中97例急诊手术切除阑尾,另17例阑尾脓肿予非手术治疗,于6个月后择期手术。术后病理均证实诊断无误。余132例患儿中121例肠系膜淋巴结炎,6例卵巢囊肿,1例胆总管囊肿,1例肠系膜囊肿,2例右肾积水,1例右侧输尿管结石。肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿予非手术治疗,其中103例好转,18例因症状不消失仍施以阑尾切除术,病理报告5例为化脓性阑尾炎,13例为单纯性阑尾炎。结论超声检查在儿童急性阑尾炎的诊断中有实用价值。     

妊娠合并急性阑尾炎诊治分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并急性阑尾炎的诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析10例妊娠合并急性阑尾炎患者的临床资料。结果:行阑尾切除术8例,保守治疗2例;流产1例,早产2例,新生儿窒息2例,除1例失访外,无产妇死亡病例。结论:妊娠合并急性阑尾炎诊治较困难,应综合分析早期诊断,及时手术是治疗的关键。     

急性阑尾炎超声诊断价值

报道我院三年来经超声探查、手术切除、病理证实的138例急性阑尾炎 ,超声探查显示阑尾声像图 12 5例 (显示率 90 .1% )。坏疽性阑尾炎 2 2例 ,急性阑尾炎的超声诊断给临床选择治疗方法和确定手术提供可靠依据。1　资料与方法我院 1998年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 7月住院临床疑诊或确诊     

新生儿阑尾炎19例临床观察

目的:总结新生儿阑尾炎的临床特点,提高新生儿阑尾交诊治水平.方法:回顾性分析19例新生儿阑尾炎的临床资料.结果:19例均行手术治疗,1例术后出现呼吸衰竭,放弃治疗,余18例术后治愈.伤口Ⅰ期愈合16例,发生伤口感染2例.结论:新生儿用尾炎临床表现不典型,易误诊,仔细的体格检查结合辅助检查有助于诊断,及时手术及加强围手术期管理是治愈的关键.     

以急性阑尾炎为表现的结肠癌的诊断与治疗

目的：分析表现为急性阑尾炎的结肠癌漏诊的原因，探讨及时诊断、治疗的措施。方法：对我院近10年收治的表现为急性阑尾炎的结肠癌27例I临床资料作回顾分析。结果：27例首次诊断急性阑尾炎(外院5例)，全部作阑尾切除，术中诊断结肠癌15例，12例作Ⅰ期结肠癌根治术，3例无法根治；漏诊12例(外院5例)，术后3天—6个月诊断结肠癌，8例作Ⅱ期结肠癌根治术，3例无法根治，1例放弃治疗。病理诊断：结肠癌26例，急性阑尾炎17例，慢性阑尾炎5例。26例治愈出院，1例放弃诊疗。随访9例，生存3年以上5例，生存5年以上4例。结论：对本病认识不足是漏诊的主要原因，提高认识、重视腹腔探查可提高诊断率，确诊后应及时Ⅰ期手术根治。     

老年急性阑尾炎45例诊疗体会

目的分析老年急性阑尾炎患者的临床特点,指导老年急性阑尾炎的正确诊断和合理治疗。方法对45例60岁以上的老年急性阑尾炎患者的临床诊断及治疗的相关资料进行收集分析。结果 45例患者均行手术治疗,单纯阑尾切除41例,阑尾切除加腹腔冲洗术4例,所有患者均痊愈出院。结论老年人急性阑尾炎临床表现多不典型,且发展快,阑尾穿孔率高,病死率高,老年急性阑尾炎极易误诊和误治;符合手术条件的早期手术是治疗老年急性阑尾炎成功的关键。     

新生儿阑尾炎的发病特点及误诊原因

目的分析新生儿阑尾炎的发病特点及误诊原因,并总结防范误诊措施。方法回顾分析2014年5月—2019年5月收治的病初曾误诊为其他疾病的新生儿阑尾炎12例的临床资料。结果12例患儿均有呕吐、哭闹、拒乳表现,其中发热10例,嗜睡9例,停止排气排便或大便减少7例。查体腹壁发红3例,肠鸣音减弱或消失11例,右下腹触及包块2例。查血白细胞、C反应蛋白升高。右下腹腹腔穿刺抽出淡黄色脓液8例。腹部立位X线片示10例不同程度肠腔胀气,2例见膈下游离气体;B超示10例右下腹肠管局限性扩张,8例腹腔积液,2例右下腹炎性液性包块。初步诊断为肠梗阻10例和消化道穿孔2例。误诊时间为8 h~1 d。术前诊断肠梗阻者,剖腹探查发现肠间脓苔引起粘连,局部肠管明显扩张,形成梗阻,术中及术后病理均证实为急性化脓性阑尾炎。拟诊消化道穿孔者,剖腹探查术中见阑尾穿孔,术中及术后病理均证实为急性坏疽性阑尾炎。术后所有患儿均康复出院,随访1年未见异常。结论新生儿阑尾炎临床罕见,且症状体征无特异性,加之难以获得可靠的病史及查体资料,故临床易误诊。加强对新生儿阑尾炎相关知识的学习,熟知其发病特点,尽可能获取详细的病史及查体资料,及时行相关影像学检查,必要时可行腹腔穿刺和(或)手术探查。     

白血病化疗后肛肠感染的诊断和治疗特点

目的：总结和讨论白血病患者化疗后出现肛肠感染时的诊断和治疗特点。方法：对36例出现肛肠感染表现的白血病患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：其中15例表现为肛门直肠感染或脓肿形成,14例表现为阑尾炎,4例表现为局限性盲肠炎,3例表现为肛管坏死、肛门失禁。36例中33例进行了外科手术治疗,2例阑尾炎早期及1例盲肠炎不伴出血的患者行内科抗感染治疗。手术分别采用病变肠段切除吻合术、阑尾切除术、结肠造瘘直肠肛管感染旷置引流术、肛周脓肿切开引流肛瘘切开术等。所有病例均痊愈出院。外科手术治疗的33例中,经手术及病理检查证实为白血病盲肠浸润1例、阑尾浸润2例,其余为普通炎性感染或脓肿形成。结论：白血病化疗后出现肛肠感染的患者,以肛门直肠中、重度感染,急性阑尾炎和急性盲肠炎多见,通常病情较重,肛管直肠壁脓肿形成或溃烂、坏死,阑尾穿孔等概率高,出血风险大,术后并发症多。当诊断明确而内科治疗难以控制时,应积极进行外科手术治疗。围手术期妥善处理是手术成功的关键。     

The value of laboratory tests in patients suspected of acute appendicitis.

The clinical usefulness of laboratory tests was examined in 258 patients admitted to the emergency room with the general practitioner's tentative diagnosis, acute appendicitis. Acute appendectomy was performed on 91 patients. Histological examination of the appendix confirmed the diagnosis in 69 cases (acute appendicitis 20, phlegmonous appendicitis 36, perforation 13). Seven patients with appendicular infiltrate were not subjected to operation but the diagnosis was clear from clinical examination. On close examination/operation by the surgical team, 96 admitted patients were excluded from the primary diagnosis, acute appendicitis, and served as a control group. Receiver Operation Characteristic curves (ROC-curves) showed that the sensitivity and specificity and hence diagnostic efficiency for total white blood cell count, number of segmented leukocytes and C-reactive protein concentration for the detection of acute appendicitis were higher than for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, alpha 1-antiproteinase concentration and body temperature. We observed that when all three parameters, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count and segmented leukocytes, are within the normal range the diagnosis, acute appendicitis is highly unlikely. The diagnostic value of the different laboratory parameters appears, moreover, to be highly dependent on the degree of inflammation/perforation and the development of appendicular infiltration. However, diagnostic efficiency can be improved, and unnecessary surgery prevented, by performance of an appropriately selected combination of laboratory tests combined with evaluation of clinical symptoms.     

Laparoscopic appendectomies: Experience of a surgical unit

Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen in adults and appendectomy is the most common emergency abdominal procedure. Laparoscopic appendectomy has gained popularity only in recent years and the optimal approach for the treatment of acute appendicitis is still under debate. This retrospective study aimed at examining the current indications for laparoscopic appendectomy. 1024 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy between February 1992 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. 39.9% of patients (n=408) underwent emergency surgery. In 616 cases (60.1%) conservative management was performed in vain and these patients underwent an elective operation. In the 36 patients with an intraoperative normal appendix, other pathological findings were laparoscopically detected and treated. Conversion to an open procedure was required for 13 (1.3%) cases. The mean operative time was 38 min and the average length of postoperative hospitalization was 2.5 days. The overall morbidity rate was 2.6%. Laparoscopic appendectomy should be considered a procedure of choice for the treatment of non-complicated appendicitis. We stress the possibility to laparoscopically treat even complicated appendicitis in the surgical setting with substantial experience in minimally invasive surgery.     

Computed tomography of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following appendectomy

During a 5-year period, superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis was detected with computed tomography (CT) in six patients shortly after an appendectomy. No sign of SMV was present at appendectomy, and a period of more than 2 weeks free of clinical symptoms had elapsed between the appendectomy and the onset of the SMV thrombosis. In four cases, the appendicitis was complicated. These patients had nonspecific signs and symptoms, although two of them had elevation of blood hepatic enzyme levels. In all cases, postcontrast CT demonstrated enlargement of the SMV, with well-defined enhancement of the vascular wall and an intraluminal clot. In one case, CT showed extension of the thrombus to the portal vein with the presence of low-attenuation areas in the liver, consistent with hepatic infarcts. Two patients had predisposing diseases: idiopathic hypersplenism in one case and chronic hepatic disease in the other. SMV thrombosis is a possible complication of appendicitis, and early appendectomy in appendicitis can prevent this complication. Moreover, as in any abdominal surgery, early appendectomy may be complicated by thrombosis of the SMV, thus creating problems of postoperative diagnosis. The complication is more frequent when the initial operation is performed under difficult conditions (peritonitis), or when the patient presents with a coagulopathy. CT is useful in the diagnosis of SMV thrombosis, thus leading to early management with anticoagulant therapy, with a view to avoiding complications such as intestinal ischemia, portal vein thrombosis, and hepatic infarction. Received: 19 March 1997/Accepted after revision: 15 July 1997     

超声对粪石性阑尾炎的诊断价值及其临床意义

目的探讨超声对粪石性阑尾炎的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法对经手术病理证实的45例粪石性阑尾炎进行回顾性超声分析。结果本组45例粪石性阑尾炎的超声诊断符合率97．7％（44／45）,超声所提示的粪石大小、数目与手术病理一致。45例粪石性阑尾炎中,单纯性阑尾炎5例,化脓性阑尾炎28例,坏疽性阑尾炎9例,慢性阑尾炎急性发作3例。其中一例粪石性阑尾炎同时合并回盲部肿瘤。结论超声可以作为粪石性阑尾炎的术前诊断依据,能明确阑尾炎是否伴粪石形成,以及粪石的大小,数目,具有很高的超声诊断价值及临床应用价值。     

A child with appendicitis after appendectomy

Stump appendicitis, although rare, is a real entity that is often not considered during the evaluation of children with right lower quadrant pain and a surgical history of appendectomy. The history of appendectomy in a child may delay the diagnosis and management of this entity by misleading the physician into thinking that this patient could never have appendicitis again. However, the diagnosis of appendicitis should be considered in any patient with right lower quadrant pain, even if there is a history of appendectomy. We report a case of stump appendicitis 2 years after laparoscopic appendectomy. A review of the pertinent literature is included.