游离皮瓣移植术修复口腔颌面恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损的临床效果

目的 探讨游离皮瓣移植术在口腔颌面恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损中的应用效果。方法 选取口腔颌面恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损患者64例，按随机数字表法分为2组，各32例。所有患者均施以游离皮瓣移植术，对照组施行股前外侧皮瓣移植，观察组则给予前臂皮瓣移植。观察到术后3个月，对比2组吞咽功能、手术相关指标、美观满意度、并发症。结果 2组吞咽功能相比，无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组出血量[(319.48±23.57)ml]少于对照组[(453.75±26.84)ml],住院时间[(5.71±1.05)d]短于对照组[(7.35±1.27)d],美观满意度[93.75%(30/32)]高于对照组[75.00%(24/32)],并发症发生率[9.38%(3/32)]低于对照组[31.25%(10/32)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与股前外侧皮瓣移植术相比，前臂游离皮瓣移植术在口腔颌面恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损修复中效果更确切，可有效减少出血量，缩短住院时间，促进吞咽功能恢复，提升美观满意度，降低并发症发生率。     

游离皮瓣移植术对口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后缺损的修复研究

目的：探讨采取游离皮瓣移植术对口腔颌面恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损的修复疗效及其对血清唾液酸（SA）和白介素-2（IL-2）的影响。方法对45例口腔颌面部肿瘤患者,肿瘤切除术后分别采取游离组织皮瓣移植术修复治疗。观察术后皮瓣生长、伤口愈合和不良反应发生情况;随访术后患者复发、吞咽和张口功能恢复以及生存情况;检测血清SA和IL-2水平。结果43例缺损成功修复,成功率95．56％;术后4例因淤血发生皮瓣小面积坏死,3例发生血管危象,经抗炎治疗及局部处理后愈合;1例术后出现供区感染伴积液,给予切开引流后愈合;2例术后2d出现轻度的消化系统不良反应,如恶心、呕吐,导致皮瓣血管危象,行移植皮瓣切除术;局部血肿3例,给予清创止血处理皮瓣愈合。随访时间2～4年,3年生存37例,生存率为82．22％。治疗前,口腔恶性肿瘤患者血清SA水平明显高于对照组和良性肿瘤组,而IL-2水平明显低于对照组和良性肿瘤组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;治疗后1天和2周,患者血清SA水平均明显下降,而IL-2均明显升高,比较差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论应用游离皮瓣移植术修复口腔颌面恶件肿瘤术后组织缺损疗效好、并发症较少,患者血清SA和IL-2水平测定对口腔颌面部肿瘤术后患者的恢复和预后评价均有重要的临床意义。     

前臂游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损体会

目的总结前臂游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的体会。方法对10例前臂游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损的病例进行了临床分析。结果10例皮瓣吻合动、静脉比为1:2.8,其中两例出现术后瓣下出血,经处理后好转。10例皮瓣全部成活。结论适应证选择,规范的术中操作,高动、静脉吻合比,以面总静脉为回流静脉,积极处理术后异常,是保证皮瓣成活的重要因素。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损的初步观察

目的 探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔癌术后缺损修复中的应用效果.方法 回顾分析2004年12月至2007年8月完成的11例游离股前外侧皮瓣移植病例.分析皮瓣的设计、皮瓣成活情况、术后并发症及影响组织瓣成活的各种因素.结果 11例游离皮瓣中,面积8 cm×5 cm至12 cm×7 cm,平均10.2 cm×6.2 cm,除1例术后14 h出现血管危象,经抢救失败后,放弃皮瓣,其余10例皮瓣全部存活.结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔癌术后缺损的修复中具有较大灵活性,组织丰实,供区隐蔽,值得临床进一步应用.     

头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损的I期修复与重建

目的:探讨不同修复方法在头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损I期修复与重建中的作用,评价其临床效果.方法:1989年1月至1998年12月,我们对258例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的术后缺损进行了I期修复与重建,患者年龄23～81岁,中位年龄51.3岁,男160例,女98例.缺损部位包括:头皮62例,颈部40例,口颊部39例,鼻部29例,唇颏部27例,颧颞部22例,下颌骨20例,舌及口底部12例,其它7例.修复方法:局部皮瓣修复75例;局部皮瓣加游离植皮53例;邻近组织瓣修复加游离植皮47例;肌皮瓣18例;肌皮瓣加局部皮瓣或游离植皮25例;游离组织瓣移植30例;游离组织瓣加邻近组织瓣修复3例;组织代用品7例.结果:全组258例病人,共采用276个皮瓣及组织代用品修复.手术成功224例,手术基本成功23例,手术失败11例.结论:头颈部肿瘤术后I期修复与重建可最大限度地减少术后功能障碍和畸形,提高患者生存质量.     

游离皮瓣移植修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后组织缺损后皮瓣失活的影响因素

目的 探讨影响游离皮瓣移植修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后组织缺损后皮瓣失活的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年12月至2021年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院行游离皮瓣移植修复治疗的89例口腔颌面部肿瘤患者临床资料。术后观察皮瓣存活情况，并分析皮瓣失活的相关影响因素。结果 术后皮瓣失活率为14.61%(13/89),其中不完全失活12例，完全失活1例。单因素分析显示：口腔感染、合并糖尿病、白蛋白(ALB)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平与口腔颌面部肿瘤术后皮瓣失活有关(P<0.05),年龄、缺损部位、性别、淋巴结转移、合并高血压、高血脂和肿瘤最大直径、皮瓣来源、凝血酶原时间(PT)与口腔颌面部肿瘤术后皮瓣失活无关(P>0.05);多因素分析显示：合并糖尿病、口腔感染、ALB水平<35 g/L、FIB水平≥4 g/L是口腔颌面部肿瘤术后皮瓣失活的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论 游离皮瓣移植修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后组织缺损后的皮瓣失活与合并糖尿病、口腔感染、ALB水平降低、FIB水平升高有关，临床需加以注意。     

游离组织瓣移植修复头颈肿瘤术后复杂缺损

目的:探讨游离组织瓣在修复头颈部肿瘤术后复杂缺损中的应用. 方法: 对采用游离组织瓣同期修复头颈肿瘤术后复杂缺损34例资料进行分析.结果: 34例患者中,2例出现血管危象,1例皮瓣部分坏死,11例出现早期局部并发症,随访3月-2年,平均17个月,23例术后头颈部外形及功能基本恢复正常,受区和供区均无严重并发症;3例带瘤生存;7例分别死于局部复发、颈淋巴结转移及远处转移. 结论: 利用吻合血管的游离组织瓣,能同时提供足够的组织量及多个创面的覆盖,可修复各种头颈部肿瘤术后的复杂缺损.     

头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损的Ⅰ期修复与重建

目的：探讨不同修复方法在头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损Ⅰ期修复与重建中的作用。评价其临床效果。方法：1989年1月至1998年12月，我们对258例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的术后缺损进行了Ⅰ期修复与重建，患者年龄23-81岁，中位年龄51.3岁，男160例，女98例，缺损部位包括；头皮62例，颈部40例，口颊部39例，鼻部29例，唇颏部27例，颧颞部22例，下颌骨20例舌及口底部12例，其它7例，修复方法：局部皮瓣修复75例；局部皮瓣加游离植皮53例，邻近组织瓣修复加游离植皮47例，肌皮瓣18例，肌皮瓣加局部皮瓣或游离植皮25例；游离组织瓣移植30例，游离组织瓣加邻近组织瓣修复3例；组织代用品7例。结果：全组258例病人，共采用276个皮瓣及组织代用品修复，手术成功224例，手术基本成功23例，手术失败11例。结论：头颈部肿瘤术后Ⅰ期修复与重建可最大限度地减少术后功能障碍和畸形，提高患者生存质量。     

个体化前臂皮瓣Ⅰ期修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损

 目的探讨个体化前臂皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损的可行性,并评价其疗效。方法对32例口腔颌面部软组织缺损的病例根据缺损的部位及形态设计前臂皮瓣,分析皮瓣成活情况及术后皮瓣修复效果。结果32例皮瓣全部成活,成功率100%。本组随访6~36个月,口腔颌面部功能及外形恢复好。结论个体化设计的前臂皮瓣对颌面组织缺损Ⅰ期重建,安全可靠,制备简单,是修复口腔颌面软组织缺损的理想方法,可明显提高患者的生存质量。     

股前外侧皮瓣在口腔颌面部修复重建中的临床应用

目的 探讨修复各类口腔颌面部缺损时应用游离股前外侧皮瓣的可能性和实用性。方法 2011年3月至2018年12月共开展股前外侧皮瓣移植术63例，皮瓣最小面积4×6 cm，最大面积7×22 cm；修复缺损部位有舌部26例，颊部15例，口底区8例，下颌6例，口咽部3例，上颌2例，软腭2例，面部大面积缺损1例。其中，肌皮瓣55例，分叶皮瓣8例。术中一期削薄48例，其中粗修46例，精修2例。结果 游离股前外侧皮瓣的临床成活率为98.4％(62／63)。术后血管危象2例，其中1例抢救成功，失败1例，组织瓣坏死。削薄皮瓣均无坏死，无大腿皮瓣供区感染。术后患者均获得可接受的面部外形以及咀嚼、吞咽和语言功能。结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣可以很好的修复口腔颌面部各种复杂的缺损。     

Predictors of swallowing outcome in patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy for advanced oral and oropharyngeal cancer

Retaining effective swallowing is a key element when optimising outcomes in the management of head and neck cancer. We report the functional swallowing outcomes for a cohort of 31 individuals with advanced oral and oropharyngeal cancer who underwent free or pedicled flap reconstruction of surgical defects. Swallowing was assessed pre and immediately post surgery and at four months post treatment. Swallowing assessments were related to site, size and volume of defect and composition of flap reconstruction. The effect of radiotherapy on swallowing was assessed among 17 of the 31 individuals who were submitted to radiotherapy after surgery.The proportion of patients on a total oral diet four months post treatment varied significantly by site of defect (Fishers exact test p = 0.006), from 100% (7/7) of patients with a lateral defect to only 22% (2/9) of patients with a central defect.The proportion of patients on a total oral diet at the final assessment did not vary by flap reconstruction or radiotherapy.     

Experience with microvascular free flaps in preoperatively irradiated tissue of the oral cavity and oropharynx in 303 patients

This study examined free flap reconstruction of surgical defects of the oral cavity and oropharynx after preoperative radiochemotherapy. Included in this analysis are 303 prospectively followed patients who underwent a multimodal treatment regime for advanced oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma. All patients received preoperative radiochemotherapy (Mitomycin C, 5-FU, 50 Gy), ablative surgery, and primary free flap reconstruction. Patient characteristics, surgical parameters like duration of surgery and ischaemia, size of defect, type of transplant, and clinical outcome parameters like duration of intensive care and hospitalization, type of complications, necessity and type of revision surgery were statistically evaluated. Overall flap success rate was 93.1%. Sixty seven patients required revision and 21 flaps (6.9%) were lost. Overall complication rate was 22.1%. Mean duration of intensive care (DOIC) and duration of overall postoperative hospitalization (DOH) were 11.0+/-9.6 days and 35.9+/-26.3 days, respectively. Flap success and flap related complications after 50 Gy focal radiation dosage were found in a comparable range as in published series of reconstructions in uncompromised tissue.     

应用额瓣整复老年颊癌患者术后缺损

目的 应用简便、快捷、安全的方法修复老年颊癌术后组织缺损，恢复口腔功能。方法 对5例老年颊粘膜癌患者施行根治性切除术后，同期行全额瓣带蒂移植。其中4例额瓣经颧弓下进入口腔，修复翼下颌皱襞、磨牙后区和颊粘膜；1例经颧弓外侧转移折叠，修复面颊部沿穿性缺损。结果 5例额瓣均完全成活，形态及功能良好。前额部皮片全部成活，但游移度稍差，术后1年以上皮片色泽接近正常。随访9个月-2年半无复发和转移。结论 额瓣适合于老年口腔癌术后组织缺损的修复，尤其是面积较大的颊癌或面颊洞穿性缺损。     

口腔癌游离皮瓣修复术后早期喂养的研究

目的 探讨口腔癌切除术后游离皮瓣修复术患者早期经口进流食对患者伤口愈合的影响.方法 分析32例口腔癌游离皮瓣修复术患者的资料,记录术后经口进水、进流食、拔除鼻饲管的时间、平均住院天数及并发症,并归纳总结.结果 32例患者均于术后6 h进食温开水,其中29例术后第5天9 Am经口进流食无不适后,于术后第5天10 Pm拔除鼻饲管;其余3例患者术后第7天9 Am经口进食,术后第7天10 Pm拔除鼻饲管.所有患者未出现皮瓣坏死、皮肤瘘管等并发症.尽管平均住院天数为12.8(范围10~19)天,但并非因为进食问题而推迟.住院超过14天主要因为等待术前确认病理结果(n=1)以及家属对手术的支持不足(n=2).结论 口腔癌切除游离皮瓣修复术后早期经口进流食不影响皮瓣的成活及伤口的愈合.     

改良带蒂胸大肌皮瓣修复头颈部晚期恶性肿瘤术后复杂缺损的临床应用

背景与目的：带蒂胸大肌皮瓣因为具有多种优点一直是头颈部组织缺损修复应用的经典组织瓣。当今,随着显微技术普及和提高,游离组织瓣逐步取代了带蒂组织瓣。然而,临床上并非所有病例均适宜接受游离组织瓣修复手术,邻近带蒂组织瓣更安全可靠。拟通过改进胸大肌皮瓣的制备及修复方法,探讨改良带蒂胸大肌皮瓣在修复头颈部晚期恶性肿瘤术后复杂缺损时的应用。方法：在皮瓣设计方案及制备方法等多方面改进胸大肌皮瓣,修复头颈部晚期恶性肿瘤术后复杂缺损患者51例。结果：51例改良胸大肌皮瓣全部存活,缺损区修复后外形和供区外形情况满意,缺损区功能得到良好的恢复,供区术后功能损伤最小化。结论：胸大肌皮瓣在设计及制备方法等多方面的改良,提高了对头颈部恶性肿瘤术后复杂缺损修复的范围及修复的距离,减少皮瓣坏死的概率,术后供区和受区外形、功能效果满意,目前仍然是头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损的重要修复手段之一。     

Free muscle transfer with split thickness skin graft coverage in head and neck reconstructive surgery

Sixteen patients (eight females and eight males) who underwent microsurgical free tissue transfers for head and neck reconstruction are reviewed. In this series, the flap reconstruction was completed on eleven patients with extra-oral defects and five with intra-oral defects. Split thickness skin graft coverage was used in all cases. The rectus abdominis free muscle flap was used in nine patients and the latissimus dorsi free muscle flap in seven patients. The choice of tissue reconstruction was decided by the size of the surgical defect. There were no failures of the tissue transfers and skin grafts. In skilled hands, free tissue transfer provides a reliable method of head and neck reconstruction, with a low incidence of recipient and donor site complications. In extra-oral defects, coverage of free muscle transfer with split thickness skin grafts, results in a better colour match than musculocutaneous flaps, and complements the appearance and pliability of the free muscle flap.     

Free flap reconstruction in the treatment of tumors involving the hard palate.

AIM: To report our experience in free flap reconstruction of the hard palate after malignant tumor resection, in terms of reconstruction method, immediate post-operative course and subjective functional results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Files from 1988 to 1999 were reviewed for patients having undergone microvascular reconstruction of the hard palate. The immediate post-operative course (during the first month) was reviewed to determine the occurrence of complications. The surgeon's evaluation 1 year post-operatively was used to determine the intelligibility of speech, type of diet and the quality of nasal permeability. RESULTS: Thirty eight patients (28 men and 10 women) with malignant tumors involving the hard palate had undergone surgical reconstruction using microvascular free flap techniques: free radial forearm flap (13 cases), scapular flap (24 cases) or fibular flap (five cases). Two different flaps were employed in two cases (scapula plus fibula). A second flap was used with success in two cases of failure of the first flap, for a total of 42 free flaps for 38 patients. Complications occurred in seven cases, with two cases of flap necrosis. At 1 year, 33 patients achieved a normal diet and 35 normal or easily intelligible speech. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical reconstruction using free tissue transfer allows reconstruction of large defects of the hard palate, with low morbidity and an excellent functional outcome. We propose criteria for free flap reconstruction and choice of flap.     

颏下岛状皮瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损的临床研究

 目的 探讨颏下岛状皮瓣在口腔颌面部肿瘤切除后软组织缺损修复中的应用. 方法 回顾分析应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤切除后软组织缺损12例,观察其近期临床效果,分析颈淋巴结转移和放疗对皮瓣的影响. 结果 应用该皮瓣修复12例,11例全部成活,1例出现部分坏死,其中5例切除原发灶同时行颈淋巴结清扫,6例接受术后放疗,无皮瓣坏死,功能与外观满意. 结论 颏下岛状皮瓣具有距离近、操作方便、切口隐蔽、厚薄适中、成活率高等优点,是修复口腔颌面部肿瘤切除后软组织缺损的一种理想选择.术后常规剂量放疗不影响皮瓣成活,选择好适应症,不影响肿瘤手术治疗的彻底性.     

臀部恶性和侵袭性软组织肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨臀部软组织肉瘤屏障切除和臀部肿瘤分区修复的可能性和效果。方法1992年7月至2004年1月收治臀部肿瘤中资料完整15例，男6例，女9例。年龄16～71岁，平均44．3岁。软组织肉瘤12例中，11例采用屏障切除方法切除肿瘤，另4例行边缘切除或经瘤切除。9例作了11块肌皮瓣覆盖缺损。2／15例重建了动力功能。结果软组织肉瘤屏障切除随访时间6—96个月，平均34．5个月。其中2例复发，复发率18．1％，平均复发时间33个月。4例平均术后13个月死亡，屏障切除占2例。11块肌皮瓣中1例坏死20％，余全部成活。结论屏障切除术是软组织肉瘤切除的理想术式，适应证比根治性切除术更广，复发率低于广泛切除术，而可操作性优于广泛切除术。臀部缺损的划区肌皮瓣修复方法简单，成功率高。     

Single perforator based anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of large composite defects of oral cavity

Composite defects of oral cavity are a reconstructive challenge. Anterolateral thigh flap provides large and pliable tissue for reconstruction of these defects. However, wide variations in the vascular anatomy, variable perforator number and location are reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of single perforator based large anterolateral thigh for reconstruction of complex oral cavity defects following ablative surgery. We report a series of 25 consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction of oral cavity defects with anterolateral thigh flap based on single perforator between August 2009 and August 2010. The mean flap dimension was 261cm(2) (range 80-540cm(2)). In 21 patients the flap was bi-paddled and used for inner and outer lining for cheek. None of the flaps developed perforator insufficiency. Two flaps were lost due to delayed neck wound sepsis after 7th post operative day. This study establishes safety and reliability of using a large and/or bi-paddled anterolateral thigh flap based on single perforator for reconstruction of complex oral cavity defects.