A paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) for the detection of larva-specific antibodies to toxocara canis in human sera

A paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) was shown to be sensitive and reproducible when used with excretory/secretory antigen of Toxocara canis second stage larvae. Whatman No. 50 filter paper (5 mm discs) gave the most consistent and clear results with antigen at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, and could be stored for up to 3 weeks in vacuo at ?70°C. Antigen coated discs were incubated with test sera at 1 : 10 dilution for 3 h at room temperature (21°C), reacted with [¹²⁵I]anti-human IgG for 1 h and counts determined in a gamma counter. Sera from patients with fascioliasis, taeniasis, schistosomiasis, oxyuriasis, trichinellosis and ancyclostomiasis gave counts similar to cord serum controls. Sera from patients with ascariasis gave counts of up to twice as great as controls, but sera from patients with toxicariasis produced counts of 7,000–13,000, a 4–6-fold increase.     

Improved method for the isolation of purified mouse peritoneal macrophages

Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 45 min in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) in petri dishes coated overnight with heat-inactivated FCS. After removal of non-adherent cells by washing, adherent cells were detached by a brief incubation in the presence of sub-toxic levels of ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA). Overall peritoneal macrophage recoveries of 90% can be routinely achieved with this method, and full cell viability is maintained.     

Early histogenesis in the mouse cerebral cortex: a Golgi study

The early histogenesis in the cerebral cortex of the mouse was studied with a modification of the rapid Golgi method. Three stages can be distinguished first, a period during which the telencephalon is exclusively populated with neuroepithelial cells (till E12); secondly the transient stage of the primordial cortical organization, characterized by the presence, in the outer part of the neural tube, of a loose network of primitive horizontal nerve cells and third, the appearance of the early cortical plate (E14) which contains closely packed, radial bipolar nerve cells. In addition to some salient morphological features of the various cell types, the technique also reveals the importance of efferent fibers from the cortex during the early cortical development.     

Parental reports of depressives: An investigation of several explanations

Associations linking parental reports of low care and/or overprotection with several grades of depressive experience have been reported in a number of studies. Three non-causal explanations of those associations are examined in the present paper: that depression levels might influence judgement of parental characteristics, that reported parental characteristics may not reflect actual parental characteristics, and that those with a potentially depressive temperament of dependency might elicit less parental care and greater parental overprotection.Varying levels of depression in a clinical group did not influence scores on a self-report measure of parental characteristics, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Subjects' scores on the PBI (i.e. perceived parental characteristics) correlated significantly with scores returned by family observers and judges in 2 separate studies, supporting the validity of the PBI as a measure of actual parental characteristics. Depression scores in subjects were strongly linked with lower maternal care and with maternal overprotection, whether the maternal characteristics were judged by the subjects or by the mothers themselves. There was no evidence to support the view that those with marked dependency traits elicit different parental responses.     

The classification of affective disorders — A reassessment of the bipolar-unipolar dichotomy: A clinical,laboratory, and family study

We studied a sample of 26 unipolar and 134 bipolar probands for a selection of familial, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. We found a high proportion of unipolar illness in the relatives of bipolar probands and bipolar illness in the relatives of unipolar probands, inconsistent with the present dichotomous classification of affective disorders. The two groups were also similar on a number of clinical and demographic variables, and displayed equal amounts of cortical dysfunction as measured by electroencephalographic and neuropsychological techniques. The groups differed significantly on only 2 variables, with unipolars having a greater proportion of females and a later onset age than bipolars. We interpret these findings to be suggestive of homogeneity rather than heterogeneity for the more severe forms of affective disorder and offer several alternatives to the present unipolar/bipolar dichotomy which require further testing.     

On periodic sweating from the human skin during rest and exercise

The rhythmic variations in the water evaporation rate (gm ² h ¹1 from the dorsal side of the forearm have heen studied. The evaporaition rate is estimated by calculating the difference between the vapour pressures at two distinet points on a line perpendicular to the evaporative surface. Using autocorrelation technique it is found that the evaporation rate is periodie with a period of around 0.7 s. This value is consistent. al rest as well as prior to profuse sweating in exercise. for all the subjects included in the investigation. During profuse swesting the period becomes slightly longer. It is suggested that the variations in the evaporation rate reflect the periodie activity in the sudomotor nerves.     

Administration of local anesthetics to patients with a history of prior adverse reaction

The clinical histories of 71 patients evaluated for suspected local anesthetic (LA) allergy were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical histories were classified into (1) immediate generalized reactions (15%), (2) localized swelling at the injection site (25%), (3) nonspecific systemic symptoms (42%), and (4) other histories (17%). Serial dilutional intradermal skin tests were performed with mepivacaine, lidocaine, and procaine in 59 patients. There were 5 skin test--positive patients found, and each had a positive reaction to an LA to which, by history, they had not reacted. In 50 patients, when an LA was subsequently required, a subcutaneous challenge was performed with an LA chosen for chemical nonsimilarity. No significant reactions were observed in this group. Three patients tolerated a challenge with an LA to which they were skin test--positive. These data indicate (1) the low incidence of reactions compatible with a systemic IgE-mediated mechanism by history in patients referred for evaluation of LA allergy, (2) the lack of specific and clinically relevant information provided by dilutional skin tests, and (3) the apparent safety and usefulness of careful challenge with an alternative LA.     

某些肝病患者外周血单个核细胞天然杀伤(NK)活性的探讨

目前认为,NK细胞可能参与构成机体抗肿瘤生长和病毒感染的第一道防线。对许多恶性肿瘤患者的研究表明,其外周血NK活性低下,且与肿瘤进展和转移有关。但对病毒感染患者NK活性变化研究尚少,结果也不一致。一般认为,乙型病毒性肝炎和肝硬化(LC)可演变成肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)     

Electronic-circuit-design principles for parameter control of i.s.f.e.t.s and related devices

With the development of semiconductor transducers, such as i.s.f.e.t.s and related devices, a new class of transducers has been introduced in which the actual transducer function is integrated with part of the corresponding electronic circuitry. In the paper the transducer is therefore considered as being a new electronic component instead of being seen by the classical approach, in which the transducer and the electronic circuit are simply series connected. This view appears to result in unique possibilities for stabilisation and control of transducer characteristics. This is illustrated in the paper with respect to the effects of internal series resistances and the temperature sensitivity of i.s.f.e.t. devices.     

Evaluation of penicillin hypersensitivity: Value of clinical history and skin testing with penicilloyl-polylysine and penicillin G : A cooperative prospective study of the penicillin study group of the American Academy of Allergy

A multicenter cooperative study of almost 3,000 patients by members of the Penicillin Study Group of the American Academy of Allergy has confirmed the usefulness of skin tests to penicillin G (Pen G) and penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL) in the evaluation of penicillin hypersensitivity. Nineteen percent of 1,718 patients with a history of penicillin allergy had positive skin tests to either or both agents, vs 7% of 1,229 patients with no such history. Among patients with a history of penicillin allergy where a detailed history was available, positive skin tests were noted in 46% with a history of anaphylaxis, 17% with a history of urticaria or angioneurotic edema, and 7% with a history of a maculopapular reaction. PPL Generally gave somewhat higher reaction rates than Pen G, but both skin tests were needed to elicit the maximum number of reactors. After skin tests were completed, 379 patients were challenged with penicillin. Six percent of patients with a positive history had an allergic reaction vs 2% of patients with a negative history. However, 67% of the 9 challenged patients with a positive skin test had an allergic reaction, and half of these were immediate or early systemic reactions. Only 3% of the 346 challenged patients with a negative skin test had a reaction to challenge and only one fourth of these had early reactions thought to be possibly mediated by IgE.     

抗人肝癌导向药物的制备及其分析

本文报道了肝癌单克隆抗体Ａ２４－表阿霉素结合物的制备及其对肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１的体外杀伤作用。先用高碘酸钠把葡聚糖氧化成多醛基葡聚糖，再以此为中介体连接单抗与表阿霉素。结合物中抗体与药物摩尔比为１：４０。单抗活性保存良好。该结合物对肝癌细胞的毒性显著高于游离药物及无关抗体结合物，而对非靶细胞的毒性则明显低于游离药物。说明结合物对肝癌细胞有较强的选择性杀伤作用，有可能用于肝癌导向治疗。     

The effect of combining subtherapeutic concentrations of different ionophorous antibiotics on anticoccidial action in chickens

The mode of action of polyether, ionophorous drugs against Eimeria infections in chickens was studied by feeding subeffective doses of drugs separately and in combination, in comparison with the full dose of each drug. Thus, monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin (50, 35 and 30 ppm, respectively) were compared with a full dose of the same drugs. The combinations of ionophorous antibiotics were as effective in controlling Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina infections as the single antibiotic mixed in the feed at recommended prophylactic concentrations. When intracellular sporozoites of E. tenella were treated with the drugs in vitro, the effects on morphology were similar, regardless of which drug was used.The additive effects of these drugs in the chicken, and their similar effects on intracellular sporozoites suggest that they have a similar mode of action on Eimeria sporozoites, despite differences in ion selectivity.     

Pharmacogenomics and Opioid Use Disorder: Clinical Decision Support in an African American Cohort

Opioid use disorder (OUD) constitutes a significant public health burden as opioid overdose deaths have continued to rise in the United States. Although treatment modalities are available to manage OUD, some patients experience challenges achieving their OUD management goals. Some of these challenges may be attributable to inherited genetic variations, or polymorphisms, on the genes that code for proteins impacting the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of medications used in OUD management. Clinical pharmacogenomics testing can elucidate these polymorphisms; however, a lack of real-world evidence for the use of pharmacogenomics in OUD management complicates the implementation process. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 113 patients undergoing buprenorphine-based OUD management in Northeast Washington D.C. to determine if clinical pharmacogenomics testing for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 would impact treatment outcomes. Data were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR) from December 30, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Study outcomes were based on presence of withdrawal symptoms, instances of unauthorized substances in urine drug tests (UDTs), and sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (SBN) dose with standard-of-care (SOC) dosing versus pharmacogenomics (PGx)-based dosing. Pearson correlation tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and one-way ANOVA tests were used. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess predictors of withdrawal symptomatology. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to assess time to first withdrawal. Our research suggests that patients with at least one copy of the CYP3A4*1B allele exhibit an accelerated rate of metabolism compared to the wild-type allele CYP3A4*1.     

Results of technical and statistical analyses of electroencephalograms with regard to objectivity in clinical diagnosis

In automatic e.e.g. evaluation, relationships between medical, technical and statistical problems must be studied. On the basis of this principle, a technical method of analysis is presented following the visual-manual principles of clinical evaluation of frequency and amplitude. Examples demonstrate the application to clinical e.e.g. curves. The examinations of interval spectra with statistical functions reveals new facts and knowledge as regards the interval structures and the necessity of reconsidering the problem of the clear characterisation of interval spectra with the usual clinical evaluation parameters.     

Prazosin, an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, partially inhibits exercise-induced asthma

The effect of prazosin, a potent and specific alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist given by inhalation (total nebulized 2 mg) was compared with placebo in a double-blind randomized study of 10 atopic asthmatic children. Prazosin significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the severity of post-exercise bronchoconstriction (maximum fall in peak expiratory flow after exercise 21.4% +/- SEM 6.3% after prazosin compared with 42.5% +/- 7.3% after placebo). This protective action of prazosin suggests that activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptor may be involved in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma either by facilitation of mast-cell mediator release or by direct contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Prazosin did not significantly change resting bronchomotor tone or histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, suggesting no effect on bronchial smooth muscle contractility.     

Egg allergy, influenza vaccine, and immunoglobulin E antibody.

In a study of 70 patients with asthma, rhinitis, and eczema, those giving a definite history of allergic reactions to egg more frequently showed positive skin tests to egg extracts (p = less than 0.003), the wheal diameters of which were significantly larger (p = less than 0.01) than in patients with only a possible or no such history. Patients with a definite history of egg allergy had significantly higher levels of specific IgE antibody against egg yolk, egg white, and allantoic fluid than patients in the other two groups (p = less than 0.005). Seven patients, all of whom had given a definite history of allergy to egg, were found to have positive skin prick tests to influenza vaccine, at the concentration used in medical practice. Two of these patients had previously been given influenza vaccine and both had developed adverse reactions. Of the 22 patients giving a definite history of allergy to egg, the 7 (35 per cent) with positive skin tests to influenza vaccine had significantly larger skin tests and higher levels of specific IgE antibody to the egg extracts than the group as a whole (p = less than 0.001). Allergic reactions to influenza vaccine are likely to occur in patients who have a definite history of allergy to egg and large skin prick test reactions or high levels of specific IgE antibody to egg extracts. Those at risk can best be identified by skin prick testing with egg extracts and undiluted influenza vaccine.     

Computer methods for analysing the high-frequency electrocardiogram

The high-frequency electrocardiogram (e.c.g.) is similar to the clinical e.c.g. commonly interpreted by clinicians except that a wider recording bandwidth is used. This extended signal bandwidth permits more information about the cardiac electrical activity to be perceived than can be seen in a clinical e.c.g. The high-frequency data appear as waveform features called notches and slurs. The notches have been correlated with coronary heart disease by several investigators. Most of the work in high-frequency electrocardiography has been done by manual techniques with minimal automation of the signal analysis. The purpose of this project was to develop computer algorithms for the automatic recognition and characterisation of notch parameters. Investigations in this study were conducted in both the time and frequency domains using digital filtering and fast Fourier transform techniques. Methods for notch recognition and quantification by computers were evaluated.     

Analogue preprocessor for the measurement by a digital computer of R-R intervals and R wave widths

The circuitry is presented for an analogue preprocessor to measure R-R intervals and R wave widths from an analogue e.c.g. signal in conjunction with a digital computer. The circuit will handle both positive- and negative-going R waves, and will cope with e.c.g. baseline shifts due to respiration. Examples are given of the use of the preprocessor and its associated computer programs.