High blood pressure-lowering and vasoprotective effects of milk products in experimental hypertension

Milk casein-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory tripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline (Ile-Pro-Pro) and valine-proline-proline (Val-Pro-Pro) have been shown to have antihypertensive effects in human subjects and to attenuate the development of hypertension in experimental models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a fermented milk product containing Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro and plant sterols on already established hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and aortic gene expression. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 195 mmHg were given either active milk (tripeptides and plant sterols), milk or water ad libitum for 6 weeks. SBP was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method. The endothelial function of mesenteric arteries was investigated at the end of the study. Aortas were collected for DNA microarray study (Affymetrix Rat Gene 1.0 ST Array). The main finding was that active milk decreased SBP by 16 mmHg compared with water (178 (SEM 3) v. 195 (SEM 3) mmHg; P < 0.001). Milk also had an antihypertensive effect. Active milk improved mesenteric artery endothelial dysfunction by NO-dependent and endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor-dependent mechanisms. Treatment with active milk caused mild changes in aortic gene expression; twenty-seven genes were up-regulated and eighty-two down-regulated. Using the criteria for fold change (fc) < 0.833 or > 1.2 and P < 0.05, the most affected (down-regulated) signalling pathways were hedgehog, chemokine and leucocyte transendothelial migration pathways. ACE expression was also slightly decreased (fc 0.86; P = 0.047). In conclusion, long-term treatment with fermented milk enriched with tripeptides and plant sterols decreases SBP, improves endothelial dysfunction and affects signalling pathways related to inflammatory responses in SHR.     

Short-term effects of glucosyl hesperidin and hesperetin on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Glucosyl hesperidin (G-hesperidin) is a water-soluble derivative of hesperidin. In the present study, the short-term effects of G-hesperidin and hesperetin, a putative metabolite of G-hesperidin, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were investigated. Single oral administration of G-hesperidin (10 to 50 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR, but had no effects in WKY. Intraperitoneal injection of hesperetin (50 mg/kg) into SHR also caused a significant reduction in SBP. The depressor effect was significantly inhibited by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Moreover, hesperetin (10(-5) M) enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine, but had no effect on endothelium-independent relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside in isolated aortas from SHR. These data suggest that the hypotensive effect of hesperetin in SHR is associated with nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation. Therefore, this effect may be involved in the mechanisms by which G-hesperidin lowers blood pressure in hypertension.     

Palm oil tocotrienol fractions restore endothelium dependent relaxation in aortic rings of streptozotocin-induced diabetic and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Diabetes and hypertension are closely associated with impaired endothelial function. Studies have demonstrated that regular consumption of edible palm oil may reverse endothelial dysfunction. The present study investigates the effect of palm oil fractions: tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF), α-tocopherol and refined palm olein (vitamin E–free fraction) on the vascular relaxation responses in the aortic rings of streptozotocin-induced diabetic and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We hypothesize that the TRF and α-tocopherol fractions are able to improve endothelial function in both diabetic and hypertensive rat aortic tissue. A 1,1-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl assay was performed on the various palm oil fractions to evaluate their antioxidant activities. Endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) relaxations were examined on streptozotocin-induced diabetic and SHR rat aorta following preincubation with the different fractions. In 1-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl antioxidant assay, TRF and α-tocopherol fractions exhibited a similar degree of activity while palm olein exhibited poor activity. TRF and α-tocopherol significantly improved acetylcholine-induced relaxations in both diabetic (TRF, 88.5% ± 4.5%; α-tocopherol, 87.4% ± 3.4%; vehicle, 65.0 ± 1.6%) and SHR aorta (TRF, 72.1% ± 7.9%; α-tocopherol, 69.8% ± 4.0%, vehicle, 51.1% ± 4.7%), while palm olein exhibited no observable effect. These results suggest that TRF and α-tocopherol fractions possess potent antioxidant activities and provide further support to the cardiovascular protective effects of palm oil vitamin E. TRF and α-tocopherol may potentially improve vascular endothelial function in diabetes and hypertension by their sparing effect on endothelium derived nitric oxide bioavailability.     

Acanthopanax divaricatus var. chiisanensis reduces blood pressure via the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model

In this study, we investigated the antihypertensive effects of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. chiisanensis extract (AE) and its active compound, acanthoside D (AD), on arterial blood pressure (BP) in vivo and endothelial function in vitro. We hypothesized that AE has antihypertensive effects, which is attributed to enhancement of endothelial function via the improvement of nitric oxide synthesis or the angiotensin II (Ang II) response. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) were randomly divided into 7 groups and then fed the following diets for 14 weeks: WKY fed a normal diet (WN); SHR fed a normal diet (SN); SHR fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet (SH); SHR fed a HC diet with AE of 150, 300, 600 mg/kg body weight (SH-L, SH-M, SH-H); and SHR fed an HC diet with AD of 600 μg/kg body weight (SH-D). Blood pressure was significantly reduced in the SH-H compared with the SH from week 10 until week 14; BP was also significantly decreased in the SHR fed a HC diet with AE of 300 at week 14. Aortic wall thickness showed a tendency to decrease by AE and AD treatment. The SH-H showed increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the intima and media, compared with the SH. Furthermore, a significant increase in intracellular nitric oxide production was induced by AE and AD treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. A significant increase of phospho-eNOS was found with a high dose of AE in human umbilical vein endothelial cells but not with AD. These results suggest that AE can regulate BP and improve endothelial function via eNOS-dependent vasodilation.     

Dehulled Adlay Consumption Modulates Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Overweight and Obese Young Adults

High blood pressure is a crucial risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, and a diet rich in whole-grain foods may modulate blood pressure. This study investigated the effects of dehulled adlay consumption on blood pressure in vivo. We initially fed spontaneous hypertensive rats diets without (SHR group) or with 12 or 24% dehulled adlay (SHR + LA and SHR + HA groups), and discovered that it could limit blood pressure increases over a 12-week experimental period. Although we found no significant changes in plasma, heart, and kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, both adlay-consuming groups had lower endothelin-1 and creatinine concentrations than the SHR group; the SHR + HA group also had lower aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid levels than the SHR group did. We later recruited 23 participants with overweight and obesity, and they consumed 60 g of dehulled adlay daily for a six-week experimental period. At the end of the study, we observed a significant decrease in the group’s systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the change in SBP was even more evident in participants with high baseline SBP. In conclusion, our results suggested that daily intake of dehulled adlay had beneficial effects in blood-pressure management. Future studies may further clarify the possible underlying mechanisms for the consuming of dehulled adlay as a beneficial dietary approach for people at risk of hypertension.     

Argan (Argania spinosa) oil lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Traditionally hand-pressed argan oil, obtained from Argania spinosa seeds, is eaten raw in south-west Morocco; its rich composition of tocopherols, MUFA and PUFA make a study of its actions on risk factors for CVD, such as hypertension, interesting. The effects of 7 weeks of treatment with argan oil (10 ml/kg) on the blood pressure and endothelial function of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were investigated. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured every week by the tail-cuff method and endothelial function was assessed by carbachol (10(-8) to 10(-4) M)-induced relaxations of aortic rings and small mesenteric arteries pre-contracted with phenylephrine. Argan-oil administration reduced the mean blood pressure of SHR after the fifth week of treatment (P<0.05) and increased (P<0.01) the endothelial responses of arteries from SHR. The NO synthase inhibitor, L-N-omega-nitroarginine (3 x 10(-5) M) revealed a greater participation of NO in the relaxant effect after the treatment. When cyclooxygenase (COX) was blocked with indomethacin (10(-5) M), an involvement of COX products in the endothelium-dependent response was characterized. Enzyme immunoassay of thromboxane B2 showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the release of thromboxane A2 in both aorta and small mesenteric artery after argan-oil treatment of SHR. Experiments in the presence of the thromboxane A2-prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist ICI 192,605 (10(-5) M) confirmed this result. Results after incubation with the antioxidants superoxide dismutase and catalase suggested that a decreased oxidative stress might contribute to explain the beneficial effects of argan-oil treatment.     

Antihypertensive effects of Gynura procumbens extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Aqueous extracts of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. were orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats for 4 weeks, and antihypertensive effects were determined. Oral administration of 500 mg/kg of G. procumbens (Lour.) Merr. extract (GPE) resulted in significantly lower blood pressure in SHR rats compared with SHR rats not given GPE (P < .05). Furthermore, GPE-administered rats had significantly lower serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphate kinase, and increased nitric oxide (NO), a known vasodilator, compared with the non-GPE-administered SHR group (P < .05). These results suggest that oral administration of aqueous GPE may be useful for prevention and treatment of hypertension through increasing NO production in blood vessels.     

红曲降血压作用的研究

为观察红曲对高血压模型大鼠收缩压的影响 ,每日经口给予自发高血压大鼠 (SHR)、肾血管型高血压大鼠 (RHR)、DOCA 盐型高血压大鼠 (DHR) 0 0、0 4、0 8、1 2g kgBW红曲 3～ 4周 ,每周测量收缩压(SBP)一次。结果显示 ,红曲能够降低SHR、DOCA -盐型高血压大鼠的血压 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对RHR的降血压作用不明显 ,其中对DOCA 盐型高血压大鼠的降血压作用强于SHR     

一氧化氮合酶基因G894T变异与高血压病关系的研究

目的：探讨内皮型一氧化氮酶（eNOS）基因第7外显示G894T变异（Glu298Asp）与高血压病的关系。方法：以人群中筛检出的，未经药物治疗的116例高血压病患者及136名血压正常者为研究对象，运用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（PCR－RFLP）检测G894T变异。结果：G894T变异与高血压病显著相关，894T等位基因频率高血压病组显著高于血压正常组（16．0％：8．8％，P＝0．019），OR＝1．96，95％CI：1．14－3．37。在病例组，对照组及两组合计中，G894T变异基因型的收缩压及舒张压水平皆显著升高（P＜0．05）。用多元协方差分析调整年龄，性别、吸烟，饮酒，体重指数，甘油三酯，总胆固醇，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇后，在病例与对照合计中，G894T变异基因型对收缩压及舒张压水平仍具有正显著影响（P＜0．01）。结论：eNOS基因第7外显子G894T变异可能是该研究人群中高血压病发病的重要危险因素之一。     

Effect of Powdered Fermented Milk with Lactobacillus helveticus on Subjects with High-Normal Blood Pressure or Mild Hypertension

Objective: Two tripeptides (Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro) that have inhibitory activities for angiotensin I-converting enzyme are produced in milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus. In this study we evaluated the effect and safety of powdered fermented milk with L. helveticus CM4 on subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.

Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted using 40 subjects with high-normal blood pressure (HN group) and 40 subjects with mild hypertension (MH group). Each subject ingested 6 test tablets (12 g) containing powdered fermented milk with L. helveticus CM4 daily for 4 weeks (test group) or the same amount of placebo tablets for 4 weeks (placebo group).

Results: During treatment, the decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the test group tended to be greater than in the placebo group for both blood pressure groups. At the end of treatment (week 4), a significant decrease in DBP in the HN group was observed (i.e. 5.0 mm Hg (0.1, 9.9; p = 0.04) compared with the placebo group). There was no significant change in SBP (3.2 mm Hg (95% CI ?2.6, 8.9; p = 0.27). In the MH group, SBP decreased by 11.2 mm Hg (4.0, 18.4; p = 0.003) and there was a statistically non-significant decrease in DBP of 6.5 mm Hg (?0.1, 13.0; p = 0.055) compared with the placebo group. No marked changes were observed in other indexes, including pulse rate, body weight and blood serum variables, and no adverse effects attributed to the treatment was found in each group.

Conclusions: Daily ingestion of the tablets containing powdered fermented milk with L. helveticus CM4 in subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension reduces elevated blood pressure without any adverse effects.     

Diets containing blueberry extract lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats

Oxidative stress in the vasculature and kidneys contributes to hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Blueberries (BB) are rich in antioxidants, and so we hypothesized that feeding diets enriched with BB would slow the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP). Eight-week-old normotensive rats and SHRSP were fed either a control diet (Con) or a diet enriched with 3% freeze-dried BB for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at weeks 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 by the tail cuff method, and urine was collected at weeks 4 and 8. The SBP was elevated in SHRSP relative to normotensive rats over the entire 8-week feeding period. In SHRSP consuming BB, SBP was 19% lower at week 4 and 30% lower at week 6, relative to SHRSP on Con. Maximum SBP was 216 ± 11 mm Hg in SHRSP consuming Con vs 178 ± 15 mm Hg in the BB-fed group (P = .036). Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats had elevated levels of urine F2-isoprostanes/creatinine relative to normotensive rats, indicating systemic oxidative stress in this strain. Blueberry feeding had no effect on urinary excretion of F2-isoprostanes; therefore, it is unlikely that a systemic antioxidant effect of BB is responsible for the antihypertensive effects at weeks 4 and 6. Blueberry-fed rats had reduced markers of renal oxidative stress, such as proteinuria and kidney nitrites. Thus, a 3% BB diet may be capable of protecting the kidneys from oxidative damage in SHRSP, thereby reducing the magnitude of hypertension.     

Effect of casein, casein phosphopeptides and calcium intake on ileal 45Ca disappearance and temporal systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Paracellular 45Ca absorption and temporal systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were recorded in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed on casein (C) and soya-bean-protein isolate (S) diets, containing 20 (H), 5 (H) and 0.5 (L) g Ca/kg. Similar measurements were also taken in SHR rats only fed on C-M and S-M diets supplemented with 30 g caseinophosphopeptides (CPP)/kg. Absorption of 45Ca from the ileal loop was equivalent in both SHR and WKY animals and largely affected by the level of dietary Ca. In addition, animals fed on C diets exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) greater ileal absorption of 45Ca compared with S-fed animals. This result was attributed to the presence of CPP and a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of soluble 45Ca in the contents of the ileum. Animals fed on S diets supplemented with CPP confirmed this finding. The SBP of SHR rats was higher (P < 0.01) than WKY controls after 9-10 weeks of age. The temporal pattern of observed hypertension was independent of dietary influence in the SHR. The severity of hypertension in SHR rats was affected only by dietary Ca deficiency, and not by Ca supplementation or CPP enhancement of Ca bioavailability. These findings suggest that tryptic digestion products of casein in milk can enhance Ca bioavailability by increasing Ca solubility; however, this action had no effect in reducing hypertension in SHR.     

Pet ownership and blood pressure in old age

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that pet ownership improves cardiovascular health. This study examines the relation of pet ownership with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and hypertension in a large sample of older men and women. METHODS: Participants were 1179 community-dwelling men (n = 498) and women (n = 681) age 50-95 years. Participants responded to a 1991-1992 mailed questionnaire ascertaining pet ownership, and they attended a 1992-1996 clinic visit at which systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured and use of antihypertensive medication was validated. Pulse pressure was calculated as SBP minus DBP. Mean arterial pressure was calculated as (SBP+DBP)/2. Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and information on other potential confounders were obtained. RESULTS: Average age of participants was 70.4 +/- 10.8 years; 30.0% reported current pet ownership. Mean SBP was 137.5 +/- 21.4 mm Hg, and DBP was 76.1 +/- 9.3 mm Hg; 55.6% were hypertensive (SBP >or= 140, DBP >or= 90 or taking hypertension medication). Pet owners were younger and slightly more overweight and they exercised less than nonowners; owners were somewhat more likely to have diabetes and to use beta-blockers. In unadjusted analyses, pet owners had lower SBP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure, and a reduced risk of hypertension (odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval = 0.49-0.80). However, after adjustment for age and other confounders, pet ownership was not associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure or risk of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that pet ownership is not independently associated with blood pressure, vascular reactivity, or hypertension.     

Knowledge,treatment and control of hypertension. Results of a multicenter study of patients hospitalized for cardiac ischemia

The study objective was to assess the prevalence, level of treatment, and control of hypertension in CHDs patients. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on 1109 patients hospitalised for a first episode of MI in the main hospitals of the District of Tunis during the period 1999-2000. Hypertension and control level are defined according to the JNC recommendations. HBP is defined as SBP > = 140 and or DBP > = 90 mm Hg and the use of blood pressure-lowering medication for the indication of hypertension. Hypertension is controlled by medication if SBP < 140 and DBP < 90 mm Hg. We conduct analysis by socio demographic variables, medical history and CHDs risk factors. 54.9% men and 72.1% women were hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension increases with age in both genders. The logistic regression have shown that the age-adjusted odds ratios were statically significant for diabetes, obesity, high cholestrolemia and cigarettes smoking. Only 68.9% of the hypertensive were aware of having hypertension, women were more aware than men (84.6% versus 61.7%, p < 0.001). Awareness increase with age and education level. Among hypertensive, 94.4% were treated but only 41.3% were controlled. The study highlights the problem of the hypertension, and contributes to identify the iceberg of this CHDs risk factor. An effort must be done to involve the health personnel for educating patients, the population for changing their life style and manager for enhancing the availability of drugs. The question is how much will be the cost of HBP and CVDs control for a country which has a limited resources.     

上海市社区老年高血压患者血压水平影响因素的多水平分析

目的 应用多水平分析模型分析社区老年高血压患者血压水平的影响因素.方法 通过多阶段随机抽样,抽取上海市23个社区的927例老年高血压患者作为研究对象,采用两水平线性多层模型分别分析社区老年高血压患者收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)的影响因素.结果 研究对象的平均血压水平为SBP(139.2±11.7)mm Hg、DBP(85.6±8.6)mm Hg(I mm Hg=0.133 kPa).在社区水平上,辖区高血压患者/站点医师数(医患比)"高"的社区较医患比"低"的社区患者的SBP低3.86 mm Hg、DBP低2.51 mm Hg.在个体水平上,年龄、性别、超重/肥胖是血压升高的危险因素;规律服药、限盐、疾病管理自我效能的提高可降低血压,特别是在控制其他影响因素后仅限盐1项就可降低SBP 2.44 mm Hg、DBP 2.03 mm Hg.结论 多水平分析模型可以灵活有效地处理具有层次结构的数据,社区因素和个体因素对老年高血压患者的血压水平均有影响.     

Antihypertensive action of d,l-alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate in rats.

The effects of d,l-alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate (EN) on model hypertension in rats were studied in comparison with d,l-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (EA). The progress of hypertension in young SHR during the 9th to 15th weeks after birth was markedly accelerated by replacing their driking water with 1% saline. The highly-developed hypertension in old SHR (9 months of age) was further advanced by salt-loading. Oral administration of 20 or 100 mg/kg of EN or 88 mg/kg of EA, once a day, delayed the progress of hypertension in young SHR and reduced advanced hypertension in old SHR. An antihypertensive effect of tocopheryl esters was also found in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. The treatment with EN or EA definitely reduced the incidence of pathological changes accompanying model hypertension such as suppressed weight gain, pulmonary edema, myocardial fibrosis, cerebral hemorrhage and protected the animals from death. In antihypertensive effect, EN was about 5 times more active than EA in molecular base, and the effects of EN protecting from pathological changes associated with model hypertension were more definite than those of EA. The treatment with EN or EA reduced water and sodium retention in the DOCA-salt hypertensive animals. This fact may suggest the implication of a mechanism through electrolyte metabolism in the antihypertensive action of these tocopheryl esters.     

Acute,quercetin-induced reductions in blood pressure in hypertensive individuals are not secondary to lower plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or endothelin-1: nitric oxide

Quercetin (Q) reduces blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive individuals, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that acute Q aglycone administration reduces BP in hypertensive men by decreasing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and/or by lowering the ratio of circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) to nitric oxide and that these alterations will improve endothelial function. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design Q or placebo (P) was administered to normotensive men (n = 5; 24 ± 3 years; 24 ± 4 kg/m²) and stage 1 hypertensive men (n = 12; 41 ± 12 years; 29 ± 5 kg/m²). As anticipated, ingesting 1095 mg Q did not affect BP in normotensive men but resulted in maximal plasma Q (2.3 ± 1.8 μmol/L) at approximately 10 hours, with Q returning to baseline concentrations (0.4 ± 0.08 μmol/L) by approximately 17 hours. Results from this study provided rationale for determining end-points of interest in stage 1 hypertensive men 10 hours after ingesting Q or P. In stage 1 hypertensive individuals, plasma Q increased(0.6 ± 0.4 vs. 0.05 ± 0.02 μmol/L), and mean BP decreased (103 ± 7 vs 108 ± 7 mm Hg; both P < .05) 10 hours after Q vs P, respectively. Plasma ACE activity (16 ± 10 vs 18 ± 10 U/L), ET-1 (1.6 ± 0.9 vs 1.6 ± 0.8 pg/ml), nitrites (57.0 ± 3.0 vs 56.7 ± 2.6 μmol/L), and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (6.2 ± 2.9 vs. 6.3 ± 3.2%) were unaffected by Q. A single dose of Q aglycone reduces BP in hypertensive men through a mechanism that is independent of changes in ACE activity, ET-1, or nitric oxide bioavailability and without affecting vascular reactivity.     

探讨综合防治健康管理模式对社区高血压患者治疗的效果

目的探讨综合防治健康管理模式对社区高血压患者治疗的效果。方法对苏州市二个社区的居民进行个人健康信息调查和健康检查,筛出高血压患者及其危险因素。将高血压患者随机分成两组,各63例。一组为管理组,即采用综合防治健康管理模式,行饮食和运动量化管理,并达到有效运动和能量平衡,在采用上述于预措施的同时合理用药;另一组为对照,采用常规治疗。管理一年后,对比分析两组的观察指标,刚SPSS11．5统计软件包进行分析,评价效果。结果综合防治健康管理组有效地控制了高m压及其他危险冈素,收缩压均值为（130．06±17．51）mmHg,舒张压均值为（81．81±8．75）nqmHg,对照组收缩压均值为（141．87±22．93）mmHg;舒张压均值为（86．00±11．47）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,P〈0．05;管理组降高血压的相关药品费用降低。而对照组血压未有效控制,其他多项危险因素朱见明显改善,药费未见减少。结论综合防治健康管理模式对高血压的预防控制的效果明显优于以药物为主的一般治疗模式。     

适量白酒对自发性高血压大鼠血压及血管内皮功能影响的研究

目的 研究适量白酒对自发性高血压大鼠的血压及血管内皮功能的影响。方法 48只自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)随机分为4组(12只/组):空白对照组、剂量①组[0.9ml/(kg·d)]、剂量②组[1.1ml/(kg·d)]、剂量③组[2.2ml/(kg·d)]。空白对照组给予2.2ml/(kg·d)纯水灌胃,各剂量组给予48°浓香型白酒灌胃。用无创套尾法测量大鼠血压,连续灌胃8周后采用酶联免疫吸附法测定SHR血清中内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)、一氧化氮(NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)含量。结果 连续灌胃8周后与空白对照组比较,各剂量组大鼠血压无统计学差异(P>0.05);剂量②、③组ET、hs-CRP含量降低(P<0.05),剂量②组iNOS水平降低(P<0.05),各组Ang-Ⅱ、NO、eNOS水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 适量白酒对SHR血压无直接的显著影响,但可降低其ET、hs-CRP和iNOS含量。     

Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: its potential role in nitric oxide generation

OBJECTIVES: Arginine is converted in the endothelial cells to nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline. NO is a potent vasodilator in humans, but diabetics may have a reduced generation of NO which results in endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral arginine on nitric oxide production, counter-regulatory hormones and blood pressure in mildly hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A prospective, crossover clinical trial was performed over a three-day stay in the General Clinical Research Center. Six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension consented and were given orally three grams of arginine per hour for 10 hours on either day 2 or day 3. On both days 2 and 3, blood pressure was monitored between 5 AM and 4 PM and mean pressure determined. RESULTS: Oral arginine increased plasma citrulline from 31.3 +/- 6.0 to 41.5 +/- 6.0 micro mol/L (mean +/- SEM; p < 0.05) which may reflect an increased conversion of arginine into NO and citrulline. Arginine reduced systolic BP from 135 +/- 7 to 123 +/- 8 mmHg; p < 0.05. Diastolic BP fell from 86.9 +/- 1.7 to 80.7 +/- 2.4 mmHg; p < 0.05). The reduction in BP was noted to occur two hours after starting oral arginine, and BP returned to normal within one hour of stopping the arginine. The oral arginine had no effect on C-peptide, insulin or other hormone concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that oral arginine may increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to increase vascular NO and temporally reduce blood pressure in mildly hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.