不同微创内固定治疗骨盆前环骨折的疗效比较

目的：比较前柱螺钉、钢板和钉棒系统3种方式微创固定治疗骨盆前环骨折的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析自2015年12月至2018年9月收治并获得完整随访的77例骨盆前环骨折患者,男45例,女32例,年龄19~73岁。按AO/OTA分型：B1型26例,B2型20例,B3型17例,C型14例。根据内固定方式不同分3组：前柱螺钉组35例,采用前柱螺钉内固定;钢板组20例,采用钢板内固定;钉棒系统组22例,采用钉棒系统内固定。比较3组患者的手术时间、术中透视次数、术中出血量、骨折复位质量、并发症发生情况及疗效等。结果：77例患者均获得随访,时间12~33（16.5±5.7）个月。前柱螺钉组手术时间、术中出血量及手术切口长度明显小于钢板组和钉棒系统组,钢板组术中透视次数明显少于前柱螺钉组和钉棒系统组（P<0.05）。3组患者术后骨折复位质量和疗效评价比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组并发症发生比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。。结论：前柱螺钉、钢板和钉棒系统微创内固定治疗骨盆前环骨折均可获得良好的临床疗效,但是前柱螺钉固定创伤更小、手术并发症发生率更低。     

动力髋螺钉加防旋螺钉与3枚空心螺钉治疗股骨颈粉碎性骨折的疗效比较

目的:比较3枚空心螺钉与动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)加防旋螺钉治疗股骨颈粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.方法:自2008年1 月至 2012年12月,治疗股骨颈粉碎性骨折67例,根据不同内固定方式分为两组,其中36例采用DHS加防旋螺钉固定治疗(DHS组),男24例,女 12 例,年 龄22~58岁,平均43.7岁;31例采用3枚空心螺钉固定治疗(空心钉组),男22例,女9例,年 龄24~56岁,平均43.0岁.观察并比较两组患者切口大小、手术时间、术中出血量、输血率、术后住院时间、下地行走与患肢负重时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率,采用髋关节Harris 评分对两组患者的功能进行比较.结果:两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合.两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率及术后住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).切口长度:DHS组(5.00±0.86) cm,空心钉组(3.30±0.57) cm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).所有患者获1年以上随访,两组随访时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后下地行走时间:DHS组为(19.0±3.5) d,空心钉组为(37.0±6.3) d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).患肢部分负重时间和完全负重时间:DHS组分别为术后(23.0±7.0) d、(138.0±13.0) d,空心钉组分别为术后(38.0±5.7) d、(164.0±12.0) d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).骨折愈合时间:DHS组为(151±11) d,空心钉组为(162±11) d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).末次随访时髋关节Harris 评分:DHS组为(91.0±5.7)分;空心钉组为(85.0±12.0)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).两组术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:对于股骨颈粉碎性骨折的治疗,DHS 联合防旋螺钉优于3枚空心螺钉固定,具有术后患肢负重更早,骨折愈合更快,髋关节功能更好的优点.     

F形空心钉与传统3枚平行钉治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的:分析比较"F"形空心钉与传统倒三角3枚平行螺钉内固定治疗青壮年Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法：2017年1月至2020年1月收治Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折患者38例，根据置入钉方式的不同将其分为两组，其中A组18例，采用"F"形空心钉固定，男12例，女6例，年龄37~55岁，受伤至手术时间1~3 d。B组20例，采用传统倒三角3枚平行拉力螺钉固定，男12例，女8例，年龄35~55岁，受伤至手术时间为1~3 d。比较两组患者骨折不愈合，股骨头坏死，股骨颈短缩，空心螺钉退出情况，髋关节功能Harris评分，疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）。结果：所有患者获得随访，时间为15~31个月。两组患者在骨折不愈合，股骨颈短缩，股骨头坏死方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组患者在螺钉退出方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者术后12个月时髋关节Harris评分及VAS评分差异均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论："F"形与传统倒三角3枚平行空心钉内固定治疗青壮年Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折中短期疗效相似，但"F"形空心钉退钉率较低。     

软骨下阻挡技术联合钢板螺钉双平面固定治疗复杂髋臼后壁骨折

目的: 探讨软骨下阻挡技术联合钢板螺钉双平面固定治疗复杂髋臼后壁骨折的临床疗效。方法: 2015年7月至2019年12月共收治髋臼后壁骨折47例,依据内固定技术方法不同分为对照组23例(单纯外侧钢板螺钉支撑外围阻挡固定)和研究组24例(软骨下阻挡技术联合外侧钢板螺钉支撑双平面固定)。对照组中男15例,女8例,年龄18~68(40.9±7.2)岁,术前准备4~13(7.9±1.5) d。研究组中男14例,女10例,年龄20~71(41.7±7.9)岁,术前准备4~12(7.5±1.9) d。两组均采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路且获得至少1年随访。观察比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后骨折复位质量、术后1年的髋关节改良Merle D''Aubigne-Postel评分及术后并发症发生率等。结果: 两组患者术后均获得至少1年的随访。术后1年研究组患者髋关节功能改良Merle D''Aubigne-Postel评分(16.042±1.517)分,高于对照组(14.696±1.222)分(P<0.05)。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年两组患者Matta骨折复位质量评价结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: 应用软骨下阻挡技术联合钢板螺钉双平面固定技术治疗复杂髋臼后壁骨折,术后并发症发生率更低,术后髋关节功能恢复更好,临床疗效满意。     

不同直径空心钉闭合复位内固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的:比较两种直径空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效差异.方法:2008年6月至2013年6月,采用闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗117例青壮年股骨颈骨折患者,分别使用6.5 mm空心钉和8.0 mm空心钉,其中6.5 mm组48例,年龄19~60岁,平均(45.61±11.99)岁,男30例,女18例,Garden Ⅰ/Ⅱ型17例,Garden Ⅲ/Ⅳ型31例;8.0 mm组69例,年龄18~60岁,平均(45.17±9.95)岁,男40例,女29例,Garden Ⅰ/Ⅱ型31例,Garden Ⅲ/Ⅳ型38例.记录并比较分析两组病例的一般资料、手术时间、住院时间、复位质量、股骨颈头颈部直径、骨折愈合时间、骨折愈合率、术后并发症情况,术后髋关节功能评分采用Harris评分.结果:两组患者均获随访,时间18~24个月,平均19.6个月.两组病例的手术时间、住院时间、复位质量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组病例的股骨颈头颈部平均直径、骨折愈合时间、骨折愈合率、术后并发症差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组病例术后髋关节功能Harris评分均较好,疗效显着.Garden Ⅲ/Ⅳ型股骨头坏死发生率高于Garden Ⅰ/Ⅱ型,差异有统计学意义.结论:对于青壮年的股骨颈骨折,闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗是首选的手术方法,两种不同直径空心钉闭合复位内固定治疗股骨颈骨折时不会影响骨折愈合的时间及术后并发症的发生.     

加长PFNA联合MIPPO钢板重建外侧壁治疗AO-A3.3型股骨转子间骨折的疗效分析

目的: 比较加长型股骨近端带螺旋刀片髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)联合微创经皮钢板固定技术(minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO)与普通PFNA治疗AO-A3.3 型转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法: 对2015年1月至2020年4月收治的58例AO-A3.3 型股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料进行回顾分析,其中27例采用加长PFNA+MIPPO钢板重建外侧壁(A组),31例采用闭合复位PFNA固定(B组)。观察比较两组患者术中出血量,手术时间,术后2 d、6个月股骨颈长度和顶尖距(tip apex distance,TAD),骨折愈合时间,术后并发症。术后10个月采用Harris评分对髋关节功能进行评价。结果: 所有患者获得随访,时间12~28个月,术后切口愈合良好。A组患者术中出血量、手术时间均明显多于B组(P<0.05),骨折愈合时间明显少于B组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后2 d股骨颈长度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者术后6个月股骨颈长度均较术后2 d缩短(P<0.05),且B组术后6个月股骨颈缩短较A组明显(P<0.05)。术后2 d、6个月 TAD值组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术后2 d与术后6个月TAD值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组并发症发生率高于A组(P<0.05)。术后10个月A组髋关节Harris各项评分及总分均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论: 加长PFNA联合 MIPPO小钢板重建外侧壁固定,相比较单纯闭合复位PFNA固定治疗AO-A3.3型股骨转子间骨折,虽然手术时间及术中出血量增加,但术后促进骨折愈合,患者功能恢复更好,并发症显著减少。     

关节镜下PDS线引导Orthocord线固定与空心螺钉固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的疗效对比

目的 比较经关节镜PDS线引导Orthocord线固定与空心螺钉固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的疗效。方法 收集2017年4月至2019年10月武汉市蔡甸区人民医院骨科手术治疗的胫骨髁间棘骨折病人48例,将经关节镜PDS线引导Orthocord线固定的26例病人纳入缝线固定组,空心螺钉固定治疗的22例病人纳入螺钉固定组。记录两组手术时间、功能锻炼开始时间、骨折愈合时间;术前、术后1个月和6个月,采用膝关节活动度、抽屉试验和Lachman试验阳性比例和膝关节Lysholm评分估计病人膝关节功能恢复情况。结果 缝线固定组手术时间长于螺钉固定组,功能锻炼开始时间早于螺钉固定组,术后1个月的膝关节活动度、阳性比例和Lysholm评分均优于螺钉组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。两组骨折愈合时间和术后6个月膝关节功能比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论 两种手术方式均可获得满意的疗效,但缝线固定组可早期功能锻炼,更适合粉碎性骨折,避免二次手术取出内固定,可行磁共振检查,有一定的临床应用价值。     

骨盆前环皮下内固定支架与微创经皮钢板内固定治疗骨盆前环骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较前环皮下内固定支架（INFIX）和微创经皮钢板内固定（MIPPO）治疗骨盆前环骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年7月至2020年5月我院收治且符合标准的48例不稳定型骨盆骨折病人的临床资料,其中INFIX组22例,MIPPO组26例。INFIX组,男15例,女7例,年龄为（36.89±11.12）岁（21~58岁）。MIPPO组,男17例,女9例,年龄为（43.70±17.66）岁（21~71岁）。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折复位质量（Matta标准）、骨折愈合时间、骨折术后功能恢复情况（Majeed评分系统）,并记录并发症。结果 两组均获得随访,随访时间为5~17个月,平均为13个月。INFIX组手术时间[（75.41±15.25） min]低于MIPPO组[（85.62±17.92） min],差异无统计学意义（t=-5.154,P=0.101）;INFIX组术中出血量[（30.27±7.67） mL]明显低于MIPPO组[（111.15±24.30） mL],差异有统计学意义（t=-14.971,P=0.006）;两组负重时间[（16.00±2.06）周vs.（15.94±2.32）周]、Majeed评分[（81.90±7.73）分vs.（83.44±3.54）分]、骨折复位优良率[81.8% vs.84.6%]比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）,但MIPPO组能够达到更好的解剖复位。INFIX组1例病人出现股外侧皮神经损伤,两组病人未出现内固定失败情况。结论 治疗骨盆前环骨折,INFIX具有出血少、手术创伤小等优点,钢板能够达到更好的解剖复位,两组具有相似的术后功能恢复情况。可根据术者经验和病人具体情况选择适宜的固定方式。     

解剖型锁定加压钩钢板与BOLD螺钉内固定治疗第五跖骨近端Lawrence-Botte Ⅰ/Ⅱ区骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较解剖型锁定加压钩钢板（anatomical locking compression hook plate,ALCHP）与BOLD螺钉内固定治疗第五跖骨近端Lawrence-Botte Ⅰ/Ⅱ区骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月在我院行手术内固定的59例第五跖骨近端Lawrence-Botte Ⅰ/Ⅱ区骨折病人,依骨折内固定方式分为ALCHP组（25例）与BOLD螺钉组（34例）。记录病人一般资料、手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、随访时间,术后3个月、6个月及末次随访时的美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统评分,记录随访过程中并发症情况。结果 两组病人手术均顺利完成,ALCHP组手术时间长于BOLD组[（43.8±9.2） min vs. （35.6±7.5） min]（P＜0.05）,两组术中出血量的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。所有病人均获得随访,两组随访时间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。随访过程中骨折均愈合,两组骨折愈合时间[（9.9±1.5）周 vs. （10.7±3.1）周]的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后ALCHP组1例出现伤口周缘红肿,BOLD螺钉组2例出现螺钉松动伴轻微退钉,未影响骨折愈合,无内植物感染、腓肠神经分支损伤发生。术后3个月,ALCHP组AOFAS评分优于BOLD螺钉组（P＜0.05）,术后6个月及末次随访两组AOFAS评分的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 ALCHP与BOLD螺钉均可有效固定第五跖骨近端Lawrence-Botte Ⅰ/Ⅱ区骨折,获得良好功能恢复。两种内固定方式在手术并发症、远期功能恢复上无差异,但ALCHP属坚强固定,更有利于术后早期功能恢复。     

术中滑轨CT辅助在经皮骶髂关节螺钉治疗骨盆后环损伤中的应用

目的：比较术中滑轨CT联合C形臂X线机辅助与单纯使用C形臂X线机辅助透视下经皮骶髂关节螺钉治疗骨盆后环损伤临床疗效。方法：自2018年12月至2022年2月收治76例骨盆后环损伤患者,其中,C形臂联合滑轨CT辅助下行内固定治疗39例为CT组,男23例,女16例,年龄(44.98±7.33)岁;仅在C形臂透视下行内固定治疗37例为C形臂组,男24例,女13例,年龄(44.37±10.82)岁。合并有前环骨折患者42例,均采用经皮髂前下棘内置外固定架(internal fixation,INFIX)或耻骨上支螺钉固定骨盆前环。术后比较两组随访时间、置钉时间、并发症。比较两组Matta复位评价、Majeed疗效评价、CT分级及二次手术翻修率。结果：CT组置钉时间(32.63±7.33) min,短于C形臂组(52.95±10.64) min(t=-9.739,P＜0.05)。CT组随访时间(11.97±1.86)个月,C形臂组(12.03±1.71)个月,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。两组术后并发症发生比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.159,P＞0.05)。CT组Matta复位评价结果(Z=2.79,P＜0.05)、Majeed疗效评价结果(Z=2.79,P＜0.05)、CT分级(Z=2.83,P＜0.05)均优于C形臂组。CT组二次手术翻修率低于C形臂组(χ²=5.641,P＜0.05)。结论：术中滑轨CT联合C形臂辅助下经皮骶髂关节螺钉置入手术与传统C形臂透视相比,具有手术时间短、准确度及安全性高、术后二次翻修率显著下降等特点,是重建骨盆骨折后环稳定性的有效方法之一。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92