CEF方案序贯多西他赛辅助化疗治疗45例淋巴结阳性乳腺癌

[目的]评价CEF方案序贯多西他赛在淋巴结阳性乳腺癌术后辅助化疗中的疗效与毒副反应。[方法]90例淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者术后分为两组,分别给予CEF方案（A组）和CEF方案序贯多西他赛（B组）进行辅助化疗。随访时间38～48个月。[结果]A组3年无病生存率（DFS）57.8%,3年总生存率（OS）为75.6%。B组3年DFS为84.4%（38/45）,3年OS为91.1%（41/45）,两组比较差异有显著性（P值均〈0.005）。在绝经后、淋巴结转移4～9枚,T3期以及ER阴性患者中B组的3年无病生存率高于A组。多因素分析治疗方法、肿块大小及受体状况等方面与3年DFS及3年OS均相关。[结论]CEF方案序贯多西他赛的化疗方案在淋巴结阳性乳腺癌术后辅助化疗中比CEF方案得到更高的3年无病生存率及总生存率,特别是对肿块相对较小、受体阴性的患者而言获益更大。     

FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤56例分析

[目的]观察FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤临床疗效及其毒副作用。[方法]56例晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者采用FOLFOX4方案化疗,每2周为1个周期,治疗4～6个周期后按WHO实体瘤疗效判定标准评价疗效及毒副反应。[结果]56例均可评价疗效,结直肠癌37例,CR1例、PR12例,有效率35.14%;胃癌19例,CR1例、PR9例,有效率52.63%;总有效率为41.07%。毒副反应主要为胃肠道反应、末鞘神经毒性、骨髓抑制及静脉炎等,未见因毒副反应而终止治疗者,无治疗相关性死亡。[结论]FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤耐受性较好,疗效较满意,有临床应用价值。     

FOLFOX4与FLP方案在食管胃结合部癌辅助化疗中的疗效比较

目的:回顾性分析辅助化疗FOLFOX4方案与FLP方案治疗食管胃结合部癌根治术后患者的疗效和不良反应。方法:回顾性分析2007年3月-2009年10月共123例接受FOLFOX4方案(67例)或FLP方案(56例)辅助化疗的食管胃结合部癌根治术后患者。主要评价指标为无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)、总生存期(overall survival,OS)和不良反应。同时,对两组患者的疗效进行分层分析。结果:FOLFOX4方案组和FLP方案组的中位DFS分别为35.9和16.8个月(P=0.008),中位OS分别为41.3和25.6个月(P=0.013)。分层分析显示,男性、45～65岁、腺癌以及Ⅱ期或ⅢA期患者接受FOLFOX4方案术后辅助化疗较FLP方案更具生存优势。FOLFOX4和FLP方案均耐受良好,血液学不良反应发生率无明显差异。FOLFOX4方案组非血液学不良反应主要为外周神经毒性,FLP方案组主要为消化系统反应。结论:与FLP方案相比,FOLFOX4方案辅助化疗可明显延长食管胃结合部癌术后患者的DFS和OS,且不良反应可耐受。     

FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃癌临床观察

目的 探讨应用FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和毒副反应.方法 30例晚期胃癌均给予FOLFOX 4方案化疗,28 d为1个周期.2个周期后评价疗效和毒副反应.结果 总有效率为53.33%,中位缓解期7.9个月,中位生存期11.8个月.主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、神经毒性和胃肠道反应.结论 FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,毒副反应可耐受.     

卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂辅助化疗方案治疗Ⅲ期结直肠癌的临床观察

目的 探讨Ⅲ期结直肠癌(CRC)患者术后应用奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨(XELOX)辅助化疗方案的安全性及有效性.方法 采用比例风险回归方法,对接受5-氟尿嘧啶联合亚叶酸钙(de Gramont)方案、5-氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙联合奥沙利铂(mFOLFOX4)方案以及XELOX方案辅助化疗的256例Ⅲ期CRC患者术后3年的无病生存率(DFS)和总生存期(OS)进行分析;对各组的毒副反应发生率进行Kaplan-Meier评估;对mFOLFOX4组和XELOX组患者进行预后相关因素多变量分析.结果 de Gramont组患者98例,mFOLFOX4组患者87例,XELOX组患者71例.与de Gramont组比较(66.2%),mFOLFOX4组(79.7%)和XELOX组(81.5%)的3年无病生存率均显著提高(P=0.015,P=0.004),中位生存时间de Gramont组为37.8个月,mFOLFOX4组为40.2个月,XELOX组为41.4个月.mFOLFOX4组和XELOX组与de Gramont组比较,中位生存时间显著提高(P=0.024,P=0.014),复发风险率分别降低18.0%(P=0.024)和21.0%(P=0.003),而mFOLFOX4组与XELOX组的疗效相当,3年DFS和OS的差异均无统计学意义.在预后相关因素分析中,XELOX组更具生存优势.3组中,mFOLFOX4组的毒副反应发生率更高,尤其是3级或4级反应;而XELOX组相对较低.结论 XELOX辅助化疗方案治疗进展期结直肠癌疗效好,用药安全,患者具有良好耐受性和依从性,可在临床上推广应用.     

卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂与5-氟尿嘧啶亚叶酸钙联合奥沙利铂在Ⅲ期结直肠癌辅助化疗中的疗效和安全性比较

目的 比较卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂(XELOX方案)与5-氟尿嘧啶+亚叶酸钙联合奥沙利铂(FOLFOX4方案)在Ⅲ期结直肠癌辅助化疗中的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析118例Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中76例应用FOLFOX4方案治疗,42例应用XELOX方案治疗,比较两组患者的3年无病生存率(DFS)和不良反应的发生率.结果 FOLFOX4组未完成8个周期化疗的患者有28例,XELOX组有8例,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044).FOLFOX4组患者的3年DFS为72.4%,XELOX组为73.8%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.866).FOLFOX4组和XELOX组患者各种常见不良反应的总发生率差异并无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但在3～4度不良反应中,FOLFOX4组患者中性粒细胞减少的发生率高于XELOX组(P<0.05),而XELOX组患者血小板减少和手足综合征的发生率高于FOLFOX4组(均P<0.05).结论 XELOX方案与FOLFOX4方案作为Ⅲ期结直肠癌辅助化疗的疗效相同,但XELOX方案的耐受性更好.     

奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙3周重复方案用于结直肠癌术后辅助化疗的临床观察

目的:探讨奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin,OXA)联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)和亚叶酸钙(leucovorin,CF)3周重复方案用于结直肠癌术后辅助化疗的临床价值.方法:98例Ⅱ～Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者根治术后接受OXA联合5-FU/CF 3周重复方案辅助化疗,共化疗6个周期.患者化疗结束后每3个月进行1次全面复查,观察无病生存期及1和2年的无病生存率.结果:本组患者总的2年无病生存率为74.5%,其中Ⅱ和Ⅲ期患者的2年无病生存率分别为87.0%和63.5%.化疗期间的主要不良反应为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度外周神经毒性、中性粒细胞减少及腹泻,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度不良反应少见.结论:OXA联合5-FU/CF 3周重复方案用于结直肠癌术后辅助化疗疗效明确,患者耐受性好,是结直肠癌术后辅助化疗的理想选择.     

FOLFOX4治疗52例晚期大肠癌

[目的]观察FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]对52例初治或复治的晚期大肠癌患者,予FOLFOX4方案化疗(奥沙利铂 亚叶酸钙 5-氟尿嘧啶)。[结果]全组52例均可评价疗效及毒副反应。总有效率为30.7%。初治患者CR1例,PR8例,SD10例,PD2例,有效率为45%;中位疾病进展时间10个月,中位生存期17个月。复治患者PR7例,SD20例,PD5例,有效率为21.9%;中位疾病进展时间6个月,平均生存期12个月。毒副反应主要为中性粒细胞减少、消化道反应和神经毒性,以Ⅰ～Ⅱ度为主。[结论]FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期大肠癌疗效肯定,安全性好。     

基于辅助化疗前血清白蛋白水平的列线图预测胃癌患者术后复发及远期生存

[目的]对于胃癌根治术后接受辅助化疗的患者,构建基于化疗开始前血清白蛋白水平的预后预测模型。[方法]回顾性分析根治术后接受辅助化疗的胃癌患者的临床、病理资料以及生存数据;依据时间依赖性受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)确定白蛋白水平的最佳截断值;采用多因素Cox回归分析校正混杂因素,探讨白蛋白水平对无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)的影响;绘制预测列线图并进行验证。[结果]共纳入121例患者,白蛋白对12个月OS影响的曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)为0.69(95%CI:0.55~0.83),白蛋白最佳截断值为37.0 g/L。Cox回归分析结果提示化疗前血清白蛋白<37.0 g/L、低/差分化肿瘤和存在癌结节是增加患者复发及死亡风险的独立因素。基于3个参数构建的列线图预测DFS和OS的c-指数分别为0.671(95%CI:0.526~0.816)和0.649(95%CI:0.553~0.745),校准曲线基本沿45°线分布。[结论]对于接受辅助化疗的胃癌根治术后患者,基于化疗开始前血清白蛋白水平的列线图可用于预测复发、转移和生存结局。     

奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶治疗58例晚期胃癌临床观察

[目的]评价奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin,L-OHP)联合氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)、亚叶酸钙(CF)一线治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及毒副反应。[方法]58例经病理学证实的晚期胃癌患者行奥沙利铂+5-Fu+CF联合化疗。2个周期化疗后评价疗效。[结果]58例患者中,完全缓解3例(5.2%),部分缓解19例(32.8%),稳定26例(44.8%),进展10例(17.2%),有效率38.0%。中位无进展生存期(PFS)6.7个月,中位总生存期(OS)10.1个月,1年生存率20.7%(12/58),无治疗相关性死亡。Log-Rank检验分析显示PFS及OS的预后因素包括PS评分及化疗周期数。主要毒副反应有中性粒细胞减少(24.1%)、外周神经系统病变(48.0%)、恶心呕吐(39.7%)和口腔炎(31.3%)。[结论]奥沙利铂联合5-Fu一线治疗晚期胃癌疗效肯定,毒副反应轻微。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil

Pseudomembranous colitis is frequently associated with antibiotics and more rarely with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to confuse this infection with chemotherapy associated toxicity. We present a 54 year old woman who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer and in the first cycle of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed pseudomembranous colitis. We detected the toxin B of Clostridium difficile in stools and we began early antibiotic treatment. Thus, in patients with post chemotherapy neutropenia and diarrhoea that develop negatively, we have to rule out this infection.