3-取代-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮衍生物的合成

根据已知5-HT_3受体拮抗剂的结构特点,本文设计并合成了3-(2-烷基-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)甲基-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮(Ⅶa-b)及3-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)甲些-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮(IXa,b)衍生物共10个。目的物从相应的1,2,3,9-四氧-4H-咔唑-4-酮(Ⅳ,Ⅴ)经过Mannich反应,成盐反应、与2-烷基苯并咪唑或苯并三唑缩合反应制得,并经光谱确证。     

盐酸昂丹司琼合成工艺优化

目的优化盐酸昂丹司琼的合成工艺。方法以1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮为起始原料,经甲基化得9-甲基-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮(3),3与二甲胺盐酸盐、多聚甲醛、2-甲基咪唑经过"一锅烩"反应得到中间体9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基]-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮(4),4经成盐反应得到目标产物盐酸昂丹司琼。结果与结论目标化合物的结构经1H-NM R、M S谱确证,总收率为57.2%,该合成工艺步骤简便,收率较高,易于工业化生产。     

止吐药Ondansetron

异名 Zofran,Zofren 化学名 (±)-1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1 H-咪唑-1-基)甲基]-4 H-咔唑-4-酮二水盐酸盐药效分类 止吐药     

翁丹西隆的合成

以环己酮为起始原料,经与苯肼缩合、氧化、Mannich 反应制得1,2,3,9-四氢-3-二甲胺基甲基-4H-咔唑-4-酮盐酸盐(5),后者再与2-甲基咪唑缩合、甲基化合成翁丹西隆,总收率为10.4%。     

6-甲氧基-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮的合成

4-甲氧基苯肼盐酸盐和1,3-环己二酮在乙酸催化下缩合得到3-[（4-甲氧基苯基）亚肼基]环己-1-烯醇盐酸盐,然后在二苯醚中经Fischer反应闭环生成6-甲氧基-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮,总收率约为57%。     

恩丹西酮合成路线图解

盐酸恩丹西酮(翁丹西隆,1),化学名为1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1 H-咪唑-1-基)甲基]-4 H-咔唑-4-酮盐酸盐,是葛兰素公司1990年投放市场的世界上第一个高选择性5-HT_3受体拮抗剂,临床上成功地     

止吐药翁丹西隆的合成

从1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮(2)经N-甲基化、Mannich 反应和缩合得止吐药翁丹西隆,并对前二步反应条件加以改进,总收率为42.6%。     

应激性肠综合征治疗药阿洛司琼(Alosetron)

1商品名 Lotronex 2化学名 2,3,4,5-四氢-5-甲基-2-[(5-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)甲基]-1H-吡啶并[4,3-b]吲哚-1-酮盐酸盐     

甲烷磺酸Loprazolam

异名 Dormonoct,RU 31158 化学名 6-(2-氯苯基)-2,4-二氢-2-[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)甲叉]-8-硝基-1H-咪唑并[1,2-a][1,4]苯并二氮杂(艹卓)-1-酮     

尼罗替尼的合成

5-溴-3-三氟甲基苯胺和4-甲基-1H-咪唑在碳酸铯和碘化亚铜作用下缩合,得到3-三氟甲基-5-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)苯胺(4).另用3-氨基-4-甲基苯甲酸乙酯(5)与氨腈成胍6,6与3-二甲胺基-1-(3-吡啶基)-2-丙烯-1-酮环合得4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]苯甲酸乙酯(8),8经叔丁氧羰摹保护、水解,再与4经酰胺化、脱保护后得到尼罗替尼,总收率40%(以5计).     

Ondansetron and arecoline prevent scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in the marmoset.

The cognitive-enhancing potential of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, was investigated in a model of cognitive impairment induced by the muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine. For this purpose, marmosets were trained in an object discrimination task utilizing the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus. Administration of scopolamine (0.01-0.04 mg/kg, SC) caused a dose-dependent impairment in the acquisition of the object discrimination task in that marmosets required more trials to reach criterion, made more errors, and took longer to choose the objects. Administration of arecoline (0.06-0.1 mg/kg, SC) or 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol- 1-yl)methyl]-4H-carbazol-4-one,HCl.2H2O (ondansetron) (0.1-1 micrograms/kg, SC) prevented the scopolamine-induced impairment in task acquisition in that the performance of marmosets was indistinguishable from that of saline-treated animals and was significantly better than that following scopolamine/saline. From these studies, we conclude that ondansetron prevents impairment in the cognitive performance of marmosets induced by administration of scopolamine.     

4-substituted 1-methyl-1H-indazoles with analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities.

The synthesis of [(1-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)oxy]acetic acid 4, 1-methyl-1H-indazole-4-acetic acid 9, 2-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)propanoic acid 15 and [[(1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-methyl-4H-indazol-4-ylidene)amino]oxy]acet ic acid 16, as well as of amides and esters derived from 4 and 9, starting from 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-methyl-4H-indazol-4-one is described. Some of the above compounds showed weak antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and hypotensive activities in rats and mice, as well as moderate platelet antiaggregating effects in vitro.     

昂丹司琼的合成工艺改进

目的改进昂丹司琼的合成工艺。方法以1,2,3,9四氢4H咔唑4酮经N甲基化、Mannich反应和缩合得止吐药昂丹司琼。结果取得较佳的工艺条件,总收率为43.9%。结论该方法易于工业化生产。     

Effects of dopaminergic agents on carrageenan hyperalgesia in rats

The present study explored the role of central dopaminergic transmission in a model of carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain by examining the effects of selective agonists and antagonists of dopamine receptors. The results were as follow: (1) LY171555 (trans-(-)-4aR-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-Octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-g]quinoline hydrochloride), dopamine D(2) receptor agonist, produced anti-hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia in the inflamed hindpaws and non-inflamed hindpaws, respectively; spiperone hydrochloride (8-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4, 5]decan-4-one hydrochloride), dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist, decreased the pain threshold of the non-inflamed hindpaws. (2) (+/-)-SKF38393 hydrochloride ((+/-)-1-Phenyl-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrochloride), dopamine D(1) receptor agonist, produced anti-hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia when administered in a high dose (600 nmol), and decreased the pain threshold of non-inflamed hindpaws when administered in a low dose (150 nmol); R(+)-SCH23390 hydrochloride (R(+)-7-Chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride), dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist, induced anti-hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia, respectively. The present study suggests that the dopaminergic system is involved in the central modulation of inflammatory hyperalgesia, and that the different effects are probably induced by the different receptors.     

Effects of dopaminergic agents on carrageenan hyperalgesia after intrathecal administration to rats

The present study explored the role of dopaminergic transmission in spinal cord in a model of carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain by examining the effects of selective agonists and antagonists of dopamine receptors. The results were as follows: (1) trans-(-)-4aR-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g] quinoline hydrochloride (LY171555), a dopamine D(2) receptor agonist, produced anti-hyperalgesia (150 and 300 nmol) or hypoalgesia (300 nmol) in the inflamed hindpaws and non-inflamed hindpaws, respectively; spiperone hydrochloride (8-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one hydrochloride), a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist, decreased the pain threshold of non-inflamed hindpaws (300 nmol). (2) (+/-)-SKF38393 hydrochloride ((+/-)-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrochloride), a dopamine D(1) receptor agonist, had no effect on either hindpaw, even at a higher dose (300 nmol); R(+)-7-Chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (R(+)-SCH23390 hydrochloride), a dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist, induced anti-hyperalgesia in the inflamed hindpaws (300 nmol). The present results suggest that the dopaminergic system in the spinal cord is involved in the central modulation of inflammatory hyperalgesia, and that the different effects are probably induced by different receptors.     

1-[3-(Diarylamino)propyl]piperidines and related compounds, potential antipsychotic agents with low cataleptogenic profiles

On the basis of a structural model of the postsynaptic dopaminergic antagonist pharmacophore, a series of 1-[3-(diarylamino)propyl]piperidines and related compounds was synthesized and evaluated for potential antipsychotic activity. For a rapid measure of activity, the target compounds were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of [3H]haloperidol binding and in vivo in a test of locomotor activity. Behavioral efficacy of compounds identified from the initial screens was more accurately measured in rats by using a suppression of high base-line medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation test model. The propensity of these compounds for causing extrapyramidal side effects was evaluated by using a rat catalepsy method. On the basis of these test models, we have shown that the methine carbon of the 1-(4,4-diarylbutyl)piperidines can be advantageously replaced with a nitrogen atom. The 1-[3-(diarylamino)propyl]piperidines were less cataleptic than the corresponding 1-(4,4-diarylbutyl)piperidines. The compounds with the widest separation between efficacious dose and cataleptic dose are 8-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro [4. 5]decan-4-one (6), 1-[1-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-dihydro- 2H-benzimidazol-2-one (11), 1-[1-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4- pyridinyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (22), and 1-[3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino]propyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (26).     

Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of some new 3-substituted coumarins

3-Acetylcoumarin (1) was utilized as a key intermediate for the synthesis of 2-aminothiazole derivative 3 via bromination of 1 to afford acetylbromide 2 followed by treatment with thiourea or via Biginelli reaction of 1. Treatment of 3 with 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, 2-methyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one, furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione or 2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-benzothieno[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-one afforded diazine derivatives 4-7. Also, pyridopyrimidine 8 was obtained via a one pot reaction of 6-aminothiouracil, p-chlorobenzaldehyde and 3-acetylcoumarin. Moreover, refluxing of 6-aminothiouracil with one equivalent amount of 2 afforded the thiazolopyrimidine 9, while the pyrrolothiazolopyrimidine 10 was revealed when two equivalent amounts of 2 was used. Furthermore, treatment of enamine 11 with 2-aminobenzothiazole or 6-aminothiouracil afforded the pyrimidine derivatives 12 and 13, respectively. Transamination of enamine 11 with m-anisidine followed by cyclization of the resulting enaminone 14 gave the desired quinoline 15. Also, treatment of 11 with thiophenol in dioxane gave the mercapto derivative 16. Moreover, coupling of 11 with 4,6-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl-diazonium chloride, followed by complete cyclization of the resulting product afforded the pyridopyrazolothiazine 19 via the intermediate 18. Furthermore, the pyrazolopyrimidine 20 was revealed via a one pot condensation of 11, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one and ammonium acetate. The thiadiazine derivatives 21-23 were obtained via treatment of 2 with the corresponding o-aminothiols. Desulphonation of 23 afforded the pyrazolotriazine 24. Finally, reaction of 2 with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde gave benzofuran derivative 25. Representative compounds of the synthesized products were evaluated as antioxidant agents.     

丁苯那嗪有关物质的合成及结构确证

目的依据丁苯那嗪的合成路线及结构特征,合成丁苯那嗪的有关物质并进行结构确证,提高对丁苯那嗪的质量控制。方法以5-甲基-2-己酮为起始物料,经曼尼希反应合成1-(二甲基氨基)-6-甲基-3-庚酮(A);以A为原料,经成盐反应合成N,N,N,6-四甲基-3-氧庚烷-1-碘化铵(B);以B为原料,与6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉盐酸盐反应,得到1-异丁基-9,10-二甲氧基-1,3,4,6,7,11b-六氢吡啶并[2,1-α]异喹啉-2-酮(C);以2-庚酮为原料,经曼尼希反应、成盐、关环后合成3-丁基-9,10-二甲氧基-1,3,4,6,7,11b-六氢-吡啶并[2,1-α]异喹啉-2-酮(D);以丁苯那嗪为原料,经氧化降解生成1-羟基-3-异丁基-9,10-二甲氧基-1,3,4,6,7,11b-六氢-2H-吡啶基[2,1-α]异喹啉-2-酮(E);以丁苯那嗪为原料,经碱降解生成3-异丁基-9,10-二甲氧基-3,4,6,7-四氢-2H-苯并[α]喹啉-2-酮(F);以丁苯那嗪为原料,经酸降解生成(3R,11bS)/(3S,11bR)-9,10-二甲氧基-3-(2-甲基丙基)-1,3,4,6,7,11b-六氢苯并[α]喹啉-2-酮(G)。结果与结论合成了7种丁苯那嗪有关物质,其结构均经LC-MS、1H-NMR谱确证,化学纯度均大于94%。