细胞表面分子在间充质干细胞对T细胞调节机制中的作用

目的探索细胞表面免疫分子在间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)对T细胞的免疫调节机制中的作用。方法分离、培养和鉴定MSC和T细胞;电镜观察MSC和T细胞共同培养时的相互作用;检测MSC对T细胞表面分子CD54,程序性死亡受体(programmed cell death ligand,PDL)-1,组织相容性复合物(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)-I,MHC-II表达的影响。结果 MSC与T细胞共培养时,大量MSC和T细胞连接在一起;T细胞表面分子的表达率:离体实验—实验组:CD54:(66.0±1.3)%;PDL-1:(61.0±1.9)%,MHC-I:(23.4±3.4)%,MHC-II:(27.5±1.2)%;对照组:CD54:(52.1±2.0)%,PDL-1:(42.1±2.0)%,MHC-I:(19.5±3.0)%,MHC-II:(9.2±0.8)%;在体实验—实验组:CD54:(59.0±2.6)%;PDL-1:(57.4±2.4)%;MHC-I:(22.6±2.7)%;MHC-II:(22.4±2.0)%;对照组:CD54:(51.5±1.0)%,PDL-1:(50.0±3.3)%,MHC-I:(18.1±1.5)%,MHC-II:(9.7±0.6)%。结论 MSC与T细胞相互接触后促进T细胞表达CD54,PDL-1,MHC-I,MHC-II,这可能在MSC对T细胞免疫调节作用中发挥重要作用。     

Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids and gamma-linolenic acid on circulating plasma lipids and fatty acid profiles in women

BACKGROUND: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) have lipid-modifying and antiinflammatory properties. The effects of supplement mixtures of these fatty acids on plasma lipids and the fatty acid compositions of serum phospholipids have received little attention. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of different levels of GLA supplementation together with a constant intake of EPA plus DHA on the triacylglycerol-lowering effect of EPA plus DHA alone and on the fatty acid patterns (eicosanoid precursors) of serum phospholipids. DESIGN: Thirty-one women were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, equalized on the basis of their fasting triacylglycerol concentrations. They received supplements providing 4 g EPA+DHA (4:0, EPA+DHA:GLA; control group), 4 g EPA+DHA plus 1 g GLA (4:1), 2 g GLA (4:2), or 4 g GLA (4:4) daily for 28 d. Plasma lipids and fatty acids of serum phospholipids were measured on days 0 and 28. RESULTS: Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower on day 28 than on day 0 in the 4:0, 4:1, and 4:2 groups. LDL cholesterol decreased significantly (by 11.3%) in the 4:2 group. Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid increased significantly in serum phospholipids only in the 4:2 and 4:4 groups; however, total n-3 fatty acids increased in all 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of 4 g EPA+DHA and 2 g GLA favorably altered blood lipid and fatty acid profiles in healthy women. On the basis of calculated PROCAM values, the 4:2 group was estimated to have a 43% reduction in the 10-y risk of myocardial infarction.     

Reviews of Books and Reports

Book reviewed in this article:
Hettlinger R: Sex Isn't That Simple-The New Sexuality on Campus .
Robbins D, White P: Environmental Quality and Food Supply .
Austin DF, Werner SB: Epidemiology for the Health Sciences: A Primer on Epidemiologic Concepts and Their Uses .
Simon SB, Kirschenbaum H: Readings in Values Clarification .     

洁利33杀蟑气雾剂对旅客列车蟑螂防治效果观察

目的：了解洁利33杀蟑气雾剂在旅客列车上灭蟑效果；方法：旅客列车现场实验；结果：施药后蟑螂密度下降率达99.4％：结论：洁利33杀蟑气雾剂对防治旅客列车蟑螂灭效显著。     

钙磷对体外培养成骨细胞增殖、分化和矿化影响的研究

目的研究钙、磷对体外培养成骨细胞(OB)增殖、分化及矿化的作用,探讨钙、磷对骨代谢的影响。方法在体外培养OB的基础上,分别添加1、2、4mmol/L钙、1、2、4mmol/L磷及2mmol/L钙+1mmol/L磷(钙磷比2∶1)、1mmol/L钙+2mmol/L磷(钙磷比1∶2)。检测细胞增殖、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、骨桥蛋白(OPN)和Ⅰ型胶原(Col-Ⅰ)含量及其mRNA表达情况。结果与对照组比,饲料中添加4mmol/L钙从D2开始促进OB增殖,差异显著(P<0.05),添加1、2mmol/L钙从D5开始差异显著(P<0.05),而钙磷比2:1与1:2到D8差异才显著(P<0.05)。除1mmol/L钙组外,各试验组从D2起均抑制细胞内ALP活性(P<0.05),在D5抑制其mRNA表达(P<0.01),在D2、D8促进其mRNA表达(P<0.05)。除1mmol/L钙组外,各试验组在D2均促进Col-Ⅰ分泌(P<0.01),但钙各组和1mmol/L磷组在D5、D8及2mmol/L磷组和钙磷比(1:2)组在D8均抑制其分泌(P<0.05)。各试验组,在D2、D8均促进Col-ⅠmRNA表达(P<0.01),在D5除钙磷比(1:2)组外均抑制其mRNA表达(P<0.01)。各试验组促进OPNmRNA表达(P<0.01),除1、2mmol/L钙组外,各实验组从D2起均促进其分泌(P<0.0)。结论添加钙及2种钙磷比(2:1,1:2)均能抑制成骨细胞早期分化,诱导其增殖及重叠生长,促进其基质成熟及矿化,而磷对其增殖作用不明显。     

Effectiveness of a preventive coaching intervention for employees at risk for sickness absence due to psychosocial health complaints: results of a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:: To assess the effectiveness of a preventive coaching intervention on sickness absence due to psychosocial health complaints and on general well being of employees. METHODS:: Employees at risk for sickness absence were identified and randomized. The intervention group received the preventive coaching program; the control group received usual care. Primary outcome measure of the trial is sickness absence due to psychosocial health complaints; secondary outcome measures are related to general well being, such as psychological distress, fatigue, and coping. RESULTS:: No effect of coaching on self-reported sickness absence due to psychosocial health complaints was found. The intervention group reported statistically significant improved health, declined psychological distress, less burnout, less need for recovery, and an increased satisfaction with life. CONCLUSIONS:: This study shows that the coaching intervention primarily has an effect on general well being of employees.     

Bisoprolol and hypertension: effects on sexual functioning in men.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate prospectively the effects of the selective beta 1 adrenoceptor blocker bisoprolol on sexuality of men with hypertension. DESIGN: In newly diagnosed patients (group I): double-blind, crossover, placebo controlled. In men with hypertension on antihypertensive treatment (group II): crossover design. SETTING: Large area in and around Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PATIENTS: Twenty-six men (criteria: between 25 and 70; no disease etc. known to affect sexual functioning) were recruited through their general practitioners. Group I (n = 13) fulfilled the selection criteria, sitting blood pressure systolic > or = 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic > or = 95 mm Hg, measured on 3 different days. Group II (n = 13) patients already on antihypertensive treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on blood pressure. Qualitative and quantitative data on sexuality through questionnaires, including personal and sexual history, sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction and erectile difficulties. RESULTS: Bisoprolol is an effective antihypertensive drug with no detrimental effects on sexuality in newly diagnosed men with hypertension. In men already on antihypertensive medication bisoprolol improved sexuality in some parameters, i.e. firmness of erection during coitus, contentedness with sexual functioning and satisfaction with own sexuality. CONCLUSION: Bisoprolol is an effective antihypertensive agent with no sexual side effects.     

The work pattern of personal care workers in two Australian nursing homes: a time-motion study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to describe the work pattern of personal care workers (PCWs) in nursing homes. This knowledge is important for staff performance appraisal, task allocation and scheduling. It will also support funding allocation based on activities. METHODS: A time-motion study was conducted in 2010 at two Australian nursing homes. The observation at Site 1 was between the hours of 7:00 and 14:00 or 15:00 for 14 days. One PCW was observed on each day. The observation at Site 2 was from 10:00 to 17:00 for 16 days. One PCW working on a morning shift and another one working on an afternoon shift were observed on each day. Fifty-eight work activities done by PCWs were grouped into eight categories. Activity time, frequency, duration and the switch between two consecutive activities were used as measurements to describe the work pattern. RESULTS: Personal care workers spent about 70.0% of their time on four types of activities consistently at both sites: direct care (30.7%), indirect care (17.6%), infection control (6.4%) and staff break (15.2%). Oral communication was the most frequently observed activity. It could occur independently or concurrently with other activities. At Site 2, PCWs spent significantly more time than their counterparts at Site 1 on oral communication (Site 1: 47.3% vs. Site 2: 63.5%, P = 0.003), transit (Site 1: 3.4% vs. Site 2: 5.5%, P < 0.001) and others (Site 1: 0.5% vs. Site 2: 1.8%, P < 0.001). They spent less time on documentation (Site 1: 4.1% vs. Site 2: 2.3%, P < 0.001). More than two-thirds of the observed activities had a very short duration (1 minute or less). Personal care workers frequently switched within or between oral communication, direct and indirect care activities. CONCLUSIONS: At both nursing homes, direct care, indirect care, infection control and staff break occupied the major part of a PCW's work, however oral communication was the most time consuming activity. Personal care workers frequently switched between activities, suggesting that looking after the elderly in nursing homes is a busy and demanding job.     

Calcium diglutamate improves taste characteristics of lower-salt soup

OBJECTIVE:: To ascertain (1) whether the taste characteristics of a conventionally-salted (150 mM NaCl) soup can be reproduced in soups of substantially lower NaCl level with the help of added glutamate, and (2) whether calcium diglutamate (CDG) is equivalent to monosodium glutamate (MSG) in its effect on the taste of soup. DESIGN:: Cross-sectional, with multiple measurements on each subject. SETTING:: Healthy university students. SUBJECTS:: A total of 107 volunteers, recruited by on-campus advertising. METHODS:: Subjects tasted 32 soups, with all possible combinations of four NaCl concentrations (0-150 mM), four glutamate levels (0-43 mM), and two glutamate types (MSG, CDG). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:: Ratings of each soup on six scales (liking, flavour-intensity, familiarity, naturalness of taste, richness of taste, saltiness). RESULTS:: A 50 or 85 mM NaCl soup with added CDG or MSG is rated as high as, or higher than, a 150 mM NaCl soup free of added glutamate on five of the six scales (the exception being saltiness). CDG and MSG have equivalent effects. CONCLUSIONS:: Addition of glutamate allows substantial reductions in Na content of soup, without significant deterioration of taste. CDG and MSG have equivalent effects, but use of CDG permits a greater reduction in Na intake.     

维生素A酸对体外培养小鼠囊胚发育的影响

目的:观察维生素A酸(RA)对小鼠囊胚细胞的凋亡效应,探讨RA对体外培养小鼠囊胚发育的影响。方法:获取妊娠3.5天小鼠囊胚,分别培养在含0、1μmol/L和10μmol/L的RA的M199培养基中24 h,用带有荧光(FITC)标记的原位末端标记检测法(TUNEL)检测RA对小鼠囊胚细胞凋亡的影响。结果:RA可诱导囊胚细胞凋亡。结论:维生素A酸对小鼠囊胚的发育具有细胞毒性作用。     

Effect of Curcumin on Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review on Randomized Clinical Trials

Objective: Curcumin is an active constituent of turmeric. Recently, scientists have suggested that curcumin can be used in weight reduction. We performed a systematic review based on randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of curcumin supplementation on anthropometric variables.

Methods: We searched databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to August 2017. Randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of curcumin on anthropometric parameters in human adults were included.

Result: Eight randomized clinical trials were allowed to be included in the systematic review. Five articles used the regular form of curcumin with short follow-up duration and did not indicate any significant effect on anthropometric measures, while three articles with significant results used either the more bioavailable form of curcumin or a longer intervention duration.

Conclusion: Randomized clinical trials related to curcumin effect on weight are limited but their result indicated useful effect of curcumin on weight. It seems that the bioavailable form of curcumin can reduce obesity and overweight. Further articles with longer duration of intervention and different forms of curcumin supplementation are necessary before any recommendation is made for clinical use of these interventions.     

4,8-Sphingadienine and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine activate ceramide production in the skin

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Ingestion of glucosylceramide improves transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from the skin, but the underlying mechanism by which a small amount of dietary glucosylceramide can vastly improve skin conditions remains unclear. In a previous report, glucosylceramides were shown to be digested to sphingoids, which were shown to be absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that sphingoids are the key molecules facilitating endogenous ceramide production. In this study, we assessed the effect of 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2) and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (t18:1), derived from konjac glucosylceramide, on stimulating ceramide production. METHODS: Konjac glucosylceramide acidolysis was performed using hydrochloric acid; the resulting d18:2 and t18:1 were fractionated by column chromatography. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to assess the effect of d18:2 and t18:1 on gene expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes, while their effect on the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, was measured using a receptor-cofactor assay system. The effect of d18:2 and t18:1 on stimulating ceramide production was evaluated using HPTLC analysis in a 3-dimensional human skin model. RESULTS: We noted the upregulation of genes related to de novo ceramide synthesis as well as of those encoding the elongases of very long-chain fatty acids by d18:2 and t18:1, but not by glucosylceramide and 4-sphingenine. Both these sphingoids also facilitated the expression of PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma; moreover, they also demonstrated ligand activity for PPARgamma. These results indicated that d18:2 and t18:1 promote the differentiation of keratinocytes. Analysis of the lipids within the 3-dimensional human skin model indicated that treatment with d18:2 and t18:1 not only upregulated gene expression but also increased ceramide production. CONCLUSIONS: The sphingoids d18:2 and t18:1 activated genes related to de novo ceramide synthesis and increased ceramide production, whereas glucosylceramide and 4-sphingenine could not. These results suggest that the effect of dietary glucosylceramides on the skin is mediated by d18:2 and t18:1.     

某石油化工公司集散控制系统操作人员视觉疲劳影响的研究

目的：了解集散控制系统（DCS：distributed control system）操作人员视觉疲劳情况。方法：以某石化公司从事DCS操作的人员79名作为观察组；而以同一车间同一班次的非DCS操作人员（主要是对DCS操作的人员发生的指令进行户外操作的人）95名作为对照组，分别测定其在早、中、前夜，后夜4班次的班前和班后的明视持久度，运动反应时，闪光融合频率，远、近点调节4项指标，分析测试结果的变化率。结果：观察组与对照组在前3项指标和右眼远，近点调节差异有显著性（P＜0．01），左眼远，近点调节和集合近点调节在观察组和对照组之间差异也有显著性（P＜0．05）；比较不同班次的观察组和对照组的结果显示，明视持久度，视觉运动反应时，闪光融合频率，近点调节在观察组与对照组之间差异有显著性。结论：DCS对操作人员的视觉疲劳有一定的影响。     

Association between family variables and Mexican American children's dietary behaviors

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between family variables and children's diets. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with households sampled using random-digit dialing. Children completed a one-time, self-administered survey, and mothers participated in a face-to-face structured interview. SETTING: Data collection occurred in southern San Diego County on the U.S.-Mexico border. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-seven Mexican American children between 8 and 18 years of age and their mothers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diet: number of snacks, candies and sweets, and sodas consumed daily; dietary fat and fiber; and money spent weekly on fast food and snacks. Family variables: household size, family support for healthful eating, number of meals eaten together, availability of fast food in the home, food ads seen on television, and parent purchasing food products that children saw advertised on television. DATA ANALYSES: Regression analyses were used to examine the independent contributions of family variables on dietary intake. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Greater family support for healthful eating was associated with fewer snacks and more fiber consumed. Children of parents who purchased food products that their children had seen advertised on television reported consuming more snacks and more fat, and they spent more money on fast food and snacks. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Family-based interventions are needed to moderate the potential influence of television-advertised food products on children's requests for these food products.     

公立医院预算管理内部控制建设:基于COSO框架的分析

目的:探讨公立医院预算管理内部控制的路径。方法:基于COSO理论框架,分析公立医院预算管理内部控制中存在的问题及产生原因,借鉴平衡计分卡四维度管理模型,完善公立医院预算管理内部控制操作流程。结果:内部控制直接影响了预算管理的质量。结论:加强公立医院预算管理活动的控制环境建设,强化经济管理活动风险意识,结合平衡计分卡的管理思想,构建以不相容职务相分离为原则的预算管理控制体系。     

两种剂型驱避剂驱避效果比较研究

目的 :试验测定 2种驱避剂的驱避效果及可否实际应用。方法 :人体试验法测定有效保护时间和有效保护率。结果 :皮肤涂抹驱避剂有效保护时间大于 8h ,固体悬挂式驱避剂有效保护时间小于 1h。结论 :目前 ,皮肤涂抹驱避剂比固体悬挂式驱避剂更具实用价值     

应用病例分型法分析住院医师规范化培训质量

目的：评价规范化培训对培养住院医师临床能力的作用。方法：收集3所三级甲等医院34名住院医师2003年共1316份病例的诊疗情况,采用SAS6．12进行统计分析。结果：经过规范化培训的住院医师与未经过培训者相比,部分临床技能数据有显著性差异。结论：规范化培训对提高临床能力有明显效果。     

急诊手术时间分布规律对护理管理工作的启示

目的:探讨急诊手术的时间分布特点及规律。方法:采集并记录数据,将数据输入Excel,以圆形统计法进行分析。结果:急诊手术时间月份高峰在4月19日,每周高峰位于周二,24小时中高峰分布在17:10,均有显著性统计学意义,P〈0.01;分类急诊手术月分布,产科在3月31日,创伤在5月31日,腹部急诊在5月2日,其他手术在5月29日,均有显著性统计学意义,P〈0.01;各类急诊手术星期分布情况,每周一～周日的急诊手术高峰,产科手术和其他类急诊手术有集中趋势,P〈0.01,而急腹症、创伤急诊手术统计结果显示P〉0.05,呈离散分布。分类急诊手术24小时分布情况,产科在14:29,创伤在16:56,急腹症在16:36,其他类手术在16:48,均有显著性统计学意义,P<0.01。结论:统计结果对加强急诊手术的科学管理具有较大的参考价值,便于我们积极做好预见性护理管理。