中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血

目的:提高对中脑周围蛛网膜下腔出血(PNSH)的认识水平。方法:回顾性分析17例PNSH病人的临床 表现、影像学表现、治疗及预后情况。结果:本组病例2d～6d内DSA检查均阴性,全部治愈出院,住院期间无并发症发 生。结论:PNSH是一种特殊类型的SAH,临床表现平稳,影像学检查独特,恢复期短,预后良好。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血11例临床分析

目的：提高中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）的认识水平，指导临床诊治。方法：回顾性分析11例（PNSH）患者的临床表现、影像学资料、治疗及预后。结果：所有患者均痊愈，病程24～30d。无明显并发症发生。对上述患者随访1—3年，平均随访22个月，生活均能自理，无再出血病例发生。结论：PNSH是一种特殊类型的SAH，无严重的脑血管痉挛、脑积水和再出血发生，预后好。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血9例临床分析

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(PNSH)是一种特殊类型的蛛网膜下腔出血,其临床症状较轻,脑血管造影多呈阴性,预后较好。它不同于脑动脉瘤破裂出血,推测可能为静脉出血或毛细血管渗血。为了进一步了解PNSH的临床特点,本文结合文献对诊断为PNSH的9例患者的临床资料作一回顾性分析。1　资料1 1　一般资料:1994年1月至2 0 0 2年6月,我院共收治自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者6 2例,其中9例患者出血位于环中脑的脑池,脑血管造影阴性,诊断为PNSH。其中女性6例、男性3例,年龄4 3～6 1岁(平均5 4 1)岁,对上述患者均进行了随访。1 2　临床表现:…     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特点

目的总结中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析22例PNSH病人的临床表现、影像学资料及治疗，并随访预后情况。结果本组全脑血管造影均无阳性发现，病人临床症状轻，均无意识障碍及局灶性神经功能障碍，Hunt-Hess分级均为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级。随访9-98个月，平均52个月，未发生再出血，无永久性神经功能障碍，除1例病人因患抑郁症而无法工作外，其余均恢复正常工作。结论PNSH预后良好。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特点

目的 分析中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）的临床及影像学特点及预后。方法 回顾性分析34例出血部位仅限于中脑周围脑池的PNSH的临床及影像学资料、治疗与预后。结果 34例PNSH患者无意识障碍, Hunt-Hess分级均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,无明显的脑血管痉挛、脑积水与再出血,预后较好。结论 正确认识中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血可提高蛛网膜下腔出血的临床诊治水平。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特点与治疗

目的总结中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(PNSH)的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析19例PNSH病例资料,Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级10例。DSA与CTA检查均未发现颅内动脉瘤和异常血管影。给予一般对症治疗和腰椎穿刺释放血性脑脊液。结果 19例PNSH均治愈出院,住院期间未发生再出血。出院后随访3个月,19例病人均未发生再出血。结论 PNSH病因不明,但预后良好、并发症少,DSA检查为诊断PNSH的重要手段。     

首次全脑血管造影阴性的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床及影像学分析

目的探讨首次全脑血管造影阴性的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的病因和诊疗策略。方法回顾性分析43例经头颅CT或腰穿脑脊液检查确诊为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血,但首次全脑血管造影检查为阴性患者的临床及影像学资料。结果43例患者临床表现出现头痛43例,恶心呕吐36例,一过性意识障碍3例,局灶性神经功能障碍（肢体瘫痪）3例,癫痫发作2例,脑膜刺激征阳性39例。头颅CT显示为典型蛛网膜下腔出血者35例,其余8例通过腰穿发现血性脑脊液确诊。35例患者中符合中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）者21例。其余14例为非PNSH。所有患者于发病后2～7d内行首次全脑血管造影检查,结果均为阴性。发病14-21d后全部复查全脑血管造影或CTA,41例仍为阴性;1例发现颅内动脉瘤,1例发现脊髓血管畸形,且均为非PNSH患者。经病因及对症治疗后,患者均预后良好。结论首次全脑血管造影阴性的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者临床症状较轻,并发症少,预后较好。对于临床症状和影像学表现符合PNSH的患者,应避免重复造影。但对于高度怀疑颅内动脉瘤或血管畸形可能的非PNSH患者,应积极复查DSA或高质量的CTA或MRA以免漏诊和误诊。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特点与治疗

目的总结中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）的临床特点、治疗及预后情况。方法回顾性分析11例PNSH患者的临床表现、影像学资料、诊断及治疗情况,并进行随访,了解预后情况。结果11例PNSH患者发病时均无意识障碍,无神经系统定位体征,临床症状均较轻,Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,无脑室内出血,无脑积水,所有病例均治愈出院。随访12~60个月,平均26个月,无患者遗留永久性神经功能障碍,全部患者无再出血,恢复原工作及生活。结论PNSH患者临床症状较轻,并发症少,预后良好。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血临床分析

近年来,中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血(PNSH)发病率有所上升,发病原因尚未阐明.随着临床诊断与治疗水平的进一步提高,对该病的认识日渐丰富,我院自2001年1月-2008年11月共诊断并治疗38例中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下隙出血患者,结合文献回顾分析如下.     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血26例临床分析

目的总结中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（PNSH）的临床特点。方法分析2006年10月一2008年4月我院收治的经CT证实并行全脑血管造影的PNSH26例的临床特点。结果所有患者均无意识丧失,无神经定位体征,Hunt—Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,CT上出血部位在中脑周围的脑池,DSA检查均为阴性。采用对症治疗,未发生再出血、脑积水、继发性脑血管痉挛等并发症。结论PNSH临床表现平稳、恢复快、预后良好、并发症少。正确认识PNSH,可以缩短住院时间和减少重复脑血管造影,但首次诊断需行脑血管造影排除动脉瘤的可能。     

中脑周围池非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血37例临床分析

目的 探讨中脑周围池非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(PNSH)的病因、临床表现、影像学特点及预后.方法 回顾性分析37例PNSH患者的临床表现、影像学资料、治疗及预后,同时对相关文献进行复习.结果 37例患者均无意识障碍,Hunt - Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,所有病例均治愈出院,出院时GOS评分均为优.37例PNSH患者的随访期为1-46个月,平均随访24个月.患者均无再出血、脑血管痉挛和脑积水等.结论 PNSH患者临床表现平稳,影像学特点独特,康复期短,并发症少,预后良好.正确认识、诊断PNSH,可以缩短住院时间,减少重复DSA检查及不必要的开颅探查.     

Does non-perimesencephalic type non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have a benign prognosis?

We reviewed and compared the clinical course and long-term prognosis of patients with non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with and without a perimesencephalic pattern of hemorrhage on CT scan. In 876 patients with spontaneous SAH, 52 (5.9%) were diagnosed with non-aneurysmal SAH. Based on their CT scans, the SAH was classified as perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal SAH (PNSH) in 23 patients and non-perimesencephalic (non-PNSH) in 29 patients. The patients in the non-PNSH group were further divided into diffuse type (19 patients) and localized type (10 patients). We performed follow-up three-dimensional-CT angiography (3D-CTA) in all possible patients at least 1 year after the attack. The PNSH group had a lower rate of acute hydrocephalus (8.7%) and angiographic vasospasm (0%) complications than the non-PNSH group (37.9% and 27.6%, respectively). Only one case of rebleeding occurred in the non-PNSH group. No demonstrable source of bleeding was found on follow-up 3D-CTA, which was performed 1 year after the attack. All patients with non-aneurysmal SAH had similarly favorable long-term functional outcomes. Based on our study, patients with non-PNSH have a more complicated clinical course than those with PNSH. However, the long-term prognosis was similarly favorable for both the PNSH and non-PNSH in limited circumstances when they showed normal findings on a series of two-dimensional and 3D angiographic work-ups.     

Quadrigeminal non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage--a true variant of perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report

Spontaneous non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) centered in the quadrigeminal cistern has been proposed as a variant of perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal SAH (PNSH). Some authors contest the existence of this entity, claiming it results either from head trauma or an undiscovered P2-P3 aneurysm, and conclude that all PNSH arise in front of the brainstem in a 'pretruncal' location. We report a patient with a quadrigeminal pattern of subarachnoid blood who was investigated with two digital catheter angiograms, including 3-D angiography, plus a high-resolution computed tomography angiogram. No abnormal findings were present and the patient had an excellent outcome. We propose that the more common pretruncal PNSH and less common quadrigeminal PNSH are two types of perimesencephalic SAH with separate, distinct etiologies, both of which have a more benign clinical course than aneurysmal SAH.     

A case with diffuse vasospasm after perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]

Perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(PNSH), defined as bleeding in the cisterns around the midbrain with a negative four-vessel angiographic study, is uniformly associated with an excellent outcome without associated rebleeding or symptomatic vasospasm. Angiographic vasospasm is uncommon in patients with this disease, and if vasospasm is present, severe and diffuse angiographical vasospasm is rare. We report a case with PNSH who developed severe and diffuse angiographic vasospasm. The patient was a 52-year-old woman who suffered an acute severe headache. We diagnosed PNSH from CT and angiographical findings, and treated her conservatively. Serial angiography, that was performed on the fourteenth day after hemorrhage, showed diffuse and severe angiographic vasospasm affecting both the anterior and the posterior circulation. She was treated with normovolemia, and remained no neurological symptom. Follow-up MR angiography showed improvement of the angiographic vasospasm. When the presence of diffuse and severe vasospasm is detected, a diagnosis of PNSH should not be excluded.     

急性氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病6例临床及影像学分析

目的探讨氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病的神经系统临床表现及影像学特点,以提高对本病认识。方法回顾性分析2006年3月~2012年10月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院急诊科诊断氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病患者6例的临床表现及颅脑磁共振(MRI)特点。结果男4例、女2例口服氟乙酰胺后出现头痛、抽搐及其他神经系统表现。颅脑磁共振表现为皮层及皮层下白质弥漫性对称分布的细胞毒性水肿性病变。经过治疗6例患者临床症状部分或全部缓解。6例患者在6~10 d后复查头颅CT(2例)或MRI(4例)显示病灶完全消失。结论本病诊断主要依靠病史及典型临床表现,影像学缺乏特异性,但头颅MRI表现能对早期诊断提供参考。早期诊断及治疗患者预后良好。