2019新型冠状病毒及其感染性肺炎

2019年12月中旬我国湖北省武汉市人群中出现了2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染性肺炎暴发流行,疫情迅速蔓延并播散至全国各个地区以及亚洲、欧洲、大洋州和北美13个国家。为了准确和深入了解2019-nCoV生物学性状、流行特征、致病性、免疫性、微生物学检查和公众防护措施,我们在最新有关文献和国家《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案》最新版本的基础上,对2019-nCoV及其感染性肺炎进行综述。     

福建省一起经货轮输入的新冠肺炎病毒全基因组测序分析

目的:应用高通量测序和生物信息学分析技术,从一起经货轮输入的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)聚集性病例标本中直接测定新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)全基因组序列,并从全基因组水平分析2019-nCoV的基因组变异特征,追溯病毒的潜在来源。方法:采用2019-nCoV全基因组靶...     

2019新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗研究现状

2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)是继严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus,SARS-CoV)和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus,MERS-CoV)后出现的一种能引起人严重呼吸道疾病的新型冠状病毒。目前尚无特异性的靶向2019-nCoV的抗病毒治疗药物,面对新型冠状病毒肺炎日益严重的疫情和迫切需要解决的药物治疗策略,本文对新型冠状病毒肺炎抗病毒治疗研究现状与进展进行综述。     

CRISPR/Cas系统在新型冠状病毒分子检测中的应用研究进展

新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19)疫情已造成全球严重的公共卫生问题。2019-nCoV变异株不仅毒力发生变化, 传播力增强, 这些特性的改变已引发持续关注。快速、准确、有效的检测方法对于COVID-19疫情防控至关重要。基于成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)及相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated, Cas)的核酸检测方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、快速、便携、价廉的特点, 在2019-nCoV分子检测中显示出较好的应用前景。本文对CRISPR/Cas系统在2019-nCoV检测中的应用进行了综述, 以期为疫情防控提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫期疾病组织样本采集、存储及应用过程中的操作规范和建议

正2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市发现新型冠状病毒肺炎并蔓延至国内其他省市和地区~([1])。我国研究人员第一时间分离确定了引起这次新型冠状病毒肺炎病原体——新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)~([2])。2020年2月11日,国际病毒分类委员会(international committee on taxonomy of viruses,ICTV)宣布,新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)的正式     

新型冠状病毒肺炎病例血清中和抗体动态变化及影响因素

目的:了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19)确诊病例血清抗新型冠状病毒(2019 novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)中和抗体动态变化规律及可能的影响因素。方法:采用微量中和试验检测COVID-19确诊病例血清中和抗体,采用Excel 2007...     

刺突蛋白与新型冠状病毒的检测和治疗

最近,一种由新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV引起的COVID-19肺炎疫情在全球暴发。为了更好地控制疫情的蔓延,亟需对2019-nCoV的来源、传播和致病机制进行深入研究。刺突(spike)蛋白是冠状病毒表面特有的结构蛋白,包含了冠状病毒自然演化的重要信息,并在病毒识别和入侵人体细胞的过程中起到关键作用。最近十几年,在对与人类密切相关的冠状病毒的研究中,spike蛋白一直是最为重要的研究对象之一。而在COVID-19肺炎疫情暴发后,2019-nCoV病毒表面的spike蛋白也迅速成为研究的焦点。本文旨在通过介绍spike蛋白相关研究,以期为当前疫情的防控以及COVID-19的诊断和治疗提供合理的研究思路。     

基于量子点免疫层析技术的新型冠状病毒中和抗体检测方法建立

目的:建立简便、快速、低成本的2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)中和抗体检测方法。方法:基于量子点荧光免疫层析原理,建立新冠RBD IgG检测方法,并用新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者恢复期血清( ...     

译者按

正2019年12月,湖北武汉暴发了严重不明原因病毒性肺炎,作为一种新的突发急性呼吸道传染病,引起世界卫生组织(WHO)和全球广泛关注。2020年1月8日,根据基因序列特点,该病原被命名为新型冠状病毒(novel coronavirus 2019,2019-nCoV,简称新冠)。1月20日,国家卫生健康委员会将2019-nCoV感染的肺炎纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病,并采取甲类传染病的预防控制措施。2月11日,国际病毒分类委员会将2019-nCoV官方命名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2     

威海市一例输入性新型冠状病毒奥密克戎BA.2的全基因组测序分析

目的:结合高通量测序技术和生物信息学技术,从新冠肺炎感染者咽拭子标本中直接测定病毒基因组序列,并从基因组水平上了解输入性新型冠状病毒(novel coronavirus 2019,2019-nCoV)的全基因组特征和变异情况,从而进行病毒的分型和溯源。方法:选取1例威海市境外输入性2019-nCoV感染病例的咽拭子标本...     

Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV

The current outbreak of viral pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel coronavirus designated 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization, as determined by sequencing the viral RNA genome. Many initial patients were exposed to wildlife animals at the Huanan seafood wholesale market, where poultry, snake, bats, and other farm animals were also sold. To investigate possible virus reservoir, we have carried out comprehensive sequence analysis and comparison in conjunction with relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) bias among different animal species based on the 2019-nCoV sequence. Results obtained from our analyses suggest that the 2019-nCoV may appear to be a recombinant virus between the bat coronavirus and an origin-unknown coronavirus. The recombination may occurred within the viral spike glycoprotein, which recognizes a cell surface receptor. Additionally, our findings suggest that 2019-nCoV has most similar genetic information with bat coronovirus and most similar codon usage bias with snake. Taken together, our results suggest that homologous recombination may occur and contribute to the 2019-nCoV cross-species transmission.     

Analyzing the epidemiological outbreak of COVID-19: A visual exploratory data analysis approach

There is an obvious concern globally regarding the fact about the emerging coronavirus 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) as a worldwide public health threat. As the outbreak of COVID-19 causes by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) progresses within China and beyond, rapidly available epidemiological data are needed to guide strategies for situational awareness and intervention. The recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 emphasizes the importance of analyzing the epidemiological data of this novel virus and predicting their risks of infecting people all around the globe. In this study, we present an effort to compile and analyze epidemiological outbreak information on COVID-19 based on the several open datasets on 2019-nCoV provided by the Johns Hopkins University, World Health Organization, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission, and DXY. An exploratory data analysis with visualizations has been made to understand the number of different cases reported (confirmed, death, and recovered) in different provinces of China and outside of China. Overall, at the outset of an outbreak like this, it is highly important to readily provide information to begin the evaluation necessary to understand the risks and begin containment activities.     

急诊科抢救区新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的护理管理

新型冠状病毒肺炎是一种急性呼吸道感染性疾病,具有很强的传染性。四川大学华西医院急诊科作为新型冠状病毒肺炎患者筛查诊疗的重点科室,应如何严格管理就诊患者成为每一个护理人员首要思考的问题。本文从护理管理入手,全面阐述了急诊科收置患者的护理管理方法及采取的有效应对措施,并取得了显著成效。     

Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence

Since December 2019, a series of unexplained pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, China. On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). On 11 February 2020, the WHO officially named the disease caused by the 2019-nCoV as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, especially in China. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discuss the characteristics of COVID-19 in the hope of providing a reference for future studies and help for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic.     

A comparative-descriptive analysis of clinical characteristics in 2019-coronavirus-infected children and adults

Acute respiratory disease caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has rapidly spread throughout China. Children and adults show a different clinical course. The purpose of the current study is to comparatively analyze the clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection in children and adults and to explore the possible causes for the discrepancies present. The medical records of 25 adults and 7 children confirmed cases of 2019-2019-nCoV acute respiratory diseases were reviewed retrospectively. All children were family clusters. The total adult patients were differentiated into the local residents of Wuhan, a history of travel to Wuhan and direct contact with people from Wuhan. The numbers were 14 (56%), 10 (40%), and 1 (4%), respectively. The median incubation period of children and adults was 5 days (ranged, 3-12 days) and 4 days (ranged, 2-12 days), respectively. Diarrhoea and/or vomiting (57.1%) were demic by World Health Organiza more common in children, whereas for adults it was myalgia or fatigue (52%). On admission, the percentage of children having pneumonia (5%, 71.4%) was roughly the same as adults (20%, 80%). A total of 20% of adults had leucopoenia, but leukocytosis was more frequently in children (28.6%, P=.014). A higher number of children had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme (57.1% vs 4%, P=.004). Antiviral therapy was given to all adult patients but to none of the children. In summary, knowledge of these differences between children and adults will not only be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of 2019-nCoV disease, but also for a future discussion on age-specific coronavirus infection.     

A guideline for homology modeling of the proteins from newly discovered betacoronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

During an outbreak of respiratory diseases including atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, a previously unknown β-coronavirus was detected in patients. The newly discovered coronavirus is similar to some β-coronaviruses found in bats but different from previously known SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. High sequence identities and similarities between 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV were found. In this study, we searched the homologous templates of all nonstructural and structural proteins of 2019-nCoV. Among the nonstructural proteins, the leader protein (nsp1), the papain-like protease (nsp3), the nsp4, the 3C-like protease (nsp5), the nsp7, the nsp8, the nsp9, the nsp10, the RNA-directed RNA polymerase (nsp12), the helicase (nsp13), the guanine-N7 methyltransferase (nsp14), the uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (nsp15), the 2'-O-methyltransferase (nsp16), and the ORF7a protein could be built on the basis of homology templates. Among the structural proteins, the spike protein (S-protein), the envelope protein (E-protein), and the nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) can be constructed based on the crystal structures of the proteins from SARS-CoV. It is known that PL-Pro, 3CL-Pro, and RdRp are important targets for design antiviral drugs against 2019-nCoV. And S protein is a critical target candidate for inhibitor screening or vaccine design against 2019-nCoV because coronavirus replication is initiated by the binding of S protein to cell surface receptors. It is believed that these proteins should be useful for further structure-based virtual screening and related computer-aided drug development and vaccine design.     

The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution

There is a worldwide concern about the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV as a global public health threat. In this article, we provide a preliminary evolutionary and molecular epidemiological analysis of this new virus. A phylogenetic tree has been built using the 15 available whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, 12 whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, and 12 highly similar whole genome sequences available in gene bank (five from the severe acute respiratory syndrome, two from Middle East respiratory syndrome, and five from bat SARS-like coronavirus). Fast unconstrained Bayesian approximation analysis shows that the nucleocapsid and the spike glycoprotein have some sites under positive pressure, whereas homology modeling revealed some molecular and structural differences between the viruses. The phylogenetic tree showed that 2019-nCoV significantly clustered with bat SARS-like coronavirus sequence isolated in 2015, whereas structural analysis revealed mutation in Spike Glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein. From these results, the new 2019-nCoV is distinct from SARS virus, probably trasmitted from bats after mutation conferring ability to infect humans.     

Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan,China

To help health workers and the public recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) quickly, effectively, and calmly with an updated understanding. A comprehensive search from Chinese and worldwide official websites and announcements was performed between 1 December 2019 and 9:30 am 26 January 2020 (Beijing time). A latest summary of 2019-nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Up to 24 pm , 25 January 2020, a total of 1975 cases of 2019-nCoV infection were confirmed in mainland China with a total of 56 deaths having occurred. The latest mortality was approximately 2.84% with a total of 2684 cases still suspected. The China National Health Commission reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm, 22 January 2020. The deaths included 13 males and 4 females. The median age of the people who died was 75 (range 48-89) years. Fever (64.7%) and cough (52.9%) were the most common first symptoms among those who died. The median number of days from the occurence of the first symptom to death was 14.0 (range 6-41) days, and it tended to be shorter among people aged 70 years or more (11.5 [range 6-19] days) than those aged less than 70 years (20 [range 10-41] days; P = .033). The 2019-nCoV infection is spreading and its incidence is increasing nationwide. The first deaths occurred mostly in elderly people, among whom the disease might progress faster. The public should still be cautious in dealing with the virus and pay more attention to protecting the elderly people from the virus.