A qualitative study of Korean music therapist's turnover experiences

Nine Korean music therapists’ turnover experiences were examined using consensual qualitative research. Five domains and 24 categories were created from the cross-analysis of the data. The domains of this study were: (a) factors contributing to turnover; (b) burnout; (c) turnover procedure; (d) changes after turnover; and (e) factors contributing to retention. Based on the frequency label of each category, three types of categories were generated: general (8–9 cases), typical (5–7 cases), and variant (2–3 cases). The result showed that the lack of recognition for music therapy among administrators, supervisors, and peer therapists contributed to music therapists’ turnover decision. However, it was found that these participants had a strong sense of professionalism, which was expressed through their work, regardless of the various challenges posed by environmental conditions. In fact, financial sources such as work conditions and salary were only categorized as variant whereas the professional incentives were identified generally across participants in this study.     

Morale and job perception of community mental health professionals in Berlin and London

Abstract Introduction Morale and job perception of staff in community mental health care may influence feasibility and quality of care, and some research has suggested particularly high burnout of staff in the community. The aims of this study were to: a) assess morale, i. e. team identity, job satisfaction and burnout, in psychiatrists, community psychiatric nurses and social workers in community mental health care in Berlin and London; b) compare findings between the groups and test whether personal characteristics, place of working and professional group predict morale; and c) explore what tasks, obstacles, skills, enjoyable and stressful aspects interviewees perceived as important in their jobs. Methods In all, 189 mental health professionals (a minimum of 30 in each of the six groups) responded to a postal survey and reported activities per week using pre-formed categories. Perception of professional role was assessed on the Team Identity Scale, job satisfaction on the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, and burnout on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Seven simple open questions were used to elicit the main tasks, skills that staff did and did not feel competent in, aspects that they did and did not enjoy in their job, and obstacles and factors that caused pressure. Answers were subjected to content analysis using a posteriori formed categories. Results Weekly activities and morale varied between sites and professional groups. Some mean scores for groups in London exceeded the threshold for a burnout syndrome, and are particularly less favourable for social workers. Working in London predicted higher burnout, lower job satisfaction and lower team identity. Being a psychiatrist predicted higher team identity, whilst being a social worker was associated with higher burnout and lower job satisfaction. Male gender predicted lower burnout and higher team identity. However, professional group and site interacted in predicting burnout and job satisfaction. Psychiatrists in London had much more favourable scores than the other two groups, whilst this did not hold true in Berlin. Answers to open questions revealed universal aspects, such as enjoying direct patient contact and disliking bureaucracy, but also various views that were specific to a site or professional group or both. Conclusions Burnout remains a problem for some, but not all, professional groups in community mental health care, and social workers in London appear to be a group with particularly low morale. Differences between professional groups depend on the location, and it remains unclear to what extent job-related and general factors impact on the morale of mental health professionals. Answers to open questions reveal general as well as specific aspects of the job perception of the professional groups, some of which may be relevant for service development, training and supervision. More conceptual and methodological work and more extensive studies are required to develop a better understanding of how community mental health professionals perceive their job and how morale may be improved.     

新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗机构工作人员心理健康状况及与职业倦怠的关系

目的:探究新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间医疗机构工作人员的心理健康状况及与职业倦怠的关系.方法:采用现况研究方法于2020年2月25日至3月25日对宁夏医疗机构工作人员进行问卷调查,包括自编一般情况调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、安全感量表...     

Recovery-Oriented Services for Individuals with Mental Illness and Case Managers’ Experience of Professional Burnout

Present cross-sectional study examined perceptions of recovery-oriented services and reports of professional burnout and job satisfaction in a sample of 114 case managers working in community mental health centers across Ohio. The research examined the relative contribution of demographic characteristics, the structure of case management services, and case managers’ beliefs about recovery-oriented services in describing their reports of professional burnout and job satisfaction. Regardless of individual characteristics of case managers and reports of the structure of their jobs, case managers who perceived their agency to offer higher levels of recovery-oriented services also reported lower levels of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion at work, and higher levels of professional accomplishment and job satisfaction. Directions for future research in the area are discussed.     

Relationships between work conditions,job satisfaction and burnout in Israeli Ministry of Education art therapists

ABSTRACT

Background: Art therapists in the education system work within a framework that is not therapeutic in orientation, a fact which has implications for their work environment.

Aims: This study examined the relationships between working conditions and between job satisfaction and burnout of art therapists employed by the education system in Israel.

Method: Forty-nine therapists completed a set of self-report questionnaires at the beginning, middle and end of the academic year.

Results: Several significant correlations between the therapists' perceptions of their working conditions and between burnout and job satisfaction were found. The better the therapists' perception of inter-professional team collaboration, the greater their sense of professional efficacy. More satisfactory perceptions of the working conditions in the therapy room were associated with a lesser sense of exhaustion. Most of the correlations between the variables emerged at Time 2, midyear.

Conclusions: Midyear is characterized by more consecutive workdays, which allows for more staff meetings than in the first and last trimesters of the school year and is considered the main period for therapeutic work to take place. The findings, which partially support the hypotheses, also illustrate the moderating role of inter-professional team collaboration on the relationship between the number of clients and the exhaustion dimension of burnout.

Plain-language summary

Art therapists in the education system work within a framework that is not therapeutic in orientation and has highly specific working conditions. This study examined whether there is a relationship between working conditions; the suitability of the therapy room, the quality of the interprofessional team collaboration, and the number of clients, and between job satisfaction and burnout in 49 art therapists employed by the education system in Israel. The therapists were sent an online link from the researchers to complete self-report questionnaires at the beginning, middle and end of the academic year. We found several significant correlations between the therapists’ perceptions of their working conditions and between burnout and job satisfaction. The better the perception of inter-professional team collaboration, the more job satisfaction was reported at Time 2. The better the therapists’ perception of inter-professional team collaboration in the school system, the greater their sense of professional efficacy at Times 1 and 2 and the less their sense of exhaustion at Time 2. More satisfactory perceptions of the working conditions in the therapy room were associated with a lesser sense of exhaustion at Times 1 and 2. Most of the correlations between the variables emerged at Time 2, midyear. This period is characterised by more consecutive work days, which allows for more staff meetings than in the first and last trimesters of the school year, and is considered the main period for therapeutic work to take place. The findings also show that inter-professional team collaboration affects the relationship between the number of clients and burnout from exhaustion.     

Crossing the somatic–semiotic divide: The troubled question of dance/movement therapists (DMTs) professional identity

This article explores the issue of dance/movement therapists’ professional identity which, it is argued, is still overshadowed by the somatic–verbal divide. The discussion was generated by a small-scale research project, initially designed to examine therapists’ somatic awareness and awareness of somatic countertransference. The results of this study, briefly presented in the first part of the article, pointed to a prevalent preference for verbal training, supervision, and session processing, and to a surprising absence of awareness of and engagement with the therapist's own bodily response to the therapeutic encounter.     

Working in group living homes for older people with dementia: the effects on job satisfaction and burnout and the role of job characteristics

ABSTRACTBackground: Group living homes are a fast-growing form of nursing home care for older people with dementia. This study seeks to determine the differences in job characteristics of nursing staff in group living homes and their influence on well-being.Methods: We examined the Job Demand Control Support (JDCS) model in relation to 183 professional caregivers in group living homes and 197 professional caregivers in traditional nursing homes. Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to study the mediator effect of the three job characteristics of the JDCS-model (demands, control and social support) on job satisfaction and three components of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal accomplishment).Results: Demands were lower in group living homes, while control and social support from co-workers were higher in this setting. Likewise, job satisfaction was higher and burnout was lower in group living homes. Analysis of the mediator effects showed that job satisfaction was fully mediated by all three psychosocial job characteristics, as was emotional exhaustion. Depersonalization was also fully mediated, but only by control and social support. Decreased personal accomplishment was partially mediated, again only by job characteristics, control and support.Conclusion: This study indicates that working in a group living home instead of a traditional nursing home has a beneficial effect on the well-being of nursing staff, largely because of a positive difference in psychosocial job characteristics.     

Self-esteem,social support,and life satisfaction in Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

PurposeThe current study examined self-esteem, social support, and life satisfaction in Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and observed the mediation effects of social support on the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction.MethodsWe compared 118 Chinese parents of children with ASD to 122 demographic-matched parents of typically developing children on measures of self-esteem, social support, and life satisfaction using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), respectively.ResultsParents of children with ASD scored significantly lower on self-esteem, social support, and life satisfaction than the controls (ps < 0.01), and social support partly mediated the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction in both groups. Hierarchical regressions indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, social support and self-esteem were significant predictors of life satisfaction in both groups but explained more variance in life satisfaction for the parents of children with ASD.ConclusionsSocial support and self-esteem play a more important role in life satisfaction for parents of children with ASD than those of typically developing children. Life satisfaction is positively related to higher household income, higher self-esteem, and stronger social support for parents. Self-esteem is likely to be associated with greater life satisfaction by means of greater social support. Future research and interventions should focus on fostering a more positive climate of social support for ASD families in China.     

Burnout and job satisfaction in New Zealand psychiatrists: a national study

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of burnout and the level of job satisfaction among New Zealand psychiatrists, and to ascertain relationships between socio-demographic variables, job satisfaction and burnout in the target population. METHOD: In phase one of the study a postal survey was mailed out to every practising psychiatrist on record as well as all doctors working in psychiatry without specialist qualifications (MOSS). Three questionnaires were used: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a Job Diagnostic Survey (JSS). Regression analysis was performed on returned data sets using socio-demographic characteristics as explanatory variables and score components of the MBI and JDS as the outcome measures. RESULTS: The results showed that the prevalence of burnout in New Zealand psychiatrists is cause for concern. Two-thirds of all psychiatrists described moderate to severely high levels of emotional exhaustion, with a similar proportion describing low levels of personal accomplishment. Depersonalisation did not appear to be a major problem in the population. Job satisfaction remained relatively high despite the high prevalence of burnout, although there was a relationship between burnout and job satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of burnout and factors associated with it among New Zealand psychiatrists. Further research is needed to ascertain why job satisfaction remains high in the presence of burnout, and factors predisposing to, or protective of, burnout.     

Mental health,burnout and job satisfaction among professionals in sheltered living in Flanders

BACKGROUND: Interest has been growing over the last few years in the working conditions of professionals who deal with clients with severe and chronic mental illnesses. In this study, the relationship between the affective climate, as measured by the construct of expressed emotion, and professionals' feelings of well-being and burnout was investigated. It was hypothesised that high expressed emotion (EE) (= a high amount of criticism, hostility or emotional overinvolvement) would be related to high burnout scores. METHODS: Fifty-six professionals were interviewed about their schizophrenic clients who resided in sheltered-living houses in Flanders. EE was measured with two instruments, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). The professionals' characteristics were mental health (Symptom Checklist, SCL-90), job satisfaction (VEVAK), and burnout (a Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, UBOS-C). RESULTS: Little indication was found for an association between EE and working conditions as measured with the CFI. For the PCS, a significant relationship was found between the resident version of the PCS and burnout. The professionals who were perceived by the residents as being very critical were less depersonalised and less emotionally exhausted than those who were not so perceived. CONCLUSIONS: High EE relationships can exist without feelings of stress and burnout.     

Development and validation of the Chinese Version of Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale (CV-IJSS) for people with mental illness

Job satisfaction has been increasingly regarded as an important outcome of vocational rehabilitation programs among people with mental illness. Chinese measures of job satisfaction for individuals with mental illness are however extremely scarce. The aim of this study was to translate the 32-item Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale to Chinese. By means of the expert panel method, the culturally relevant 28-item Chinese Version of Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale (CV-IJSS) was then finalized. A validation study among a group of 125 individuals with mental illness showed that the scale had acceptable psychometric properties. Coefficient alpha of the total score was 0.81 with subscales ranging from 0.63 to 0.87. Test re-test reliability as measured by ICC was 0.77 for the total score and ranged from 0.54 to 0.72 for the subscales. Factorial analysis yielded a four factor solution (general satisfaction, job ambiguity and stress, advancement and security, and job recognition) accounting for 44% of the total variance. The factor solution had similarities as well as differences when compared with the Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale. The differences are discussed in the light of cultural differences. Relationship between scores of CV-IJSS and work performance, quality of life and self-esteem was positive in general which may act as evidence to its concurrent validity. The Chinese Version of Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale is ready for use by rehabilitation professionals to assess vocational rehabilitation outcome for individuals with mental illness in Hong Kong and other Chinese societies. Directions for further studies are suggested.     

Job stress,burnout, and job satisfaction in sleep apnea patients

ObjectiveTo assess job stress, burnout, and job satisfaction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).MethodsA total of 182 patients with OSAS and 71 healthy individuals completed the Job Content Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey, the Index of Job Satisfaction, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All participants were assessed with full-night polysomnography.ResultsSurvey scores of patients diagnosed with OSAS only differed from those of the control group in the emotional exhaustion dimension (P = 0.015). According to a multivariate analysis, the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was only correlated with perceived support at work (β coefficient = 0.142; P = 0.048). Associations were found between subjective sleep quality, perceived support from coworkers, and supervisors (β = 0.157; P = 0.025), psychological demands (β = 0.226; P = 0.001), emotional exhaustion (β = 0,405; P = 0.000), and cynicism (β = 0.224; P = 0.002). The study also revealed associations between excessive daytime sleepiness and the burnout dimensions emotional exhaustion (β = 0.232; P = 0.000) and cynicism (β = 0.139; P = 0.048).ConclusionObjective parameters of OSAS such as the AHI seem to have limited influence on the psychosocial aspects of the occupational life of patients with OSAS. There is evidence of significant associations between the subjective symptoms of the disease, such as daytime sleepiness, subjective sleep quality, job stress, and burnout.     

The Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale: job satisfaction in vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness

The Indiana Job Satisfaction Scale (IJSS) is a brief job satisfaction questionnaire designed for use with individuals with a severe mental illness. This study seeks to validate the IJSS, as well as to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and job tenure in a group of 71 workers in supported employment. Job satisfaction measured during the first 3 months of a job was significantly associated with job tenure; however, this relationship weakened over time. Overall, the findings support the utility of job satisfaction as a tool in vocational rehabilitation, as well as the validity of the IJSS with this group.     

Psychosocial work-related predictors and consequences of personal burnout among staff working with people with intellectual disabilities

The purposes of this study were to investigate the potential predictors of personal burnout among staff working with people with intellectual disabilities and to investigate whether personal burnout is associated with health and work-related outcomes. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2011 in 30 residential facilities in northern Germany (N=409, response rate 45%). The German standard version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire was used. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, we identified factors which were predictive of personal burnout, such as work-privacy conflict (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05), emotional demands (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01, 1.05), role conflicts (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.02, 1.03), job insecurity (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01, 1.05) and feedback (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). These factors explained 49% of the total variance. Higher levels of personal burnout were significantly correlated with higher rates of intention to leave the job and cognitive stress symptoms (p<.01). Low values of personal burnout were associated with greater job satisfaction, good general health, and higher satisfaction with life (p<.01). The present study indicates that improving the psychosocial work environment at the organizational level may reduce personal burnout and may also diminish unfavorable outcomes, such as intention to leave or job dissatisfaction.     

Job satisfaction and job success as moderators of the self-esteem of people with mental illnesses

This study investigated job satisfaction and job success as moderators of the self-esteem of people with mental illnesses. Prior studies and models had produced contradictory findings so that the appropriateness of self-esteem as an outcome variable for psychiatric rehabilitation employment services was in doubt. Job satisfaction and success measures for 65 employed and 170 unemployed individuals with mental illnesses along with their work status and work status duration measures were combined in a single multiple regression analysis with self-esteem as the criterion. The job satisfaction and success measures were found to be significant and moderate level moderators of self-esteem for the combined sample and separately for the employed and unemployed samples. It appears that self-esteem varies with satisfaction and success with the work status and not with work status alone. These findings suggested that self-esteem was an appropriate and modifiable outcome measure for psychiatric rehabilitation services. Some practical, theoretical, and policy implications of these results were also discussed.     

Women's issues and music therapists: A look forward

This study surveyed 1890 American and Canadian music therapists in order to examine present-day men and women music therapists’ experiences as they compare with each other and as they compare with their 1990 counterparts in terms of their situations, their practices, their approaches, and their personal, work, and family concerns (Curtis, 1990). Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the structured and open-ended survey items revealed commonalities and differences among the 682 respondents. In comparison to their 1990 counterparts, present-day women music therapists are significantly different: they are older, more educated, more often in academic settings, more satisfied with their career choice, and with many different concerns. Present-day men and women respondents’ experiences reflect more commonalities, differing only in that the men are older, more educated, more often in academic settings, and higher paid. The present-day women and men are similar to each other and differ significantly from their 1990 counterparts with 68%, 66%, and 91% respectively feeling that sex discrimination has a general impact. Similarly 31% of the present-day men and 25% of the women are familiar with feminist music therapy, as opposed to 16% in 1990. Present-day men and women music therapists share a passion for their work, with 98% and 95% respectively recommending music therapy careers, as opposed to 56% in 1990.     

Case Managers’ Experiences of Personal Growth: Learning from Consumers

This study examines aspects of case managers’ perceived personal growth in their work with consumers. Using a sample of 98 case managers, the psychometric properties of a brief self-report measure of personal growth of case managers were examined. The Case Manager Personal Growth Scale (CMPG) showed good reliability and construct validity as evidenced by negative correlations with scores on professional burnout and positive correlations with personal accomplishment and job satisfaction scores. CMPG scores were unrelated to social desirability scores or caseload size and positively related to age and tenure in the mental health system. Results suggest the strong relevance of the construct of personal growth for case managers. Catherine H. Stein is a Professor of Psychology and Director of Clinical Training at Bowling Green State University. Scott A. Craft is a clinical psychologist at Mid-Ohio Psychological Services, Inc. in Lancaster, Ohio, USA. This research is part of a dissertation by the second author presented to Bowling Green State University. We extend our appreciation to the case managers who participated in the research.     

精神科医生职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康的关系

目的 了解精神科医生职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康的状况并探讨其相互关系.方法 采用一般情况问卷、自编医生工作压力调查表、Maslach职业倦怠-通用版(MBI-GS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90),对216名精神科医生进行问卷调查.结果 (1)精神科医生最感压力的事件是工作负荷;除工作和家庭冲突外,其余各因子压力强度均超过中值3;在职业倦怠的3个维度中,精神科医生的情绪衰竭程度相对较高,女性医生在情绪衰竭方面显著高于男性医生(P＜0.05);与全国成人常模比较,精神科医生SCL-90各因子得分除恐怖和精神病性外均显著高于国内常模.(2)情绪衰竭与职业压力各维度,情感疏远与工作负荷及医患关系,职业效能感与医患关系,职业倦怠3个维度与SCL-90总均分均呈正相关(P＜0.05).(3)路径分析显示,职业压力和职业倦怠与心理健康间分别存在间接和直接的因果关系.结论 精神科医生职业压力比较大、职业倦怠较为严重,心理健康水平较低;职业倦怠是职业压力和心理健康之间重要的相关因素;社会及各医院管理层应给予充分关注.     

The Effect of Organizational Conditions (Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Opportunities for Professional Development, and Social Support) on Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave Among Social Workers in Mental Health Care

This study examined the relationships between the organizational conditions of social workers practicing in mental health agencies and their job satisfaction and intention to leave. A sample of 259 social workers, practicing in sixteen mental health agencies in New York State completed a questionnaire that included several measures: role conflict, role ambiguity, social support, extent of opportunities for professional development, type of work activities, job satisfaction and intention to leave. Results showed that the organizational conditions are strong predictors for job satisfaction and intention to leave. The author suggests that it is possible to find an appropriate balance between the professional expectations of social workers and the business-driven aspect of the mental health care environment.