一氧化碳中毒脑损伤的影像学研究

一氧化碳中毒（ｃａｒｂｏｎｍｏｎｏｘｉｄｅｐｏｉｓｏｎｉｎｇ，以下简称ＣＯ中毒）为生产和生活中较常见的窒息性中毒，中毒后由于机体发生缺氧性改变，可引起组织器官的损伤，而脑组织对缺氧最敏感，并首先受累，形成一系列的病理损伤。以往，急性ＣＯ中毒的大脑形态...     

介绍3种识别中毒性颗粒的方法

介绍３种识别中毒性颗粒的方法武警广西总队医院检验科赖锡球（南宁５３０００３）关键词中毒性颗粒磷酸盐缓冲液美蓝甲苯胺蓝当炎症感染时，嗜中性粒细胞胞浆内呈现中毒性颗粒。对明显的中毒性颗粒易于识别，但对轻度的中毒性颗粒，经验不足者常易与嗜碱性细胞相混淆，特...     

航海条件对有机磷中毒防救的影响

目的：探讨航海条件对有机磷毒物中毒防救的影响。方法：在运输船航海途中观察实验兔有机磷毒物沙林和维埃克斯中毒的症状特点和抗毒药物的防救效果。结果：在较为良好的近海短程航行条件下，船上实验兔沙林、维埃克斯中毒的多种症状都较陆上实验有不同程度的加重；抗毒药物对沙林中毒的防救效果及对维埃克斯的急救效果，海上实验与陆上基本相似，但对维埃克斯中毒的预防效果，在海上有降低趋势，且以环境条件最差的机舱中动物中毒症状的加粟和防救效果的降低趋势尤为明显。结论：不良的航海条件和船上环境加重了实验动物有机磷毒物中毒的损害程度，并在一定程度上对抗毒预防和救治产生某些不利影响。建议加强海运中对危险化学毒品的安全管理和医学防护。     

血液透析治疗毒蕈中毒致急性肾功能衰竭临床疗效观察

目的探讨血液透析治疗毒蕈中毒致急性肾功能衰竭的临床效果。方法对31例毒蕈中毒致急性肾功能衰竭患者及时采用血液透析治疗，观察临床疗效。结果经血液透析治愈30例，死亡1例，治愈率97％，死亡率3％。结论血液透析在治疗由毒蕈中毒，尤其是重型中毒引起的急性肾功能衰竭，疗效显著，并发症及后遗症少，值得临床推广运用。     

急性砷中毒样品的剖析及尿中砷排泄的观察

报道了对某单位食堂早餐食物中毒原因的调查以及有关中毒样品的剖析。通过对中毒现场样品采集和对样品进行系统分析，迅速确证馒头中污染的亚砷酸盐是导致中毒的直接原因。对中毒者血、尿样品进行检测，发现血、尿样品中Ａｓ＾３＋的含量均达到１．０μｇ／ｍｌ（中毒第３ｄ的血尿样品），高于同一食堂就餐的未中毒者。同时对中毒病人尿中砷排泄的情况进行了观察，其尿砷排泄符合一级动力学过程，Ｋ＝０．０７ｄ＾－１，消除半衰期为     

高压氧对急性CO中毒患者血清心脏肌钙蛋白T含量的影响(论著)

目的：观察高压氧（HBO）对急性一氧化碳（CO）中毒患者血清心脏肌钙蛋白T（troponinT，TnT）含量变化的影响，并探讨HBO对心肌损伤的疗效及机理。方法：对17例急性CO中毒患者，分别于HBO治疗前和1次治疗后评定Glasgow分数，同时测定血清TnT。对其中6例急性中、重度CO中毒患者在5次HBO治疗后复测血清TnT含量。结果：HBO治疗前后比较，急性轻度CO中毒患者血清TnT含量无显著差异（P＞0．05），急性中、重度CO中毒患者血清TnT含量显著下降（P＜0．05）；而6例急性中、重度CO中毒患者血清TnT含量，在HBO治疗1次、5次后均较治疗前非常明显下降（P＜0．01）。结论：急性中、重度CO中毒均有心肌损伤；HBO治疗可降低血清TnT，表明是治疗急性CO中毒心肌损伤的有效方法。     

急性有机磷中毒致迟发性神经病32例分析

急性有机磷农药中毒十分常见，但中毒致迟发性神经病变（organophosphates induced delayed neuropathy OPIDN）少见。1997年5月～2005年11月，我们收治急性有机磷中毒致迟发性神经病32例。现分析报告如下。1临床资料1．1一般情况32例中，男6例，女26例；平均年龄28．6岁。消化道吸收中毒24例，皮肤黏膜吸收中毒8例。重度中毒22例，轻度10例。甲胺磷中毒13例，乐果中毒9例，敌敌畏中毒4例，对硫磷中毒2例，敌百虫、内吸磷和马拉硫磷中毒各1例，马拉硫磷与敌敌畏混合中毒1例。昏迷时间12～72h。     

高压氧综合疗法对46例重度天然气中毒的疗效

高压氧综合疗法对４６例重度天然气中毒的疗效王生智在油田内，天然气中毒时常发生，为进一步探讨高压氧（ＨＢＯ）治疗天然气中毒的较好方法，自１９９１年以来我们采用不同的ＨＢＯ治疗方法治疗４６例急性重度天然气中毒，收到较好的效果，现报告如下。一、临床资料１．...     

紫外线照射自血回输疗法对梭曼中毒家兔抗氧化能力的影响

目的：探讨紫外线照射自血回输疗法（AUVIB）对梭曼中毒家兔抗氧化能力的影响。方法：健康家兔100只，随机分为5组；正常对照组，中毒组，常规治疗组，AUVIB治疗组及联合治疗组，观察中毒后14d家兔血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px），过氧化氢酶（CAT）及总抗氧化力（T-AOC）的变化。结果：家兔梭曼中毒后，血清中CSH-Px活性及T-AOC明显降低，而CAT活性明显升高，与正常对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。AUVIB治疗组及联合治疗组中GSH-Px，CAT活性与T-AOC明显高于中毒组及常规治疗组（P〈0．05）结论：梭曼中毒后有自由基损伤机制存在，AUVIB对梭曼中毒家兔自由基损伤具有明显保护作用。     

急性中毒临床救治研究进展

急性中毒是基层急诊工作中常遇到的问题，近年来中毒的发生率逐年上升，由中毒引起的死亡病例居高不下，故加强防治急性中毒的研究，识别少见与新型毒物急性中毒，创造条件开展毒物检测技术，对提高中毒抢救的成功率十分重要。现将急性中毒临床救治研究进展综述如下。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

Interventions in the chest in children

The scope for image-guided intervention in the chest is very wide and encompasses procedures in the heart, pulmonary and systemic vasculature, lungs and pleural cavities, airway, and esophagus. This review describes the most important procedures that are usually performed by radiologists. Percutaneous drainage is now the most common method of treating both empyemas and lung abscesses in children. Although most lung biopsies are carried out by other means, percutaneous biopsy and localization are important alternatives for the diagnosis of focal lung lesions. Esophageal strictures are common in children and are usually best treated by balloon dilatation. The use of retrievable or biodegradable stents has recently been introduced for refractory esophageal strictures. Similarly, balloon dilatation and stenting are now increasingly used in children with stenosis or extrinsic compression of the trachea or bronchi.     

Serum zinc in athletes in training

Serum zinc was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 160 training athletes (57 females) in the morning at rest. In 23.3% of the male and 43% of the female athletes, serum Zn was lower than the limit accepted for the normal range (75 microgram/dl or 11.5 mumol/l). The average serum Zn (96.7 +/- 12.6 microgram/dl) and the range of the values found in a control group of 15 young adult males did not differ from the accepted values in the literature. In 22 randomly selected male athletes, serum Zn fractions were determined using polyethylene glycol precipitation at pH 7.1; 22.2% of total Zn was bóund to alpha2-macroglobulin, the ratio being very close to 1 atom of metal per molecule of globulin. The possible reasons that may influence the serum Zn level in athletes are discussed with regard to the present knowledge in both exercise physiology and metabolism of zinc in man.