Distribution of neurons of origin of zinc-containing projections in the amygdala of the rat

The present study describes the distribution of neurons of origin of zinc-containing pathways in the amygdaloid complex of the rat, using the selenium method for simultaneous retrograde labeling of all zinc-containing neurons. With this method, vesicular ionic zinc is precipitated intravitally with selenium compounds and transported retrogradely to the parent neurons, where it can be visualized by silver amplification. Neurons labeled retrogradely with silver-amplified precipitate were observed in all amygdaloid nuclei except for the lateral olfactory tract nucleus, the accessory olfactory tract nucleus and the central nucleus. Very few labeled cell bodies were seen in the anterior amygdaloid area and the medial nucleus. The amygdalo-hippocampal area and the amygdalo-piriform transition area both showed a substantial number of labeled somata throughout their rostrocaudal extent. In the anterior cortical nucleus, very few labeled cell bodies were found in the rostral pole, whereas they were abundant in the caudal quarter of the nucleus. In the posterolateral cortical nucleus, the number of labeled cell bodies increased gradually; there were none in the rostral pole, but most of the neurons in the caudal part were labeled. The posteromedial cortical nucleus contained a great number of labeled somata, but with some variation in the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus. Considerable numbers of labeled neurons were observed throughout the lateral nucleus. In the basolateral nucleus, a small number of labeled cell bodies was present in the rostral half, but a gradual increase was observed in the caudal direction. Finally, in the basomedial nucleus, very few labeled cell bodies were present in the rostral two-thirds, whilst a considerable number was encountered in the caudal one-third. Possible functional implications of neuronal zinc are considered. The distribution of neurons of origin of zinc-containing projections has been compared with previously described intrinsic connections of the rat amygdala, and tracts that may possibly be zinc-containing are outlined and discussed. It is concluded that in all probability a substantial proportion of the intrinsic connectivity of the rat amygdaloid complex is zinc-containing.The authors thank Ms. M. Sørensen, Mrs. A. Lyhr, Mr. A. Meier and Mrs. K. Wiedemann for excellent technical help.     

Analysis of Protein Pool of Neuronal Populations of Cerebellar Cortex in Rodents of Different Species

The protein pool of neuronal population of the cerebellar cortex was studied by interference cytometry in rodents occupying different ecological niches and differing by life style, nutrition habits, and motor activity. In all cell populations protein concentrations in the cytoplasm were higher than in the nucleus in all studied rodents and did not depend on the functional characteristics of neurons. The extreme values of protein content were determined for populations of granular and ganglion cells. High protein concentrations per volume unit of cell structure were detected in functionally different cerebellar neurons of gray rats, characterized by high motor activity and a certain degree of synanthropy, while low values were detected in mole rats, slow-moving underground rodents. Therefore, the specific protein pool of neuronal populations of the cerebellar cortex of rodents can be regarded as adaptation to habitation conditions.     

Clinical Significance of Levels of Molecular Biological Markers in Zones of Invasive Front-Line of Colorectal Cancer

The role of expression of markers (β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase 9, collagen IV, and laminin) in rimary colorectal adenocarcinomas and their metastases in the liver and lymph nodes of patients with colorectal cancer was studied. High level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in zones of invasive growth of colorectal cancer was associated with high accumulation of β-catenin in cancer cell nuclei in the peripheral zones of 30% studied tumors. The presence of nuclear β-catenin and high content of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the tumor were associated with abnormal accumulation of laminin in the cytoplasm and with the absence of basal membranes containing collagen IV. These changes were characteristic of colorectal cancer with high invasive metastatic potential. It was found that β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase 9, laminin, and collagen IV were important markers for prediction of the clinical course of colorectal cancer. The expression of proteins associated with risk of metastases in the liver was coordinated and most pronounced in zone of invasive front-line of tumors. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 11, pp. 552–555, November, 2008     

Comparison of characteristics of acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules and nevus of Ota according to therapeutic outcome

Both acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM) and nevus of Ota are characterized by the presence of dermal melanocytes. There are no differences in the method of treatment, however, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) develops more often in ABNOM than in nevus of Ota following treatment. We investigated the differences in the development of PIH after treatment between ABNOM and nevus of Ota, and the histopathologic differences in the PIH. A total of 82 patients with ABNOM (n=47) and nevus of Ota (n=35) were treated with Q-switched alexandrite laser and followed up 2 weeks and 3 months later. Biopsies were performed on lesional skin before treatment. The distribution and the amount of melanin pigments were visualized with Fontana-Masson stain, and the distribution and the depth of melanocytes were measured by GP-100 (NK1-beteb) stain. Clinically, there was more erythema and PIH in ABNOM than in nevus of Ota. Histopathologically, intradermal melanocytes were clustered in groups and dispersed perivascularly in ABNOM, while melanocytes were scattered evenly throughout the dermis in nevus of Ota. Both groups show that when there is a statistically significant number of melanocytes in the perivascular area, erythema and PIH occur after laser therapy. In conclusion, indirect vessel injury in addition to perivascular clustering melanocytes might be considered the cause of increased PIH after treatment in ABNOM.     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Role of breakdown products of tissue macrophages in the regulation of granulocytopoiesis

After intraperitoneal injection of breakdown products of rat peritoneal macrophages (BPM) into recipient rats leukocytosis was observed in the peripheral blood with an increase in mature forms of neutrophils and monocytes in the bone marrow and with an accompanying improvement in the oxygen supply of the bone marrow cells (as shown polarographically). Similar changes in the bone marrow were obtained after intraperitoneal injection of cytotoxic quartz dust particles. If mouse BPM were injected intraperitoneally into mice, the formation of granulocytic colonies in the spleen was sharply stimulated in syngenetic mice receiving a suspension of bone marrow or spleen cells taken from these donors by intravenous injection after lethal x-ray irradiation. The results are discussed in the light of the possible role of broken-down tissue macrophages in the formation of colony-stimulating factor and in the autoregulation of phagocytic reactions.Department of Work Hygiene, Research Institute of Work Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, and Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Institute, Sverdlovsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR L. M. Shabad.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 1480–1482, December, 1976.     

类胡萝卜素的生理作用研究

类胡萝卜素是一类广泛存在于自然界的脂溶性色素，体内外研究表明具有抗氧化、抗凋亡和抗癌作用。流行病学研究表明，富含类胡萝卜素的水果和蔬菜等食物能够降低慢性疾病的风险，例如老年性黄斑病变、心血管疾病以及各种癌症。类胡萝卜素通过作用于细胞内信号通路，从而影响基因表达和蛋白质翻译。随着科学技术的发展，类胡萝卜素的生物活性对预防慢性疾病的调控机制，特别是分子方面相关的蛋白表达和生理研究日趋深入。文章简述了类胡萝卜素在细胞内信号传导途径、体内外生理作用以及对人类健康的重要意义。     

Involvement of interferon-alpha in the regulation of apoptosis of cells of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system of aged mice in oxidative stress

The aim of this study was to identify the involvement of interferon-alpha (IA) in controlling apoptosis of cells of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system (HHACS) in young and aged mice in conditions of hyperoxia. Oxidative stress led to increases in the numbers of cells synthesizing the proapoptotic protein c-fos in the paraventricular nucleus in mice of both age groups. However, the protective actions of IA in stress were more marked at the earlier stage of apoptosis in young mice. Thus, the level of involvement of IA in controlling programmed cell death of hypothalamic cells depends on the age of the animals. In the fascicular zone of the adrenals in young mice, the number of dying cells was significantly greater after administration of IA, but remained at the control level in conditions of hyperoxia alone and in combination with IA. The proportion of apoptotic cells in the adrenals of aged mice was no different from that in young mice and did not change in response to any of the treatments used.Translated from Morfologiya, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 23–26, January–February, 2004.     

诱蚊诱卵器不同指标在白纹伊蚊种群动态研究中的应用

为了研究诱蚊诱卵器的不同指标在不同孳生地状态的白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus种群动态研究中的应用效果,2006年在上海市共青森林公园（试验区）和内燃机研究所（对照区）进行实验研究。试验中试验区采用各种方法清除孳生地,对照区不采取任何措施。采用诱卵阳性率,诱卵器平均卵数,诱蚊阳性率记录白纹伊蚊种群动态。结果显示,诱卵阳性率和诱卵器平均卵数在对照区和试验区都有很好的相关性;相比诱卵阳性率,诱蚊阳性率灵敏度在对照区和试验区分别为78．6％和67．6％,特异度分别为96．2％和98．7％,符合率分别为90．3％和94．2％。可见诱蚊诱卵器在不同孳生地水平的场所研究白纹伊蚊种群动态最好指标都为诱卵阳性率,其诱捕成蚊功能是有效补充。     

Role of tactile receptor structures of the tongue in speech sound production of infants of the first year of life

The development of mechanosensory papillae of the tongue in the early postnatal ontogeny is studied by morphological and physiological methods: the tactile receptor structures first appear on the body and root of the tongue and then on its anterior surface. This heterochrony in the formation of tactile papillae of the tongue determines the involvement of its different zones in articulation. The appearance of velar, dorsal, and point consonants in the vocal repertoire of hearing and deaf infants is revealed. The same consequence of consonant appearance is demonstrated in infants of different nationalities. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 2, pp. 129–133, February, 1999     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Posterior Part of the Hypothalamus on the Spike Activity of Neurons in the Oral Nucleus of the Pons

Chronic experiments were performed on four cats to study evoked spike activity in neurons in the oral nucleus of the pons to electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus in the waking, slow-wave sleep, and paradoxical sleep states. A total of 42% of study neurons were found to respond to stimulation during waking. PS-on and PS-off neurons were identified in the oral nucleus of the pons, along with phasic cells showing bursts of activity during the physical manifestations of paradoxical sleep. Stimulation induced inhibitory responses in PS-on neurons, excitatory responses in PS-off neurons, and excitatory and inhibitory responses in 68% and 32% respectively of phasic neurons. The magnitudes of evoked responses in these neurons changed during the sleep-waking cycle. These data demonstrate the involvement of the posterior hypothalamus in controlling the mechanisms of paradoxical sleep, these mechanisms being located in the oral nucleus of the pons.__________Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 90, No. 9, pp. 1094–1102, September, 2004.     

Effect of ligation of the pacreatic ducts on distribution of endogenous serotonin in organs of the gastrointestinal tract

During the 12 months after ligation of the pancreatic ducts in dogs the concentration of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) was studied in the mucous membrane of different parts of the stomach and small intestine, and also in homogenates of pancreatic tissue and in peripheral blood. Considerable and prolonged disturbances of the deposition of endogenous 5-HT were found. The disturbances were characterized by definite patterns for each tissue studied and were connected with changes in the relative constancy of the enteral medium as a result of absence of the pancreatic secretion in the lumen of the alimentary canal.Laboratory of the Pathophysiology of Digestion, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 518–520, May, 1978.     

Analysis of protein pool of neuronal populations of cerebellar cortex in rodents of different species

The protein pool of neuronal population of the cerebellar cortex was studied by interference cytometry in rodents occupying different ecological niches and differing by life style, nutrition habits, and motor activity. In all cell populations protein concentrations in the cytoplasm were higher than in the nucleus in all studied rodents and did not depend on the functional characteristics of neurons. The extreme values of protein content were determined for populations of granular and ganglion cells. High protein concentrations per volume unit of cell structure were detected in functionally different cerebellar neurons of gray rats, characterized by high motor activity and a certain degree of synanthropy, while low values were detected in mole rats, slow-moving underground rodents. Therefore, the specific protein pool of neuronal populations of the cerebellar cortex of rodents can be regarded as adaptation to habitation conditions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 671–674, December, 2000     

甲巯咪唑与糖皮质激素联合治疗甲状腺功能亢进症合并症的效果分析

目的 分析甲巯咪唑与糖皮质激素联合治疗甲状腺功能亢进症合并症的临床效果。方法 收集我院2016年3月~2017年3月收治的130例甲状腺功能亢进症合并症患者作为研究对象,随机分为A组和B组,每组65例,A组采用甲巯咪唑治疗,B组采用甲巯咪唑与糖皮质激素联合治疗。对比两组患者临床疗效以及肝功能情况。结果 B组患者治疗总有效率53.85%高于A组患者的35.38%, 差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后两组患者丙氨酸氮基转氨酶和天门冬氨酸基转氨低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。B组患者治疗后丙氨酸氮基转氨酶和天门冬氨酸基转氨低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 甲巯咪唑与糖皮质激素联合治疗甲状腺功能亢进症合并症效果良好,能促进患者肝功能改善,加速患者恢复,因此可进行临床推广应用。     

液体菌种培养时间对灵芝液体发酵的影响

目的 探讨灵芝液体菌种培养时间对灵芝液体发酵的影响。 方法 将灵芝菌块接种于液体摇瓶菌种培养基中，置于25℃恒温培养箱内静置培养24h，然后分别恒温振荡培养4、5、6d，分别命名为4号、5号、6号液体菌种，把各号液体菌种转接于液体培养基中继续培养，观察不同液体菌种发酵过程中发酵液pH值、菌丝量和胞外粗多糖含量的变化。 结果 在发酵过程中4号菌种的发酵液pH值先下降后上升，其他2个菌种变化不明显。在液体发酵第7天时，5号菌种发酵液中的菌丝量明显高于4号、6号，达到10．2mg／ml。在液体发酵第4天时，4号与5号液体菌种发酵液中胞外多糖的含量最多，6号液体菌种则推迟2d。发酵液中胞外多糖含量以5号最高，4号次之，6号最低。 结论 液体菌种培养时间对于灵芝发酵液中菌丝量有明显影响，而对胞外粗多糖含量无明显影响；6d是灵芝液体菌种最佳培养时间长度。     

运动干预在抑郁症治疗中的应用(综述)

抑郁症是常见的危害人类身心健康的精神障碍之一,由于传统治疗有效率及依从性的限制,运动在抗抑郁症治疗中的应用逐渐引起关注。本文回顾了近五十年国内外相关研究结果,重点综述了近十年运动干预在疗效、干预方案及在不同人群中的应用现状,分析目前研究不足及未来的研究方向,以期为我国应用运动干预治疗抑郁症提供参考,为该领域相关研究的深入开展提供借鉴。     

Effects of blockers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism on expression of mRNA of some hypothalamic neuropeptides

The effects of single injections of 2-deoxyglucose or 2-mercaptoacetate on the expression of mRNA of neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin, and melanin-concentrating hormone in rat hypothalamus were studied byin situ hybridization in order to elucidate the role of these neuropeptides in the mechanisms of alimentary behavior caused by decreased levels of available fatty acids and glucose. The levels of neuropeptide Y mRNA in arcuate nuclei neurons are significantly increased under conditions of glucose deficiency, while the synthesis of melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypothalamic neurons is increased in fatty acid deficiency. These data indicate that glyco-and lipodeprivation are different metabolic signals activating various neuropeptide systems responsible for alimentary behavior. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 8, pp. 180–183, August, 2000     

1200例梅毒流行病学分析

目的对比分析2000-2009年前5年和后5年梅毒患者基本情况的异同,了解梅毒患者的变化趋势,为今后的防治工作提供依据。方法选2000年1月1日至2009年12月31日就诊的梅毒患者病例,共1200例,按前后各5年分为A、B两组,A组756例,B组444例,按事先制定的表格,对两组患者的性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、地区分布、婚姻状况、传染源与梅毒分期等进行统计,比较观察两组患者上述指标的不同,并对其原因进行分析。结果 B组就诊例数比A组有所下降（P〈0.05）;B组一期梅毒占多数,比A组比例高（P〈0.05）;B组梅毒患者中专以上文化水平比例较高,比A组所占比例高（P〈0.05）;B组中农民、学生所占比例明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论梅毒就诊人数虽有所下降,但仍需针对高发人群加强防治以及宣传教育,提倡安全性行为并加强对高危人群的监测,以进一步降低梅毒发病率。