颅内梭形动脉瘤的影像特点及治疗

目的:探讨颅内梭形动脉瘤的影像特点及血管内治疗。方法:对经数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊断的颅内梭形动脉瘤35例的DSA影像、血管内治疗、外科治疗及随诊结果进行回顾性分析并对治疗效果及安全性进行评价。结果:本组病情按Hunt-Hess法分级:Ⅰ~Ⅱ级30例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ~Ⅴ级1例。均经DSA确诊,血管内栓塞12例,外科手术8例,动脉瘤自发性闭塞3例,仅做影像学评估12例。治疗的20例中治愈15例,好转4例,死亡1例。术后发生神经功能缺失2例。DSA复查动脉瘤消失16例,缩小4例。门诊或电话随诊6月至4年,无新的责任症状发生。结论:采用血管内栓塞或闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内梭形动脉瘤的一种微创、安全、有效的方法;DSA是诊断该病和检验治疗效果的可靠手段,近期随诊结果表明血管内栓塞动脉瘤效果可靠,大宗远期随诊结果尚待进一步观察。     

颅内动脉瘤的介入栓塞治疗

目的探讨血管内介入栓塞治疗在脑动脉瘤治疗中的应用价值。方法对15例经血管内栓塞治疗及DSA复查的颅内动脉瘤的DSA影像、介入治疗及随诊结果进行回顾性分析并对疗效及安全性进行评价。结果病情按Hunt-Hess法分级I：级4例,Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例。均经DSA全脑血管造影确诊后采取血管内栓塞治疗,14例动脉瘤致密栓塞,1例动脉瘤大部栓塞。动脉瘤栓塞术后轻偏瘫2例,死亡1例。结论脑动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗成功率高,术后并发症少,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的效果及栓塞技术要点。方法 应用微导管技术,在数字减影血管造影（DSA）监视下,对颅内动脉瘤行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 用电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）成功栓塞183例188个动脉瘤,痊愈182例,死亡1例。结论 血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段。     

颅内动脉瘤的早期GDC栓塞治疗

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤早期行血管内栓塞治疗的优势及可行性。方法 自2001年9月至2002年8月我院经全脑造影(DSA)诊断12例动脉瘤。其中5例于气管插管全身麻醉下行颅内动脉瘤的标准GDC栓塞治疗。术前和术后即刻全脑DSA对比，并对临床症状的恢复进行连续的随访。结果 术后即刻全脑血管造影显示动脉瘤体被栓塞材料(GDC)致密填塞。5例患者随访均恢复良好，生活自理。结论 颅内动脉瘤早期栓塞治疗可以有效地预防动脉瘤再破裂出血，为进一步治疗脑血管痉挛及其症状打下基础。     

蛛网膜下腔出血病因分析及治疗选择

目的对126例经临床确诊的蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者进行全脑血管造影后,得出病因结果。方法通过影像学检查发现相应部位高密度影,及DSA全脑血管造影发现动脉瘤部位。结果动脉瘤多位于前后交通动脉,以单发性动脉瘤最多见。治疗主要包括外科手术夹闭和血管内栓塞两种方法,其中电解铂金弹簧圈电解(GDC)治疗,是动脉瘤的治疗发展方向。结论颅内动脉瘤是SAH最常见病因,目前血管内栓塞是治疗动脉瘤的重要方法。     

颅内动脉瘤可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗

目的：对颅内动脉瘤可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞治疗进行总结，探讨其治疗技术要点。方法：所以病例经股动脉或颈总动脉穿刺插管选择性全脑血管造影确诊，在数字减影血管造影监视下行可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗。结果：成功栓塞26个动脉瘤，复发再次栓塞成功5例，1例因位于C2水平动脉瘤，血流快GDC难以停住，示能成功，1例因经济原因未能致密栓塞。结论：颅内动脉瘤可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗是一项极有价值的治疗方法，开壁了治疗颅内动脉瘤的新途径。     

颅内动脉瘤血管内治疗中复杂情况的处理

目的：探讨l5例在血管内治疗中发生的复杂问题的颅内动脉瘤的处理。方法：窄颈动脉瘤直接采用GDC栓塞治疗、宽颈动脉瘤先用支架成形后再应用GDC栓塞治疗、巨大动脉瘤及假性动脉瘤采用可脱式球囊或弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉。结果：3例窄颈动脉瘤采用GDC栓塞治疗中动脉瘤破裂出血，经继续栓塞后全部治愈；3例宽颈动脉瘤采用支架成形后应用GDC栓塞治愈；9例巨大动脉瘤及假性动脉瘤采用可脱式球囊或弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉后，8例治愈，l例因严重贫血发生脑梗塞而遗留轻度神经功能缺失。结论：采用GDC或微支架辅助GDC血管内栓塞是治疗动脉瘤的一种微创、安全、有效的方法，贫血在行载瘤动脉闭塞时确定脑血流代偿能力的诸因素中具有重要意义。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦段假性动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

目的：探讨外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦段假性动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的方法和疗效。方法：5例颈内动脉海绵窦段假性动脉瘤，其中的4例宽颈假性动脉瘤先植入冠脉孔支架覆盖动脉颈，再将微导管通过支架网孔超选进入动脉瘤腔，填塞电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）；另1例窄颈假性动脉瘤单纯行GDC填塞。结果：所有动脉瘤均成功治疗，动脉瘤填塞均在95％以上，1例宽颈假性动脉瘤行支架结合GDC治疗后复发，经再次填塞GDC后治愈，1随访5－18个月，载瘤动脉通畅，临床效果优良。结论：从本组资料看，窄颈和宽颈假性动脉瘤可分别采用GDC栓塞和血管内支架结合GDC栓塞治疗，血管内支架结合GDC栓塞治疗颈内动脉假性动脉瘤是安全、有效的方法，长期疗效有待进一步随访。     

70岁以上老年人颅内动脉瘤破裂的栓塞治疗

目的探讨〉70岁老年人颅内动脉瘤破裂血管内栓塞治疗的临床疗效。方法选取45例〉70岁经CT检查确诊为蛛网膜下腔出血且全脑血管造影明确诊断动脉瘤破裂出血的患者,按Hunt-Hess分级,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级17例,Ⅳ级及以上13例。经数字减影造影（DSA）发现动脉瘤48个。依据动脉瘤的不同结构和不同位置,采取单纯弹簧圈栓塞、支架结合栓塞与球囊辅助栓塞;术后予＂3H＂、＂尼莫地平＂预防血管痉挛治疗,同时治疗基础疾病。结果成功栓塞44个动脉瘤,栓塞成功率为91.67%。术后评分优良37例,轻度残疾5例,重度残疾1例,死亡2例。结论血管内栓塞可以有效治疗〉70岁患者破裂颅内动脉瘤,防止动脉瘤再次破裂出血,临床效果显著。     

颅内动脉瘤及脑动静脉畸形血管内栓塞治疗（附10例报告）

目的 应用电解式可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤和医用生物胶NABC栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的疗效观察。方法 对4例颅内动脉瘤、6例脑动静脉畸形,在数字减影血管造影（DSA）监视下行血管内栓塞治疗,其中颅内动脉瘤用GDC栓塞,脑动静脉畸形予NBCA栓塞。结果 成功栓塞动脉瘤3例,1例因微导管无法到位未行栓塞;4例脑动脉畸形1次性栓塞彻底,2例巨大脑动静脉畸形栓塞2次后畸形面积减少50%。结论 血管内栓塞是治疗脑动静畸形、颅内动脉瘤较为安全可靠的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.