IPS-Empress铸瓷贴面的临床效果评价

目的评价瓷贴面修复前牙3年后的临床效果。方法127例患者的变色牙、釉质发育不全、切端缺损、前牙间隙、畸形错位牙，用961颗铸瓷贴面进行修复。分别于贴面粘接后2周及6、18、36个月复查。评价修复体完整度、边缘适合度、牙龈健康情况、牙敏感症状及颜色匹配。结果98％以上的贴面完整存在，并有良好边缘适合度；7颗贴面切端有小缺损，4颗下前牙贴面有裂纹，2颗贴面折断、脱落；2周复查时47颗牙有牙龈炎症。此后明显改善；69．3％的牙齿有牙本质过敏症状，但6个月时仅一例仍有症状。2颗牙发生牙髓、根尖炎；无继发龋、边缘变色及明显的颜色不协调。结论铸瓷贴面修复前牙是可靠的，且具有良好的美观效果。     

E-max铸瓷贴面前牙美容修复的临床效果评价

目的评价E—max铸瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的临床应用效果。方法对185颗前牙行E-max铸瓷贴面修复．术后1、6、12个月复查，从瓷贴面完整度、边缘适合性、牙龈健康状况、牙敏感程度、颜色匹配度等方面评价修复效果。结果1、6、12个月复查时，各有1个贴面发生近中切端小缺损，各有17、14、7个贴面边缘卡探针，各有5、3、1颗牙有牙龈炎症。1个月后复查7颗牙有轻度冷热敏感，6个月后敏感消失。所有贴面颜色与邻牙协调。结论E—max铸瓷贴面修复前牙具有较好的美观效果。     

如何修复口腔种植美学区域中种植体与天然牙间的"黑三角"

目的:如何关闭口腔种植前牙美学区域种植体与天然牙间的"黑三角"一直困扰着从事口腔种植工作的外科医生,修复医生和技师,结合我院种植科的7例病例,探讨应用全瓷贴面技术关闭口腔种植美学区"黑三角"的临床效果、技术特点、存在的问题.材料与方法:我科室自2006年12月至2008年5月期间为7例上颌前牙区缺损的患者植入8颗种植体,对与种植体相邻的12颗天然牙冠的颈部,应用IVOCLAR Empress-2铸瓷技术,制作全瓷小贴面,贴面边缘与天然牙冠紧密贴合并移行,根据天然牙冠颈部颜色对贴面进行染色.临床采用树脂粘接技术进行粘接.结果:种植体颈部与天然牙冠颈部间的三角间隙进行关闭自然.临床检查修复体边缘密合,修复体的色泽自然,与天然牙协调.种植体周软组织无牙龈阴影,无炎症,随访中贴面无崩脱.结论:应用全瓷贴面技术关闭口腔种植美学区中种植体与天然牙间的"黑三角"近期效果明显,远期效果有待进一步观察.     

年轻恒前牙冠折再接治疗的效果观察

目的 探讨年轻恒前牙冠折再接治疗的临床效果.方法 选择36例患者40颗外伤冠折的年轻恒上颌前牙,先根据牙髓暴露情况及牙根发育情况对牙髓做间接盖髓、直接盖髓、活髓切断术或根管治疗术.应用复合树脂进行自体牙断冠再接治疗后,随诊3年,观察治疗效果.结果 断冠再接1年成功率97.5％,2年成功率92.5％,3年成功率87.5％.结论 自体牙断冠再接术对于年轻恒前牙冠折是一种有效的暂时修复方法.     

IPS-Empress瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的临床应用

目的:评价IPS-Empress瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的临床效果。方法:收集29例52颗全瓷贴面修复的前牙,定期随访2年。详细记录颜色匹配、表面质地、边缘着色和边缘完整性。结果:52颗瓷贴面,失败3颗,(1个折裂,1个脱落,1个贴面颜色偏差较大)。成功率为94.23%。结论:瓷贴面对四环素牙、氟斑牙、釉质发育不全、牙列稀疏(间隙小于3 mm)、轻度错位牙等具有较好的临床修复效果。     

美观区铸瓷贴面修复的临床效果观察

目的 评价美观区铸瓷贴面修复的短期临床效果.方法 美观区修复病例22例,共105颗IPS e·max铸瓷贴面,采用改良的瓷贴面评价标准评估修复后2年的修复体完整度、修复体磨耗、颜色满意度、边缘染色、边缘适合性、继发龋、牙本质敏感症状及牙龈指数共8项指标.结果 修复后2年,105颗IPS e·max铸瓷贴面,在修复体完整度一项有3颗贴面评估失败：1颗瓷贴面崩折,2颗出现明显影响美观的裂纹;其余7项指标的成功率均为100％.结论 IPS e·max铸瓷贴面应用于美观区修复的短期临床效果良好.     

热压铸造陶瓷制作前牙瓷贴面的临床效果观察

目的:探讨采用热压铸造瓷块制作前牙瓷贴面的临床修复效果.方法:选择要求进行前牙修复的患者32例,共206颗牙.其中,氟斑牙患者20例,轻度四环素牙患者8例,牙唇侧釉质发育不全或釉质表面有明显裂纹患者4例.根据邻牙颜色、皮肤和唇颜色选择瓷块颜色,进行失蜡热压铸造成型,并经过口内试戴、仔细修形后,再在超薄贴面的边缘嵴、切缘等部位进行特殊艺术化染色处理,采用VariolinkⅡ树脂粘固剂黏结超薄瓷贴面.结果:根据改进的USPHS标准评价临床美学修复效果:瓷贴面的半透性极佳,边缘完整性好,与预备体边缘终止线对接密合.经7年多使用,瓷贴面边缘无着色,且能吸收牙龈和邻牙的色泽而产生良好的变色龙作用,同时精雕后的瓷面能够产生自然牙釉质的表面特征.经7年多临床观察,206个瓷贴面仅有5个发生瓷体折裂和脱落.结论:采用热压铸造陶瓷制作瓷贴面,具有操作简单、修复体强度高、磨除牙体组织少、美观效果好等特点,特别适用于氟斑牙、轻度四环素牙、自然磨损牙的美学修复.     

IPS-Empress瓷贴面修复前牙间隙2年的临床评价

目的：评价瓷贴面修复前牙间隙后2年的临床效果。方法：对先天缺失、畸形小牙、后天牙体缺损及其它原因所至牙间隙患者31例用145个瓷贴面进行前牙间隙修复，贴面粘结后2周及6、12、24个月复查。结果：139个贴面完整存在，5个贴面切端有小缺损，1个贴面折断，但未完全脱落；3颗牙在复查时有明显牙龈炎症；1颗牙发生牙髓炎；2个贴面粘结后表面颜色与邻牙不协调；未发现继发龋及不满意的边缘适合度记录。结论：在2年研究期间，用瓷贴面修复前牙间隙具有较完美的临床效果，易被患者接受。     

二硅酸锂铸瓷牙合贴面在牙列重度磨耗修复中的临床应用

［摘要］ 目的 评价二硅酸锂铸瓷后牙牙合贴面的临床效果。方法 对12例160颗重度磨耗前磨牙和磨牙用二硅酸锂铸瓷进行牙合贴面修复,观察3年,按照美国公共卫生服务修正标准对修复体的颜色匹配、边缘着色、修复体折裂、继发龋及边缘适合度等进行评价。结果 后牙牙合贴面中95.62%的颜色为A级,93.75%的修复体无边缘着色,98.13%的修复体完好无损,所有修复体中没有发现继发龋,95%的修复体边缘适合度为A级。结论 二硅酸锂铸瓷后牙牙合贴面近期临床修复效果优良。     

铸瓷贴面对前牙过小牙修复的三年临床效果观察

选择37例患者的前牙区77颗牙髓活力正常的过小牙,用Ips e.max press铸瓷贴面修复。分别于贴面粘接后2周及6、18、36个月复查。评价修复体完整度、边缘适合度、牙龈健康情况、舒适度及颜色匹配。三年内复查,97%以上的贴面完整存在,并有良好的边缘适合度,2颗贴面脱落,重新粘结并调牙合后未曾脱落。2周复查时,20颗贴面有牙龈炎症,经治疗后炎症缓解或消失,仅有2颗牙龈明显退缩。两周时4颗牙齿有牙本质过敏症状,但6个月时仅有1例仍有症状,经反复脱敏治疗无效,十个月时症状加重至牙髓坏死。未发现继发龋,边缘变色及明显的颜色不协调。Ips e.max press铸瓷贴面对前牙区过小牙修复是可靠的,具有较完美的临床效果。     

Clinical evaluation of 546 tetracycline-stained teeth treated with porcelain laminate veneers

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical result of 546 tetracycline-stained teeth restored with a porcelain laminate veneer system (Cerinate, Den-Mat, USA) for aesthetic reasons. METHODS: Tetracycline-stained teeth (546) were restored with a porcelain veneer system, and bonded with Ultra Bond resin cement. The restorations were recalled after 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 years, respectively. Modified Ryge criteria were used to evaluate the veneers marginal adaptation, interfacial staining, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity and the patients' satisfaction of the colour of the restorations. RESULTS: This study found that 99% veneers had excellent marginal adaptations; and less than 1% veneers required rebonding in the first 6 months; the colour of the veneers was stable and no evident staining was found. Almost all patients were satisfied with the colour match of their restorations 1 year after placement. CONCLUSIONS: The research indicated that the porcelain veneer restoration system under investigation provided a reliable and highly satisfactory choice for the aesthetic restoration of tetracycline-stained teeth.     

Treatment of crown fractured incisors with laminate veneer restorations. An experimental study

Abstract A method is described by which crown fractured incisors are restored with cast ceramic (Dicor) laminate veneers after initial treatment with either reattachment of the original crown fragment with a dentin bonding agent, with a composite resin build-up or no treatment (i.e. the veneer alone is used to restore the incisal edge). In order to elucidate the effect of the fragment/composite-tooth bonding interface on fracture strength of the restored teeth, the fracture strengths of the various treatment groups were compared to that of intact teeth supplied with Dicor laminate veneers. In an experimental investigation using central and lateral incisors from sheep, it was found that fracture strength (16.6 ±4.2 MPa) equal to that of intact incisors (16.1 ± 2.6 MPa) could be achieved using laminate veneers made of porcelain on fractured teeth whose crown fragments were reattached using a dentin bonding agent (5). In the present investigation, using the same experimental model but using cast ceramic (Dicor) laminate veneers, the fracture strength of the restored incisors was significantly increased (21.0 ± 3.7 MPa), exceeding that of intact teeth. The fracture strength of intact teeth was also exceeded in veneered incisors which were initially restored with a conventional composite resin build-up (20.2±5.6 MPa). However, the greatest fracture strength (28.2 ±8.9 MPa) was achieved when a Dicor laminate veneer alone was used to restore the fractured ineisal edge. The strength was equivalent to that of intact teeth supplied with Dicor veneers (26.7 ± 6.3 MPa). While fracture strengths of teeth which were initially restored by fragment reattachment and then supplied with veneers exceeded that of intact teeth when veneer preparation was limited to enamel, they were reduced to the half of (hat of intact teeth (i.e. the same strength as teeth initially restored by fragment reattachment and no veneering) if the preparation extended into dentin. In the present experimental model, ii would appear that laminate veneers alone might be used to restore lost incisal edges of crown fractured anterior teeth.     

Comparison of marginal integrity of ceramic and composite veneer restorations luted with two different resin agents: an in vitro study

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to examine the marginal integrity of a composite veneer, Artglass, in comparison to a ceramic veneer, IPS Empress, by using two different luting agents. The study also aimed to evaluate the effect of grit blasting on marginal integrity of IPS Empress ceramic veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 human maxillary incisors were used to construct 14 veneers for each experimental group: (1) Artglass veneers, (2) IPS Empress veneers with grit blasting, and (3) IPS Empress veneers without grit blasting. Veneers were luted with Variolink II High Viscosity and Variolink Ultra. The restored teeth were sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally, and marginal gap width measurements were made at 200x magnification. The data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean marginal gap width varied from 105 to 182 microns. No significant differences were recorded between the marginal gap widths in relation to different types of veneers or luting agents. However, significantly higher marginal discrepancies were observed for the incisal margins of IPS Empress veneers without grit blasting. CONCLUSION: In view of the higher marginal discrepancy of IPS Empress veneers divested without grit blasting, the use of this alternative technique was not beneficial. The use of a highly filled resin luting agent (Variolink Ultra) did not cause an increase in marginal gap widths of the veneers.     

Treatment of crown fractured incisors with laminate veneer restorations. An experimental study.

A method is described by which crown fractured incisors are restored with cast ceramic (Dicor) laminate veneers after initial treatment with either reattachment of the original crown fragment with a dentin bonding agent, with a composite resin build-up or no treatment (i.e. the veneer alone is used to restore the incisal edge). In order to elucidate the effect of the fragment/composite-tooth bonding interface on fracture strength of the restored teeth, the fracture strengths of the various treatment groups were compared to that of intact teeth supplied with Dicor laminate veneers. In an experimental investigation using central and lateral incisors from sheep, it was found that fracture strength (16.6 +/- 4.2 MPa) equal to that of intact incisors (16.1 +/- 2.6 MPa) could be achieved using laminate veneers made of porcelain on fractured teeth whose crown fragments were reattached using a dentin bonding agent (5). In the present investigation, using the same experimental model but using cast ceramic (Dicor) laminate veneers, the fracture strength of the restored incisors was significantly increased (21.0 +/- 3.7 MPa), exceeding that of intact teeth. The fracture strength of intact teeth was also exceeded in veneered incisors which were initially restored with a conventional composite resin build-up (20.2 +/- 5.6 MPa). However, the greatest fracture strength (28.2 +/- 8.9 MPa) was achieved when a Dicor laminate veneer alone was used to restore the fractured incisal edge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of provisional restorations on the final bond strengths of porcelain laminate veneers

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the different provisional restorations cementation techniques on the final bond strengths of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs). Thirty-six extracted human central incisors were sectioned 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction, and crown parts were embedded into self-cure acrylic resin. Standardized PLV preparations were carried out on labial surfaces of the teeth. Then the teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 12 each. In group 1, provisional restorations were cemented with eugenol-free cement. In group 2, prepared teeth surfaces were first coated with a desensitizing agent then provisional restorations were cemented with resin cement. In group 3, provisional restorations were not fabricated to serve as control. After specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 weeks, provisional restorations were removed and final IPS Empress 2 ceramic veneers were bonded with a dual-curing resin. Two microtensile samples from each tooth measuring 1.2 x 1.2 x 5 mm were prepared. These sections were subjected to microtensile testing and failure values were recorded. The data were analysed by one-way anova and Tukey HSD tests. The PLVs, placed on the tooth surface that had received a dentine desensitizer and provisional restorations luted with resin cement (group 2), showed the lowest bond strength in all test groups. But no statistically significant differences were found between the bond strength of PLVs in control group (no provisional restorations) and group 1 (provisional restorations cemented with eugenol-free cement before final cementations). Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of this study also showed that the bonding to enamel surface was better in control group and group 1 than group 2.     

Cerinate瓷贴面在牙齿美容修复中的临床应用

目的：通过对58例患者382颗瓷贴面修复效果的临床观察,评价该技术在牙科美容中的作用.方法：门诊选择382颗需要美容修复的前牙和前磨牙,使用Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统进行修复,于修复后1周、6个月、1年、2年、3年和5年复诊,对患者满意度、贴面脱落、折裂、边缘适合性、修复体颜色及牙龈健康情况等进行评价.结果：临床调查结果显示,1年内100%的瓷贴面具有良好的边缘适合性及牙龈健康状况,修复体色泽稳定,有2个修复体折裂重新制作,3个脱落并再行粘结,1颗牙出现加重的敏感症状而行根管治疗术.所有患者对修复效果均非常满意.结论：Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统是一种可靠的、理想的前牙美容修复方法.     

546例四环素牙烤瓷贴面修复的临床观察

目的 通过546颗前牙瓷贴面修复效果的临床观察，评价该项技术刘四环素变色牙的修复效果。方法 546颗四环素变色牙用Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统进行修复，用改良Ryge评价方法，观察经0.5年、1.5年和2.5年临床使用后贴面的边缘适合性、颜色稳定性及患者对颜色的满意程度。结果 临床调查结果表明，99%的瓷贴面具有优良的边缘适合性，整体脱落率低于1%；瓷贴面颜色稳定；患者对该项修复的长期效果非常满意。结论 研究表明，Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统是一种可靠的、理想的四环素前牙修复方式。     

下颌切牙Empress 2瓷贴面与全瓷冠牙预备体及全瓷修复复合体的抗折裂研究

目的比较下颌切牙Empress 2瓷贴面和全瓷冠牙预备体及修复体粘接后复合体的抗折强度。方法选择人离体下颌切牙50颗,随机分为5组。A组为瓷贴面牙体预备组,B组为全瓷冠牙体预备组,C组为瓷贴面修复组,D组为全瓷冠修复组,E组为完整下颌切牙（对照组）。采用标准化牙体预备过程,Empress 2铸瓷系统及树脂粘接技术完成瓷贴面-牙体和全瓷冠-牙体复合体。使用Instron万能试验机测试5组牙齿的抗折裂载荷值,采用方差分析进行统计学分析。结果A、B、C、D、E组的抗折裂载荷值分别为：（576.11±91.53）、（204.13±85.88）、（451.50±116.81）、（386.16±117.75）、（566.05±121.37）N。经统计学分析,B组抗折裂载荷值低于其他组（P<0.01）;A、E组间的差异无统计学意义,其值最高,高于其他组（P<0.05）;C、D组间的差异也无统计学意义,其值低于A、E组,但高于B组（P<0.05）。结论下颌切牙瓷贴面预备后,牙体抗折能力无明显降低。下颌切牙Empress 2瓷贴面与全瓷冠粘接后,2种复合体的抗折裂能力无明显区别。     

An in vitro assessment of the strength of porcelain veneers dependent on tooth preparation

The treatment of teeth using veneer restorations combines aesthetic and functional improvements with a low destructive technique. Different kinds of tooth preparation techniques are described in the literature for this kind of restoration. This in vitro study aimed to examine the influence of the incisal preparation on the loadability of teeth restored with porcelain laminate veneers. Thirty-six selected mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to three groups with 12 teeth per group. In the first group, only the facial surface was prepared. In the second group, the preparation included a rounded incisal edge and a distinct chamfer lingually. The third group served as an unprepared control. Empress(R) veneers were then fabricated and cemented with a low viscous luting composite material. After 120 days storage in Ringer's solution, the specimens were loaded incisally to the point of failure. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences between the series (P=0.0103). Group 2 (with preparation of the incisal edge) exhibited the lowest fracture resistance (466+/-99 N) (N, mean forces). When prepared only facially, the teeth restored with Empress veneers reached the strength of unprepared teeth. Compared with the biting force described for incisors in the literature, the in vitro loadability reached in this investigation seems to jusitify the clinical use of both preparation designs tested.