血管内皮细胞生长因子基因转染骨髓基质细胞的瞬时表达与稳定表达

目的探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）基因修饰的大鼠骨髓基质细胞（BMCS）的表达能力及表达活性。方法取6周龄SD大鼠BMCS传代培养后以3μl阳离子脂质体（Lipofectamine）：1μg pc DNA3．1-VEGF165的比例转染，通过RT—PCR技术、免疫组织化学S—P法检测转染细胞中外源性VEGF165基因的转录及瞬时表达和稳定表达，用血管内皮细胞（VEC）增殖试验测定转染细胞培养上清中VEGF的生物活性。结果VEGF基因转染的大鼠骨髓基质细胞可有效转录VEGF165，其分泌培养上清液中的表达产物可促进血管内皮细胞增殖，具有很强的生物活性。结论采用基因转染技术可将VEGF转染至BMCS中，并可有效表达具有生物活性的VEGF。     

脂质体介导的VEGF_(165)基因转染对内皮细胞生长的作用

构建血管内皮细胞生长因子基因VEGF165真核表达载体pcDNA3 VEGF165,以阳离子脂质体介导的基因转染技术 ,将基因转入原代培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞中。结果表明 ,基因转染 1h后细胞内就有VEGFDNA存在 ,VEGFmRNA水平显著上升 ;基因转染 2d后培养液上清VEGF蛋白表达显著上升 (135 5 12± 6 2 34)pg/ml和 (19 2 7± 2 96 )pg/ml,P <0 0 1。转染VEGF165基因 2d的内皮细胞再经程序降温冷冻保存复苏后 ,其存活率显著高于对照组 (pcDNA3 组 ) (90 13%± 2 84 %和81 5 2 %± 2 15 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,凋亡率显著低于对照组 (7 15 %± 0 4 2 %和 17 6 1%± 1 5 6 % ,P <0 0 5 )。MTT法显示转染VEGF165基因能促进内皮细胞VEGF蛋白的表达 ,促进细胞增殖 ,抑制细胞凋亡。在治疗心脏及下肢动脉缺血性疾病中 ,VEGF165基因治疗可能具有重要的意义。     

人血管内皮生长因子165基因转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞的蛋白表达

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞是最好的组织工程种子细胞来源,含有血管内皮生长因子165(vascular endothelial growth factor 165,VEGF165)不仅对血管再生和启动成骨修复有重要意义,其持续稳定的释放还能够提高新生骨的矿化程度,增强修复组织的力学性能。 目的：观察hVEGF165基因转染的兔骨髓间充质干细胞分泌血管内皮生长因子的蛋白功能。 方法：体外分离、培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞,纯化并鉴定兔骨髓间充质干细胞;免疫荧光法检测细胞表面标志;传代培养后的骨髓间充质干细胞以pcDNA3.1-VEGF165质粒和脂质体1∶3比例的混合液转染,并分为3组：转染组应用pcDNA3.1-VEGF165转染细胞,空载体转染组应用pcDNA3.1-空载体转染,未转染组不处理。通过ELISA和Western-blot检测转染后细胞中外源性血管内皮生长因子的表达。 结果与结论：转染组与其他两组比较,VEGF165蛋白含量显著增高,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),但空载体转染组与未转染组之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),转染组不同时间点之间VEGF165蛋白含量差异均有显著性意义(P< 0.05),hVEGF165基因转染的骨髓间充质干细胞能成功分泌VEGF165蛋白。提示采用基因转染技术可将hVEGF165基因转染到骨髓间充质干细胞中并可有效表达具有生物活性的VEGF165。     

重组真核表达质粒pEGFP/hVEGF165转染兔成骨细胞条件的优化

背景：血管内皮生长因子能够提高骨细胞的增殖能力,促进骨折局部血管发生,在骨缺损修复过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。 目的：优化重组真核质粒pEGFP/hVEGF165转染兔成骨细胞的条件,为构建新型组织工程骨种子细胞提供实验基础。 方法：体外分离、培养并鉴定兔成骨细胞。分别应用0.8,1.0,1.2 μg的质粒和1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 μL脂质体两两组合,通过脂质体法将重组真核表达质粒pEGFP/hVEGF165转染入兔成骨细胞,转染48 h后倒置荧光显微镜下观察并测定转染率。 结果与结论：随着脂质体剂量的增加,成骨细胞死亡增多。转染48 h后,倒置荧光显微镜下可见细胞质内发绿色荧光的小颗粒成弥散分布,或在核周浓集成块状。其中,脂质体2.5 μL和质粒1.2 μg条件下的转染率最高,可达56%。说明质粒与脂质体之间的交互作用能够显著影响转染率,脂质体2.5 μL和质粒1.2 μg是转染兔成骨细胞的最佳条件。     

人血管内皮生长因子基因的克隆、表达及生物活性分析

目的 克隆人血管内皮细胞生长因子165(VEGF165)基因，构建真核表达载体，观察其对脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖作用和血管新生的影响。方法 利用RT-PCR方法，从人扁桃体组织中扩增人VEGF165 cDNA完整编码区，并构建成pcDNA3．1( )／VEGF165(简称pcDNA／V)重组体；应用脂质体介导的基因转移技术将构建的真核表达载体pcDNA／V体外转染至人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)，MTT法检测其对内皮细胞增殖的影响。建立家兔下肢缺血模型，注射重组质粒pcDNA／V，pcDNA3．1( )空质粒作对照，选取不同时间点，行血管造影。结果 构建的真核表达载体pcDNA／V的酶切电泳分析和测序表明结果正确。pcDNA／V转染HUVEC能明显促进内皮细胞的分裂增殖。血管造影显示，术后基因治疗组远端动脉充盈早于对照组，新生血管数目也明显多于同时期对照组。结论 成功克隆了人VEGF165基因，构建了其真核表达载体。体内外生物学活性研究证实，重组质粒的表达产物具有刺激HUVEC增殖和促进缺血肢体侧枝循环建立的功能。     

血管内皮生长因子165真核基因转染载体转染的骨骼肌细胞

背景：血管内皮生长因子基因转染治疗组织损伤的研究倍受关注,构建稳定可靠的人血管内皮生长因子真核表达载体有重要意义。 目的：克隆人血管内皮生长因子基因血管内皮生长因子165片段,构建pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165真核表达质粒,并验证其转染大鼠骨骼肌细胞的可靠性。 方法：采用反转录-聚合酶链反应技术,从人卵巢癌患者外周血中提取并扩增出血管内皮生长因子165基因片段,通过DNA重组技术将该基因片段重组于pcDNA4-HisMax-C真核表达载体上,构建成pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165重组质粒,聚合酶链反应扩增,分别用酶切电泳分析和DNA测序的方法对提取和重组DNA 进行鉴定。pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165重组质粒转染骨骼肌细胞1周后反转录-聚合酶链反应提取血管内皮生长因子基因并酶切电泳鉴定。 结果与结论：构建的重组质粒目的基因片段为人血管内皮生长因子165 cDNA,对大鼠骨骼肌细胞转染后检测到血管内皮生长因子165基因片段。提示成功地克隆了血管内皮生长因子165基因并构建了其真核表达质粒,能以此为载体转染至骨骼肌细胞,并已整合到骨骼肌的基因组参与转录,证明了其转染的有效性。     

缺氧反应元件启动子表达反义血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)165 cDNA靶向性抑制骨肉瘤细胞VEGF表达

目的以缺氧诱导因子-1/缺氧反应元件(HIF-1/HRE)基因调节系统为载体,构建含HRE启动子的人反义血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)165 cDNA真核表达载体,探讨其对缺氧条件下骨肉瘤细胞VEGF表达的靶向性抑制作用.方法采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和DNA重组技术构建由HRE启动子驱动的含荧光素酶(Luc)报告基因和人反义VEGF165 cDNA全长的真核表达质粒,将其转染骨肉瘤细胞系MG63,用液闪计数仪测定缺氧对报告基因表达的调节,酶链免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测缺氧条件下细胞VEGF表达的变化.结果成功构建了由HRE启动子驱动的含Luc和反义VEGF165 cDNA全长的真核表达质粒pBI-HRE-Luc-AsVEGF165,该质粒转染骨肉瘤细胞系,缺氧条件下可使报告基因在肿瘤细胞中的表达提高3.5×102倍,使肿瘤细胞VEGF分泌下降45%.结论利用肿瘤缺氧,HRE启动子能够实现反义VEGF165的高效表达,为开展靶向性抗肿瘤血管生成治疗提供了实验依据.     

pEGFP—VEGF165重组质粒的构建及在血管内皮细胞中的表达

采用PCR技术,从原核表达质粒PUC19-VEGF165中获得上下游含有HindⅢ和BamH I酶切位点的目的基因VEGF165,与真核载体pEGFP-C1构建重组质粒pEGFP-VEGF165,观察其在内皮细胞中的表达。结果表明,带有绿色荧光蛋白报告基因的真核表达质粒pEGFP-VEGF165构建成功,并在PEI的介导下成功转染脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）,在荧光显微镜下可见强绿色荧光蛋白表达,ELISA检测证明VEGF在细胞上清中有效表达,RT—PCR证明了VEGF165mRNA水平上的有效表达。此研究结果将为再狭窄的基因治疗提供实验基础。     

VEGF_(165)真核表达载体的构建及其对白血病细胞增殖和化疗药物敏感性的影响

目的:构建血管内皮细胞生长因子的真核表达载体,探讨其对白血病细胞的增殖以及化疗药物敏感性的影响。方法:应用常规基因克隆方法构建pEGFP-C1-hVEGF165真核表达载体,转染白血病细胞K562,采用CCK8法检测重组质粒对细胞增殖的影响,RT-PCR方法检测细胞血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)mRNA的表达水平,ELISA方法定量检测细胞培养液和细胞内VEGF蛋白的表达水平,用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果:经酶切鉴定和基因测序证实成功构建了VEGF165真核表达载体。稳定转染pEGFP-C1-hVEGF165的K562细胞较转染pEGFP-C1空质粒的K562细胞增殖加快,VEGF165 mRNA表达明显增加,细胞分泌VEGF蛋白水平上调。转染pEGFP-C1-hVEGF165还可以提高白血病细胞在化疗药物高三尖杉酯碱和氟尿嘧啶作用时的细胞存活率。结论:VEGF165真核表达载体可以上调白血病细胞K562的VEGF mRNA和VEGF蛋白的表达水平,从而促进白血病细胞的增殖,同时可以降低白血病细胞对化疗药物高三尖杉酯碱和氟尿嘧啶的敏感性。     

脂质体介导质粒转染角朊细胞的影响因素

探讨利用脂质体介导真核表达质粒转染体外培养的人角朊细胞的最佳转染条件。体外分离培养正常人角朊细胞 ,培养至 6 0 %、70 %、80 %、90 %及 10 0 %融合时 ,应用不同浓度的LipofectAMINE包被真核表达质粒pCMV·SPORT β gal,分别转染 6、8、10、12及 2 4h。细胞经转染后再培养 48h ,行 β 半乳糖苷酶原位染色 ,镜下观察并计算阳性转染率。被转染的阳性细胞 ,可见质粒 β 半乳糖苷酶基因的良好表达 ;当细胞融合率为 80 %、90 % ,以12 5 μL/ 10 0 μL的LipofectAMINE包被 1 5 μg/ 10 0 μL的pCMV·SPORT β gal,转染时间为 8h的转染率最高 ,可分别达到 (31 35± 1 35 ) %、(32 32± 2 4) %。该实验说明LipofectAMINE可有效地介导真核表达质粒转染培养的人角朊细胞 ;转染率与细胞生长状态、脂质体包被质粒的浓度比例、及转染时间直接相关。     

高血压内皮微粒产生的机制和病理生理学作用

Hypertension is closely related to many target organ damage. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs), derived from endothelial cells in response to endothelial cell activation or apoptosis, are complex vesicular structures with a membrane skeleton and express various antigens specific to parental endothelial cells. EMPs circulate in human plasma and show elevated levels in many vascular damage diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular diseases, sepsis and diabetes. Recent studies have shown that EMPs could be a comprehensive index for endothelial homeostasis monitoring, such as vasomotor activity, anti-inflammatory status and so on. Especially, more and more evidence suggests that EMPs play an important role in hypertension. Patients with hypertension show higher circulating levels of EMPs compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, increasing evidence demonstrates that EMPs can induce endothelial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo, and then further promote the development of hypertension and its complications. This review will summarize the progress in the definition and formation mechanisms of EMPs, levels of EMPs and their phenotypes in patients with hypertension, and the pathophysiological roles of EMPs in hypertension.     

血管内皮生长因子对外周血内皮祖细胞功能的影响

目的: 观察不同浓度血管内皮生长因子(VEGF）对体外培养人外周血内皮祖细胞（EPCs）生物学功能的影响，探讨VEGF促进EPCs分裂生长的合适浓度。方法: 密度梯度离心法获取人外周血单个核细胞（MNCs），接种至人纤维连接蛋白（HFN）包被的培养板上，培养4 d后收集贴壁细胞，换用配有不同浓度（对照组、10 μg/L、20 μg/L、50 μg/L）VEGF的培养基继续培养3 d后进行细胞免疫组化鉴定EPCs，采用MTT比色法、改良的Boyden小室和黏附能力测定实验，观察EPCs的增殖、迁移和黏附能力。结果: 从人外周血能成功分离EPCs细胞，并能分化为血管内皮细胞；从冠心病患者分离的EPCs增殖能力较非冠心病患者弱；VEGF在较低浓度（10 μg/L和20 μg/L）时即能显著促进EPCs生长的各项生物学指标，但高浓度（50 μg/L）时并不能进一步增强这一效应；低浓度（10 μg/L）下VEGF对冠心病患者作用较非冠心病患者弱，高浓度时对两者促进作用相近。结论: 冠心病患者EPCs功能显著减弱，较低浓度的VEGF即可显著增强EPCs的各项生物学功能，可能对损伤血管的再内皮化有益。     

葡萄糖对人脐静脉内皮细胞蛋白C受体表达的影响及吡格列酮的干预作用

目的:研究葡萄糖对人脐静脉内皮细胞蛋白C受体(EPCR)mRNA 表达的影响,以及吡格列酮的干预作用。方法:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),分别以流式细胞术和RT-PCR技术确认HUVECs膜上EPCR的表达水平和 mRNA 水平的表达。再分别以含不同浓度D-葡萄糖(5、10、30、50 mmol/L)的培养基以及含吡格列酮(5、10、20 μmol/L)或不含吡格列酮的高糖(50 mmol/L)培养基孵育HUVECs 24 h,行剂量和时间依赖性实验,并采用实时定量PCR技术测定HUVECs细胞 EPCR mRNA 的表达。结果:随着培养基D-葡萄糖浓度的增加,HUVECs培养24 h后其EPCR mRNA 的表达逐渐下调。在采用吡格列酮干预后, 50 mmol/L高糖处理的HUVECs EPCR mRNA 表达的下调得到明显改善。结论:(1)EPCR 在HUVECs上高表达,高糖可通过下调EPCR mRNA 的表达而损伤内皮细胞功能。(2)吡格列酮可阻止高糖诱导的HUVECs EPCR mRNA表达的下调,从而保护内皮细胞功能。     

Vascular repair by circulating endothelial progenitor cells: the missing link in atherosclerosis?

The integrity and functional activity of the endothelial monolayer play a crucial role in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence suggests that risk factors for coronary artery disease increase endothelial cell apoptosis and lead to a disturbance in the endothelial monolayer. Recent insights suggest that the injured endothelial monolayer is regenerated by circulating bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells, which accelerates reendothelialization and limits atherosclerotic lesion formation. However, risk factors for coronary artery disease such as age and diabetes reduce the number and functional activity of these circulating endothelial progenitor cells, thus limiting the regenerative capacity. The impairment of stem/progenitor cells by risk factors may contribute to atherogenesis and atherosclerotic disease progression. We discuss this novel concept of endothelial regeneration and highlight possible novel strategies to interfere with the balance of injury and repair mechanisms.     

高粘血症大鼠心肌损伤时循环内皮细胞及功能变化

目的探讨高粘血症大鼠心肌损伤时的血粘度与内皮细胞及功能的关系。方法采用Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠通过尾静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐复制心肌损伤动物模型,观察大鼠的全血粘度、循环内皮细胞计数（ＣＥＣ）、血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的浓度变化。结果实验组大鼠血粘度、ＣＥＣ及ＥＴ明显增高,而ＮＯ低于对照组。结论心肌损伤与血管内皮细胞损伤、功能障碍关系密切,由此所致的血管收缩、血液瘀滞可引起血粘度增高。高粘血症与内皮细胞损伤相互作用、影响,形成恶性循环,加重微循环障碍。     

Pleiotrophin: Analysis of the endothelialisation potential

PurposeEndothelialisation of vascular substitutes, in fact, remains one of the most unsolved problems in cardiovascular diseases treatment. Stromal Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) has been largely investigated as an endothelialisation promoter and Pleiotrophin is a promising alternative. Although it has been known to exert beneficial effects on different cell types, its potential as an inducer of proliferation and migration of endothelial cells was not investigated. Therefore, this work is aimed to compare the effects of Pleiotrophin on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells with respect to SDF-1.Materials/methodsEndothelial cell line EA.hy926 was treated with Pleiotrophin (50 ng/ml) or SDF-1 (50 ng/ml). Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and migration assays were performed in Transwell chambers. Wound healing potential was evaluated by scratch wound assay. CXCR4, RPTP β/ζ, PCNA and Rac1 expression was detected by Western Blot.ResultsInterestingly, Pleiotrophin significantly increased the viability of the treated endothelial cells with respects to SDF-1. The migratory ability of the endothelial cells was also improved in the presence of Pleiotrophin with reference to the SDF-1 treatment. Moreover, Western Blot analysis showed how the treatment with Pleiotrophin can induce an increase in the expression of RPTP β/ζ, PCNA and Rac1 compared to SDF-1.ConclusionDue to the significant effects exerted on viability, migration and repair ability of endothelial cells compared to SDF-1, Pleiotrophin can be considered as an interesting molecule to promote re-endothelialisation.     

Endothelial dysfunction—An obstacle of therapeutic angiogenesis

Due to ageing populations and improvements in survival, increasing numbers of patients suffering from ischemic cardiovascular disease are not amenable to revascularization. Hence, interests are currently focused on “therapeutic angiogenesis”, which is the clinical use of growth factors to enhance or promote the development of collateral blood vessels in ischemic tissue. Several growth factors (or genes encoding these growth factors) are now available for therapeutic vascular growth in normal and ischemic tissues. However, the successes of angiogenic therapy observed in pre-clinical studies have not been realized in clinical trials. Most animal studies demonstrating the physiologic effectiveness of angiogenic therapies have been performed in normal young animals, while clinical trials typically enroll older patients with various endothelial disruptive risk factors. The promising results of trials using endothelial function-improving strategies support the hypothesis that the decreased effectiveness of growth factor therapy due to endothelial dysfunction could be a principle reason for failure of trials using growth factors. We will have a retrospection of therapeutic angiogenesis trials and discuss the mechanisms that contribute to an impaired angiogenic response in the setting of endothelial dysfunction. We also briefly explore endothelial function-improving procedures that have the potentially therapeutic benefit of enhancing the angiogenic response.     

Telmisartan increases vascular reparative capacity in older HIV-infected adults: a pilot study

Background: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived cells that contribute to vascular repair. EPCs may be reduced in HIV-infected (HIV+) persons, contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker that increases EPCs in HIV-uninfected adults.

Objective: To assess telmisartan’s effects on EPC number and immunophenotype in older HIV + adults at risk for CVD.

Methods: HIV + persons ≥50 years old with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL on suppressive antiretroviral therapy and ≥1 CVD risk factor participated in a prospective, open-label, pilot study of oral telmisartan 80 mg daily for 12 weeks. Using CD34 and CD133 as markers of early maturity and KDR as a marker of endothelial lineage commitment, EPCs were quantified via flow cytometry and defined as viable CD3^?/CD33^?/CD19^?/glycophorin^? cells of four immunophenotypes: CD133⁺/KDR⁺, CD34⁺/KDR⁺, CD34⁺/CD133⁺, or CD34⁺/KDR⁺/CD133⁺. The primary endpoint was a 12-week change in EPC subsets (NCT01578772).

Results: Seventeen participants (88% men, median age 60 years and peripheral CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count 625 cells/mm³) enrolled and completed the study. After 6 and 12 weeks of telmisartan, frequencies of all EPC immunophenotypes were higher than baseline (all p < 0.10 except week 12 CD133⁺/KDR⁺ EPC, p = 0.13). Participants with lower baseline EPC levels had the largest gains. Additionally, the percentage of CD34⁺ cells with endothelial commitment (KDR⁺) increased.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that telmisartan use is associated with an increase in circulating EPCs in older HIV + individuals with CVD risk factors. Further controlled studies are needed to assess whether EPC increases translate to a reduction in CVD risk in this population.     

四逆汤对同型半胱氨酸损伤的EAhy926细胞caveolin-1和eNOS表达的影响

 目的：探讨四逆汤（Sini decoction,SND）防治内皮细胞损伤的机制及陷窝蛋白1（caveolin-1）和一氧化氮（NO）系统在其中的作用。方法：建立同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)损伤的人脐静脉内皮融合细胞（EAhy926细胞）模型,观察四逆汤的保护作用及其对NO系统和caveolin-1的影响。结果：Hcy加入后细胞生长缓慢,贴壁细胞数明显减少,NO浓度明显减低（P<0.05）,caveolin-1 mRNA和蛋白表达明显增强（P<0.05）,内皮型NO合酶(eNOS) mRNA和蛋白表达明显减弱（P<0.05）;四逆汤处理组贴壁细胞及细胞形态明显改善,NO浓度较Hcy模型组明显升高（P<0.05）,caveolin-1 mRNA和蛋白表达较Hcy模型组明显减弱（P<0.05）,eNOS mRNA和蛋白表达较Hcy模型组明显增强（P<0.05）,其中以四逆汤1.0 kg/L +Hcy 4.0 μmol/L组最明显。结论：Hcy可能通过增加caveolin-1表达和抑制eNOS表达而损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞,而四逆汤通过抑制caveolin-1表达和增加eNOS的表达拮抗Hcy对细胞的损伤。