泸州市市区初中生视力不良情况调查

目的:探讨泸州市市区初中学生视力不良发病及影响因素.方法:采取分层整群抽样方法对市区4所中学一、二年级共1 213例初中学生进行视力检查与无记名问卷调查.结果:1 107例初中学生总视力不良患病率为65.94%,一年级视力不良率63.34%,二年级视力不良率77.45%;男生视力不良率62.52%,女生视力不良率为69.1%.结论:初二学生视力不良率高于初一,女生视力不良率高于男生;遗传因素、眼部疾患对于视力不良的发生均有影响.     

两地小学生高年级近视现状的对比调查

目的通过对比湖北荆门、四川达州两地小学生高年级近视现况,制订预防小学生近视的相关措施提供依据。方法应用随机抽样方法,抽取两地小学高年级学生各200名,对所抽取的小学生进行问卷调查。结果荆门小学生近视率36%,男生35人(32.7%),女生37人(39.8%);达州小学生近视率40%,男生30人(33.3%),女生50人(45.5%)。不同年级间近视率分别为荆门五年级33.3%,六年级39.8%,达州五年级40.8%,六年级39.2%。结论两地小学生近视率均较高,影响因素主要为小学生对健康用眼知而不行、学业繁重、不合理的饮食与运动。     

2009年双鸭山市中小学生营养状况分析

目的了解双鸭山市中小学生营养状况,为制订学生营养改善政策提供依据。方法采用2000年＂中国学生身高标准体重值＂作为评价标准,抽取双鸭山市城区8987名6～18岁中小学生进行营养状况分析。结果中小学生较低体重检出率为40.02%,肥胖检出率为14.24%,营养不良检出率为7.27%,超重检出率为5.09%;男生营养不良和肥胖检出率均显著高于女生;男生营养不良多发生在初高中阶段,女生在高中阶段;男生肥胖多发生在小学和高中阶段,女生则在初中阶段;与1995年比较,10年间城市学生营养不良检出率下降,肥胖检出率上升。结论营养不良防治重点在中学阶段,肥胖防治重点为男生。     

462名卫校学生心理健康调查

目的:了解卫校学生心理健康状况,为提高护生心理健康水平提供资料。方法对分层整群抽取的卫校学生,用症状自评量表(SCL—90)调查。结果阳性检出率为33.6%。男生在敌对和偏执上高于女生,女生在忧郁、焦虑、人际敏感上高于男生。入学成绩≥200分的学生焦虑、偏执高,<200分的学生人际敏感、敌对、强迫症状高;城市学生躯体化、敌对较高,城镇学生在强迫症状、焦虑、抑郁、恐惧较高,农村学生人际敏感较高。以上均有统计学意义。结论卫校学生心理健康水平较低,心理健康问题的重点人群是女生、城市及城镇学生,进行及早、有针对性的心理健康教育很有必要。     

父母控制和自我情绪管理与中学生攻击行为的关联性研究

目的：探讨中学生攻击行为与父母心理行为控制和情绪管理间的关联性，为家庭教育和中学生行为问题干预提供参考。方法：采用随机整群抽样法抽取蚌埠市初中、高中在校学生1 046名，使用父母控制量表、攻击行为量表及情绪管理量表收集资料。数据双录入后采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果：男生攻击行为得分低于女生(t=2.565,P=0.01),初二学生攻击行为得分高于初三、高一及高二的学生(P值均<0.05)。男生情绪管理得分高于女生，初二学生情绪管理得分低于初三、高一及高二学生(P值均<0.05)。不同性别中学生间父亲行为控制和心理控制得分比较，差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);不同年级中学生间父母心理控制和行为控制得分比较，差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。父亲心理控制、母亲心理控制及母亲行为控制得分与中学生攻击行为得分呈现正相关(r值分别为0.263,0.271, 0.094,P值均<0.05)。情绪管理在父母心理控制与青少年攻击行为间起中介作用，在母亲行为控制与青少年攻击行为间起遮掩效应。结论：情绪管理在父母控制与中学生攻击行为中具有中介作用...     

长春市朝鲜族初中生肥胖现状分析

目的调查朝鲜族初中生的肥胖状况及肥胖学生与体质量正常学生个性特征的差异。方法体质量指数（BMI）=体质量／身高^2（kg／m^2），根据季成叶推荐的中国青少年BMI超重／肥胖筛查分类标准法计算儿童的BMI值，以体质量超过相应性别、年龄的BMI肥胖值为肥胖。结果本次调查检出肥胖学生为71名，肥胖患病率为11．49％。女生肥胖患病率为16．50％，男生肥胖患病率为10．65％，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；初中一年级肥胖患病率为10．34％，初中三年级肥胖患病率为13．12％，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论长春市朝鲜族中学生肥胖患病率为11．49％，女生患病率高于男生，初中三年级学生高于初一年级。     

青岛市中小学衔接过程中学生心理行为问题调查

目的:调查研究中小学衔接期学生心理行为问题.方法:对200名六年级学生评定焦虑自评量表(SAS)、儿童行为量表(父母用),升入初中一年级后再次评定,比较小学升初中后学生心理行为的变化.结果:小学六年级焦虑检出率为3.5%,初一焦虑检出率为3.0%;六年级与初一两时间段学生焦虑检出率总体无统计学差异(x2=0.08,P>...     

医学类专科学生吸烟情况调查分析

目的了解医学类专科学生吸烟情况,分析发生的原因并提出防护对策。方法抽样调查433名(男生262人,女生171人)医学类专业专科学生进行问卷调查。结果学生吸烟率为33.72%,其中男生为46.18%,女生为14.62%。三年级的吸烟率明显高于一至二年级。吸烟者中以轻度吸烟量占大部分,吸烟3年以上者较多。结论影响学生吸烟主要与社会、同学、朋友、家庭等方面因素有关。吸烟对健康影响的认识绝大部分学生(82.5%)认为有害。     

对沂源县中学生视力不良率的调查分析

目的：了解目前沂源县中学生视力不良率的情况及其相关因素和预防方法。方法由经过统一培训的县疾控中心人员于2013年10对本县初中生和高中生进行视力检查，了解本县中学生视力不良情况并对此进行了相关的调查分析。结果沂源县初中生视力不良率男生为35.65%，女生为41.26%，高中生视力不良率男生为69.43%，女生为80.81%.结论从以上数据可以看出，高中生的视力不良率远远高于初中生，而且在查体中发现视力不良率与年级成正比，随着年级增高，视力不良率也随之增高，这些问题应引起大家的高度重视。     

某医学职业技术学院学生性行为的特征及其影响因素

目的:了解武汉大学医学职业技术学院学生性行为现状及其影响因素,为指导青春期性健康教育提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法随机抽取职院中职1~3年级、高职1~2年级医学专业学生进行匿名问卷调查,收回有效问卷1091份。结果:男生性行为发生率为19.1%,女生为7.5%,差异具有统计学意义。第一次性行为中,仅有17人使用了避孕套(17.9%),近一年中有性行为的学生中从不使用避孕套占33.8%。Logistic回归分析显示,男生、谈过恋爱、生活在不完整家庭的学生发生性行为的概率较大。结论:该院学生性行为发生率较高,应针对性开展性和生殖健康教育。     

Medical education for students in compulsory education: the conception of the preparation of three graded textbooks and preliminary evaluation of lectures using these textbooks

The school pharmacist in our hospital pharmacy used three graded textbooks about medicine for students at the Sukagawa School for the Health-Impaired (Fukushima Medical University Hospital Branch (H. I. school)). A revised textbook for 4th-6th grade elementary school students containing 12 important items of information about medicine, a new picture textbook for 1st-3rd grade elementary school students, and a new textbook containing practical data for junior high school students were prepared by supplementing original information with illustrations, simplified expression and large type face. Additionally, the pronunciation of Chinese characters was included in the textbook for the 1st-3rd grade elementary school students. In this study, 9 students from H. I. school and 37 students from Koyase junior high school took part in a questionnaire and an examination evaluating the usefulness of the lectures, and these textbooks, in regard to the student's recognition and understanding of medicine. Most students answered that the lectures and textbooks helped them to understand medicine. Furthermore, the results of the examination indicated that the students had a general understanding of medicine. In conclusion, we suggest that it is important for students in compulsory education to learn about medicine, and that according to the preliminary result of questionnaires and examinations, both the lectures and textbooks were useful to help the students to understand more about medicine.     

Recent Alcohol,Tobacco, and Substance Use Variations Between Rural and Urban Middle and High School Students

The use of addictive substances by adolescents is a major public health concern; however, rural versus urban variations are poorly understood. The purpose of the current study was to examine rural-urban differences in the prevalence of recent use of 11 substances in grades 6 through 12 in a statewide sample of students from the Georgia Student Health Survey II (N = 513,909). We found that rural-urban differences in substance use depend largely upon grade level, with rural middle school students demonstrating higher rates of alcohol, smoking tobacco, and chewing tobacco use, and urban high school students demonstrating higher rates of illicit drugs.     

遵义市2型糖尿病患者社会支持及应对方式的调查分析

目的通过对在遵义医学院附属医院内分泌科就诊的2型糖尿病患者的心理社会支持、应对方式状况调查,为2型糖尿病患者的心理干预提供参考。方法采用自编一般情况调查表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、应付方式问卷对在遵义医学院附属医院内分泌科就诊的2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查。结果 2型糖尿病患者社会支持量表女性主观支持高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010);无配偶者对社会支持的利用度高于有配偶者,差异有统计学意义(P=0.020);高中文化的患者客观支持和对社会支持的利用度高于小学文化患者,差异有统计学意义(P=0.047、0.001);初中文化的患者对社会支持的利用度低于高中文化患者,差异有统计学意义(P=0.022);高中文化的患者主观支持和对社会支持的利用度高于大专以上文化患者,差异有统计学意义(P=0.022、0.024)。应付方式量表在自责因子上小学、初中文化的患者高于大专以上文化患者,农村高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在解决问题因子上高中、大专以上文化的患者高于小学文化患者,高中文化的患者高于初中文化患者,城市高于农村,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论性别、婚姻状况、文化程度等是影响遵义市2型糖尿病患者社会支持的主要因素;文化程度、家庭居住地等是影响患者应对方式的主要因素。糖尿病心理干预工作应有重点、分对象,提供综合性的干预措施和有针对性的防控方案。     

Adolescent smoking behavior in Japan, 1996.

We conducted second nationwide survey on smoking behavior among Japanese high school students. The survey was a cross-sectional sampling survey. The survey's targets were junior and senior high schools throughout Japan. Sample schools were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were sent to sample schools for all students to fill out. 65.6% of the junior high schools and 67.0% of the senior high schools were responded to this survey. A total of 117,325 students responded and 115,814 questionnaires were subjected to analysis. 7.5% of boys and 3.8% of girls in the 1st grade of junior high school were classified as current smokers, compared with 36.9% of boys and 15.6% of girls in 3rd grade of senior high school. Less than 1% of boys and girls in the 1st grade of junior high school were classified as daily smokers, this figure increased markedly by the 3rd grade of senior high school to reach 25.4% of boys and 7.1% of girls. Of students in the 3rd grade of senior high school, 21.2% of boys and 9.9% of girls had tried smoking before 13 year of age. Cigarette consumption also increased with age, although the proportion of those smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day did not. The major source for cigarettes among current smokers was vending machines. This survey revealed that smoking prevalence among Japanese high school students has already reached quite high level. Comprehensive energetic measures for control minor smoking are necessary in Japan.     

深圳市950名初中生心理健康调查分析

目的探讨初中阶段青少年心理发展状况,研究青春期特定生理事件对青春期心理发展的影响。方法采用"中国青少年心理健康量表"对万科城实验学校初中学生行问卷调查,收回问卷950份。结果初三男生异常心理现象普遍增高,其中敌对情绪、焦虑症状、情绪不平衡因子的发生率明显高于初一(P<0.01),敌对情绪与情绪不平衡因子发生率明显高于初二(P<0.05),对比有统计学意义。初二女生异常心理现象相对突出,其中人际关系紧张与敏感、抑郁、焦虑、适应不良、情绪不平衡等因子的发生率明显高于初一(P<0.05),强迫症状因子发生率明显高于初三(P<0.01),对比有统计学意义。结论由于月经、遗精、第一性征成熟、第二性征出现等特定生理事件的影响,初中男女生在自我意识转变过程中,易出现自我同一性混乱,产生一些异常心理,女孩发生转变的年龄较男孩早约1年半。     

Evaluation of a junior high school primary prevention program

A two-year primary prevention program for junior high school students was evaluated. The program consisted of drug education, “alternatives,” and affective in-service training for the students' teachers. Students in one junior high school received the intervention and students in another school served as a no-treatment control group. The students were pretested at the beginning of 7th grade and posttested at the end of 8th grade. Positive effects were found for females on several drug-related variables; few effects were found for males. The findings are discussed with regard to the individual prevention strategies.     

城乡12~15岁中学生口腔健康知信行调查分析

目的 比较城乡12~15岁中学生对口腔健康知识知晓率及信念和行为的情况,为开展中学生口腔预防保健工作提供科学依据.方法 自制调查问卷,选取安徽省城乡在校中学生一共810人进行问卷调查,对结果进行统计学分析.结果 在口腔健康知识认知方面,城乡学生在吃糖会引起龋病和预防口腔疾病首先靠自己方面的认知差别不明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).然而,在细菌引起龋病、口腔健康影响全身健康、定期口腔检查十分必要、窝沟封闭可以保护牙齿方面,城市中学生的掌握情况要高于乡镇中学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).在口腔卫生行为方面,比较每天刷牙2次、使用牙线、使用含氟牙膏的比例,发现城市中学生明显要高于乡镇中学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 城乡12~15岁中学生对口腔健康知识知晓率及信念和行为有较大差异,应加强对中学生口腔健康知信行的指导.     

Effects of a brief alcohol preventive intervention for youth attending school sports physical examinations

This pilot study examined the feasibility and efficacy of a brief alcohol misuse preventive intervention for 178 7th-9th grade junior high school students attending sports physical examinations at three schools during the Summer of 1997. At 6-month posttest, fewer suburban intervention youth intended to use alcohol during the next 6 months (chi2 = 7.01, 1 df, p = .01), and fewer rural intervention youth used alcohol during the past 30 days (chi2 = 4.65, 1 df, p = .04), compared to control youth. When suburban and rural school samples were collapsed, intervention youth had significantly lower alcohol use on three of four measures than control subjects (p's < .05).