慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后复发的危险因素

目的 探讨慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）钻孔引流术后复发的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2018年8月至2022年3月钻孔引流术治疗的188例CSDH的临床资料。术后6个月随访判断复发情况,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析术后复发的危险因素。结果 术后6个月,17例复发,复发率为9.04%;171例未复发。多因素logistic回归分析显示,血肿厚度>25 mm、双侧血肿、高密度血肿是CSDH钻孔引流术后复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 CSDH钻孔引流术后具有一定的复发率。如果存在血肿厚度>25 mm、双侧血肿、高密度血肿等情况,CSDH病人钻孔引流术后复发的风险明显增高,应采取针对性措施预防复发,并密切随访。     

高龄慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的危险因素分析

目的探讨高龄慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)钻孔引流术术后血肿复发的潜在危险因素。方法选择中国科学技术大学附属第一医院2015年4月～2017年6月之间接受钻孔引流术治疗的高龄CSDH患者129例,将其分为复发组和未复发组,对各变量进行单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析。结果 129例CSDH患者钻孔术后6个月内共有13例复发(10.08%)。通过单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析显示,患者的血肿类型(混杂密度型)、血肿厚度及糖尿病与CSDH钻孔术后复发有关;而血肿混杂密度型(P=0.019,OR=2.954)和糖尿病(P=0.011,OR=24.580)是CSDH钻孔引流术后复发的独立危险因素。结论混杂密度型血肿和糖尿病是高龄CSDH钻孔引流术术后复发的独立危险因素,可根据患者的具体临床特点提供个体化的治疗及随访方案,尽量提高高龄CSDH患者的生活质量。     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)术后复发的因素。方法回顾我科自2006年3月至2010年9月手术治疗243例CSDH患者的临床特点、影像学表现、手术方法及术后处理,Logistic回归分析术后复发相关因素。结果术后复发37例,复发率为15.23%。复发的37例患者平均年龄70岁。其中因凝血功能障碍复发者28例;头颅CT血肿为高密度者复发6例,等密度者复发14例,低密度者复发4例,混杂密度者复发13例;因术后大量颅内积气复发者3例;血肿位于单侧复发19例,双侧复发18例。结论患者的年龄,凝血功能障碍,血肿的性质、部位,术后颅内积气和引流量的多少影响CSDH患者的预后。     

慢性硬膜下血肿复发的影像学因素分析

目的通过影像学检查评估慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）复发的危险因素。 方法收集2014年1月至2018年12月在南通大学第二附属医院神经外科接受CSDH手术治疗的113例患者的临床资料。所有患者均接受钻孔外引流手术治疗,术后随访时间超过3个月,比较复发组与未复发组患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析CSDH患者复发的危险因素。 结果113例患者中,术后复发患者10例,未复发患者103例,术后复发率8.8%。复发组患者与非复发组患者在性别、年龄、术前血肿厚度、中线偏移比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,复发组与未复发组患者的血肿类型、血肿侧别比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入Logistic回归分析,结果显示术前分隔分层和双侧血肿是CSDH复发的独立危险因素。 结论影像学术前血肿分隔分层型和双侧血肿是CSDH复发的危险因素。     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的多因素分析

目的 探讨慢性硬膜下血肿(chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH)术后复发的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析171例CSDH患者的临床资料.结果 本组CSDH患者术后共有18例复发,复发率为10.5%.单因素χ＜'2＞检验显示CSDH术后复发与年龄、血肿密度、血肿位置、中线移位、Bender分级、脑萎缩分级、引流量和出血倾向相关(P＜0.05).与性别、麻醉方式和有无外伤史无关(P＞0.05).Logistic多因素分析显示年龄,血肿密度、中线移位、Bender分级、脑萎缩分级和出血倾向为CSDH患者术后复发危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 CSDH患者的年龄、血肿密度、中线移位、Bender分级和出血倾向与患者的预后密切相关,应针对复发的高危因素,做好相应的防治工作.     

慢性硬膜下血肿锥颅穿刺术后并发症原因分析

目的探讨分析YL-1型一次性血肿粉粹穿刺针治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)术后并发症的原因。方法回顾2003～2008年行锥颅穿刺手术治疗的83例CSDH患者的临床资料,并结合有关文献进行分析。结果术后出现并发症5例,发生率为6.0%.5例患者平均年龄69.6岁。其中因自身有免疫系统疾病血肿复发1例,CT检查示等密度到混杂密度者血肿复发2例,术后大量颅内积气1例,术后急性硬膜外血肿1例。结论患者的年龄、基础疾病、凝血机制异常、血肿的密度、术后积气和穿刺技术熟练程度是影响CSDH患者术后并发症的重要原因。     

慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术中持续冲洗的临床效果

目的 探讨持续冲洗在慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）钻孔引流术中的临床效果。方法 自2009年3月至2013年9月采用钻孔引流术治疗CSDH患者269例,术中采用持续冲洗。结果 术后随访6个月,血肿复发11例,长期残留少量积液15例,243例硬膜下积液、积气均逐渐吸收至完全消失。结论 CSDH钻孔引流术中采用持续冲洗可减少术后颅内积气、降低血肿复发率。     

38例慢性硬脑膜下血肿钻孔引流术后复发分析

目的探讨影响慢性硬脑膜下血肿（Chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH）术后复发因素。方法回顾1995～2005年作者手术治疗38例CSDH患者,并结合有关文献资料进行相关分析。结果术后复发4例,复发率为10.02%,复发的患者平均年龄64岁。其中因术后颅内大量积气复发1例,高密度复发1例,等密度到混杂密度复发2例。结论患者的年龄、凝血机制异常、血肿的密度、术后积气和引流量的多少影响CDSH患者的预后。     

慢性硬膜下血肿的CT影像学特征对其术后复发的影响

目的 研究CT影像学特征对慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)术后复发的影响及其之间的关系。方法回顾分析272例经手术治疗的CSDH患者的临床资料。采用单因素分析CSDH的CT影像指标(血肿密度、厚度及中线结构移位)与其术后复发的关系;对单因素分析有统计学意义的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,分析CSDH复发的影响因素。结果 不同血肿厚度、中线结构移位患者的CSDH术后复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P 0. 001);不同血肿密度患者的CSDH复发率的差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。多因素分析显示,血肿厚度大于20 mm以上(厚度 30 mm的OR值为35. 995,95%CI 2. 067～626. 841,P 0. 05),以及中线结构移位大于10 mm以上(移位 20～30 mm的OR值为118. 310,95%CI 9. 553～1465. 196,P 0. 001)是CSDH复发的独立影响因素。结论 血肿厚度和中线结构移位是CSDH术后复发的独立影响因素,与CSDH术后复发有密切的关系。     

慢性硬膜下血肿硬膜下引流时间与血肿复发的关系

目的 探讨慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）硬膜下引流时间与血肿复发的关系。方法 回顾性分析2017年3月至2022年10月单钻孔引流术治疗的114例CSDH的临床资料。根据术后引流时间分为三组：0～8 h组（n=47）、9～16 h组（n=33）、17～24 h组（n=34）。随访90 d,观察术后血肿复发情况。结果 144例中,术后复发20例,死亡4例;其中0～8 h组血肿复发14例（29.79%）,死亡3例（6.38%）;9～16 h组血肿复发4例（12.12%）,无死亡病例;17～24 h组血肿复发2例（5.88%）,死亡1例（2.94%）。0～8 h组血肿复发率显著高于9～16 h组和17～24 h组（P<0.05）,而三组病死率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,引流时间较短是术后血肿复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 CSDH单钻孔引流术后硬膜下引流的早期终止与血肿复发风险增加有关。早期监测术后硬膜下引流时间并预防早期引流终止可能有助于降低血肿复发率。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -