中药紫菀AFLP技术参数的优化与分析

目的:探讨影响紫菀扩增片断长度多态性(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism,AFLP)的各种因素,建立并优化紫菀AFLP反应体系,为研究紫菀分子品质性状的技术平台奠定基础。方法:CTAB法提取紫菀基因组DNA,分别用一步法和两步法进行酶切与连接,分别进行预扩增、选扩后,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,银染检测。结果:本研究建立了适用于紫菀的AFLP体系:用乙醇沉淀DNA,建立的模板不含PCR反应抑制剂及其他酶反应抑制剂,可被限制性内切酶MseI和EcoRI完全酶切;确定两步法进行酶切、连接,酶切时间为37℃3h,连接时间为16℃过夜,缓冲液选用NEB公司Buffer2;选择性扩增后的银染显色在10℃以下。结论:本研究建立的反应体系适用于紫菀基因组DNA的AFLP研究。     

白木香基因组DNA的提取及AFLP银染体系的建立

用改良的CTAB法提取不同居群的白木香基因组DNA，通过优化AFLP技术中关键步骤的参数，建立适合白木香的AFLP银染反应体系。结果表明，改良的CTAB法提取的白木香基因组DNA纯度高，完整性好，满足AFLP分析的要求；250ng的基因组DNA用EcoRI和MseI37℃消化3h后可以被完全酶切，酶切产物和接头经16℃连接过夜后，用带有一个选择性碱基的引物和带有3个选择性碱基的引物分别进行预扩增和选择性扩增，扩增产物经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离，用AgNO3染色得到了清晰的指纹式样，为下一步的遗传分析奠定了基础。     

POR-RFLP分析16s～23s rDNA间区序列鉴定分枝杆菌菌种

目的 探讨16s～23s rDNA间区序列DNA PCR扩增和限制性酶切分析在分枝杆菌分类鉴定中的价值.方法 对19种分枝杆菌标准株的16s～23s rDNA间区序列DNA进行PCR扩增并对扩增产物进行限制性内切酶Hae Ⅲ、MSP1消化反应,分析不同菌种扩增片段及其限制性片段长度多态性的差异.结果 PCR扩增结果显示:分枝杆菌一般扩增出1～2条带,缓慢生长分枝杆菌扩增片段在340～480bP,快速生长分枝杆菌扩增片段集中在470～575 bP,单从扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳只能鉴定33.3%的受试菌种,酶切结果显示:分枝杆菌的酶切图谱彼此不同.结论 16s～23s rDNA间区序列DNA PCR扩增和RFLP分析是分枝杆菌分类鉴定的一种快速、有效的方法.     

构建干扰RhoA的短发夹RNA真核表达载体

目的利用pGenesil-1质粒构建针对RhoA的短发夹RNA(shRNA)表达载体。方法设计2个shRNA结构的互补DNA序列,经退火成双链,胶回收酶切pGenesil-1大片段,T4DNALigase连接酶切大片段和DNA序列,得到质粒pGenesil-1-RhoA1和pGenesil-1-RhoA2.转化感受态细胞DH5a,扩增,提取重组质粒进行酶切鉴定。结果成功构建靶向RhoA的shRNA重组质粒载体.酶切鉴定和测序分析重组质粒,shRNA编码序列与设计的片段完全一致,经酶切凝胶电泳证实载体构建成功。结论表达靶向RhoA的shRNA表达框成功构建在重组质粒载体上。     

质粒提取及酶切图谱鉴定

本实验是采取碱变性方法从重组大肠杆菌中提取质粒DNA,并用EcoR Ⅰ,BamH Ⅰ两种限制性内切酶对质粒DNA进行适当酶切,然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳对DNA酶切图谱加以鉴定。通过在紫外灯下观察电泳结果,证实利用碱变性方法提取质枉,同时通过酚氟仿抽提,得到的质粒DNA纯度比较高。并且证实酶切图谱与预计相符。从而说明在一般工厂的实验务件下可以进行操作。     

CAT基因突变热点区域的PCR扩增方法

目的探讨过氧化氢酶基因突变热点区域PCR扩增方法,提高PCR反应的特异性和灵敏度,有助于快速检测CAT基因相关疾病。方法从人静脉血液标本提取人血液基因组DNA,设计引物扩增特定的CAT基因片段,联合应用热启动PCR和降落PCR技术。结果建立了重复性好,分辨率高的PCR反应体系。结论建立了适用于CAT基因突变热点区域的PCR反应体系,有助于快速检测CAT基因相关疾病。     

珠子参ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化

目的建立珠子参的ISSR-PCR适宜扩增反应体系和程序,为其深入研究奠定基础。方法采用新型植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取珠子参总DNA,并用正交设计实验对其ISSR反应体系条件进行筛选及优化。结果提取的基因组DNA纯度和完整性较好,A260/A280值在1.8².0之间,DNA无降解现象,可满足ISSR-PCR扩增要求。珠子参ISSR分析的最适反应体系为:在20μL PCR反应体积中,含10ng模板DNA、0.20mmol·L-1dNTPs、1.5μmol·L-1引物、3U TaqDNA聚合酶、2μL10×PCR Buffer、3mmol·L-1 Mg2+。扩增程序为:95℃预变性5min,94℃变性30s,58℃退火30min,72℃延伸1min,循环40次,72℃延伸10min。由此可获得带型丰富和清晰可辨的DNA指纹图谱。结论建立的ISSR-PCR反应体系可用于研究珠子参的遗传变异和遗传多样性。     

天麻AFLP优化体系中的引物筛选

目的：筛选引物组合,建立天麻DNA指纹图谱研究中能对反应产物进行分组分析且稳定、可靠的天麻AFLP技术平台。方法：依托天麻AFLP优化体系,筛选出选择性引物组合,进而确定预扩增引物组合、接头及限制性内切酶组合。结果：将筛选出的引物组合应用到天麻AFLP反应优化体系,得到的产物能在1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱上生成清晰、完整、可分离的谱带,多态性好且便于分析。结论：筛选出的引物组合利于建立能对反应产物进行分组分析的、标准化的天麻AFLP反应程序。     

九眼独活基因组DNA提取、ISSR反应体系优化及引物筛选

目的探讨九眼独活基因组DNA提取方法、ISSR反应体系优化及引物筛选,为研究九眼独活居群遗传多样性及原药材DNA鉴定奠定基础。方法采用改良的CTAB法与常规CTAB法对九眼独活的基因组进行提取,通过紫外、电泳、PCR-ISSR检测方法进行比较。结果实验表明,改良的CTAB法得到的DNA浓度和纯度较高,并可很好地应用于ISSR分子标记分析;以Mg2+、dNTP、引物和聚合酶建立L9(34)正交设计,并同时考察退火温度和模板浓度,建立适宜的25μLISSR-PCR体系为:模板30ng,Mg2+3.5mmol.L-1,dNTP0.6mmol.L-1,引物0.4μmol.L-1,Taq酶1U。结论以此体系为基础进行引物筛选,在40条ISSR引物中筛选出13条扩增条带清晰、多态性较高、重复性好的引物。     

基于5S-rRNA 基因间区碱基序列鉴定繁缕

目的建立快速准确鉴定民间药繁缕(Stellariamedia)的方法。方法首次利用DNA分子鉴定技术对繁缕及混淆品牛繁缕(Myosotonaquaticum)进行了5SrRNA基因间区的PCR扩增和测序。结果DNA序列和限制性酶切谱可以用于鉴定繁缕及牛繁缕。同时对石生繁缕(S.vestita)、长叶繁缕(S.longifolia)及垂梗繁缕(S.radians)进行了5SrRNA基因间区的PCR扩增和测序,认为上述5种植物各自的DNA序列和限制性酶切谱可用于繁缕属分子系统学研究。结论该方法可用于药用植物繁缕的鉴定及繁缕属分子系统学研究。     

Readmissions for treatment for alcoholism

First admissions and readmissions for alcoholism have risen steeply in recent decades. This study looked at readmission histories for four cohorts of alcoholics first admitted to inpatient psychiatric treatment in 1967-68, 1973, 1977 or 1979. Over the twelve years the first cohort was observed, alcoholics on average spent 254 days in treatment and had 2.14 alcohol-related readmissions. However the distributions were very skewed: 50% stayed less than 92 days and 45.6% had no readmissions at all. All four cohorts yielded similar results over comparable time periods and all showed markedly skewed distributions reflecting the diversity of readmission histories among alcoholics. Policy decisions about alcoholism inpatient treatment must take account of this diversity.     

Projections for insulin treatment for diabetics

The evolution of insulin treatment of diabetes has dramatically changed the natural course of this disease. Modern recombinant DNA technology has brought about many new insulin analogues with improved pharmacokinetics, resulting in better glycemic control. In addition, improved insulin delivery systems, such as insulin pumps and pens, have been introduced to provide convenience and to enhance patient compliance. Efforts are currently being devoted to developing noninvasive insulin formulations, such as oral and pulmonary insulin. A number of products are at different stages of clinical trials. Meanwhile, the quest for a permanent cure for diabetes continues. The frontier of diabetes research has gone through a period of substantial expansion, with the emergence of new areas that include gene therapy, islet cell transplantation and diabetic vaccine. Technological breakthroughs, such as recombinant DNA, nanotechnology, microarray-aided genomics and proteomics, will provide more profound insights into the pathogenesis, and the immunological and biological basis of diabetes. Our growing knowledge in these areas will ultimately contribute to the discovery of preventive methods against or a cure for this disease.     

Control of craving for methamphetamine: development of scales for dependence and search for medicines for treatment]

Methamphetamine dependence presents a serious problem not only for patients but also for society. Medical treatment has mainly targeted psychotic symptoms such as hallucination and delusion, and ignored the symptoms of craving, which are the major cause of dependence. Therefore, the risk of lapse into methamphetamine reuse remains very high. Although development of both medicines and programs for treatment of craving is needed, progress has been hampered by the lack of appropriate scales for assessing the severity of dependence and craving. On the other hand, recent breakthroughs in genomic sciences and molecular medicine have made it possible to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying craving in animals. This paper reviews studies on the development of scales for assessing the severity of methamphetamine dependence and craving, together with recent data on candidate medicines for craving treatment in animals. The reliability and validity of the revised Addiction Severity Index -Japanese version (ASI-J) was confirmed after its administration to 100 drug abuse patients. The Craving Index was also newly developed, and its validity for prediction of relapse was confirmed. In animal experiments, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was recognized as a candidate medicine for treatment of methamphetamine dependence.     

注射用硫普罗宁细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的:建立注射用硫普罗宁细菌内毒素检查方法.方法:参照<中国药典>2010年版二部细菌内毒素检查法进行试验.结果:将硫普罗宁稀释至1 mg·mL-1时对细菌内毒素和鲎试剂的反应无干扰作用.结论:该品种可采用细菌内毒素检查法控制药品质量.     

Potential directions for drug development for osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frustrating disease for both patient and physician because neither cause nor cure is known and there are currently no disease-modifying drugs. Objective: To review current therapeutic approaches as well as new findings regarding OA pathoetiology that could form the basis of future direction for the development of drugs to prevent or slow down disease progression. Methods: After reviewing disease progression in human OA, as demonstrated by histological analyses, the reasons for cartilage erosion are explored and possible therapeutic approaches are highlighted. Results/conclusions: OA may be an epigenetic disease. This new concept can explain many aspects of the disease and provide reasons why therapeutic approaches until now have met with little success.