胸腰椎骨折的微创治疗

脊柱微创技术(minimally invasive spine surgery,MISS)是目前骨科界的研究热点,也是脊柱外科发展的重要方向之一。近十年来,随着MISS的发展,经皮椎弓根螺钉固定技术、脊柱内镜下固定技术以及肌间隙入路相对微创技术等用于胸腰椎骨折的治疗,减少了手术创伤。本文对临床上这些微创手术进行总结分析,以供参考。     

显微内镜下腰椎间盘摘除术164例

随着临床脊柱生物力学研究等的不断深入 ,人们进一步认识到脊柱稳定性的重要性 ,从而提出微创手术的概念并广泛利用各种微创技术治疗脊柱疾患。我科自 2 0 0 2年起引进第二代后路脊柱显微内镜系统 ,开展显微内镜下腰椎间盘摘除术 (Microendoscopydiscectomy ,MED)。利用该系统     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折围手术期护理

经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)是在经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)的基础上发展而来的新的脊柱微创技术.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床分析

目的 初步分析经皮脊柱后凸成形术治疗新鲜椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 对30例平均年龄72(65～81)岁的患者进行了可控性的前瞻性研究,所有病例均为孤立的胸腰椎(T8～L4)骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折且不伴神经功能障碍,且均予以球囊扩张的经皮脊柱后凸成形术.术后平均随访12个月.结果 通过经皮脊柱后凸成形术,患者的脊柱后凸角有显著改善,从术前的平均12.5°变为术后平均6.6°.患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analog Scale;VAS)也于此同时由术前的平均8.2降到术后的1.6.结论 经皮脊柱后凸成形术的应用对新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩性椎体骨折的患者具有良好的临床效果.     

经皮椎体成形术研究进展

经皮椎体成形术 (percutaneousvertebroplasty ,PVP)与经皮脊柱后凸成形术 (percutaneouskypho plasty ,PKP)是近年来脊柱外科的一项新型微创技术 ,该技术经皮向压缩骨折椎体内注入骨水泥等新型填充物 ,从而增强骨折椎体的稳定性 ,减轻疼痛。以下就其研究进展予以综述 ,供同行参考。1　发展历史1984年 ,法国介入神经放射学家向椎体血管瘤(angioma)病损椎体内注入骨水泥 ,随访 3年 ,结果满意。从此 ,PVP在欧美国家迅速发展 ,开始了PVP治疗病变椎体[1] 、椎体转移瘤、骨质疏松症引起的压缩性椎体骨折等。 1994年 ,美国首次开展PVP技术 ,…     

儿童脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿介入干预临床价值初探

目的 探讨儿童脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿介入干预的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析3例经皮椎体穿刺活检病理证实的儿童脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿患者,共5个病变椎体,采用微创介入方法,包括经皮椎体穿刺活检术、经皮椎体成形术(PVP)及椎间盘融合术进行诊治.比较术前及术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Oswesty功能障碍指数(ODI)评分的情况.结...     

椎体成型术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折33例分析

随着人口的老龄化,老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者明显增多,椎体骨折常导致严重腰背部疼痛及脊柱后凸畸形,影响老年患者生活自理能力。经皮椎体成型术(PVP)和后凸成型术(PKP)是近年来治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的微创治疗新技术,已被成功应用于临床,取得了显著疗效。2007年3月-2011年6月,我们共完成33例(51个椎体)椎体成型手术,疗效满意。现分析报告如下。     

微创缝合结合自体富血小板血浆治疗急性闭合性跟腱断裂的有效性

目的 比较微创缝合与微创缝合结合自体富血小板血浆(PRP)治疗急性闭合性跟腱断裂的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2013年5月—2018年9月广西医科大学附属垠东医院骨科、广东省揭阳市中医院骨科收治住院手术的急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者56例,男性40例,女性16例;年龄15～65岁,平均36.4岁.根据手术方法不同分为微创组和微创结合PRP组,各28例.微创组行小切口切开微创缝合,微创结合PRP组行小切口切开缝合+PRP注射.微创组男性21例,女性7例;年龄15～58岁,平均36.2岁;运动伤23例,扭伤5例;微创结合PRP组男性19例,女性9例;年龄18～65岁,平均36.5岁;运动伤25例,扭伤3例.比较两组患者手术一般情况、并发症发生率、单足提踵试验结果、整体满意率、美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分.结果 患者术后1年均获门诊随访,微创组平均随访(13.4±2.1)个月,微创结合PRP组(13.8±2.3)个月.微创组手术时间(61.2±1.2)min短于微创结合PRP组(62.8±2.1)min;微创组切口长度(2.8±1.3)cm长于微创结合PRP组(2.5±1.2)cm,两组患者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者跟腱再断裂率(微创组7.1％vs.微创结合PRP组0)、单足提踵试验阳性率(微创组10.7％vs.微创结合PRP组3.5％)、整体满意率(微创组89.2％vs.微创结合PRP组96.4％),两组患者比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者切口延迟愈合率(微创组21.4％vs.微创结合PRP组3.5％),两组患者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后1年(末次随访)微创结合PRP组AOFAS踝-后足评分(95.4±2.2)分高于微创组(92.2±2.4)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 微创缝合结合PRP治疗急性闭合性跟腱断裂短期临床效果较好,是一种值得临床推广应用的有效治疗方法.     

富血小板血浆疗法的生物机理及其在骨关节疾病中的临床应用

本文介绍了富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)疗法中主要成分血小板及其释放的各种生长因子在参与组织修复中的作用,血小板激活参与凝血途径与组织修复的关系,并阐述影响PRP疗效的相关因素。针对近5年PRP在骨关节病中的应用及研究,介绍PRP主要涉及的疾病、治疗方法和有效性。     

脊柱转移癌经皮椎体成形术联合125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗

经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)是在影像学技术(DSA机、X线或CT等)引导下应用特殊穿刺针经过皮肤穿刺到病变椎体,然后将骨水泥注入,加固病变椎体、恢复脊柱稳定性的一种介入新技术.笔者自2004年7月开展PVP联合125Ⅰ粒子植入椎体内治疗脊柱转移癌,发现局部抗肿瘤作用明显,现报道临床观察的初步结果.     

D-二聚体、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物在急性肾衰竭患者血液净化中的临床意义

目的探讨急性肾衰竭(ARF)时D-二聚体(D-D)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)在不同的血液净化方法中的动态变化及临床意义。方法对我院2007年1月—2010年3月急诊住院58例ARF患者血液净化前、净化后4 h及38例健康人进行血浆中D-D含量及PAI水平测定。ARF患者血液净化方法随机采用血液透析(HD)(31例)、血液透析滤过(HDF)(27例)。结果 ARF患者D-D含量及PAI水平较对照组明显升高[D-D(0.83±0.04)与(0.48±0.03)mg/L,P=0.000 2;PAI(14.95±0.73)与(8.03±0.30)103kat/L,P<0.0001;]HD治疗4 h后D-D含量和PAI活性较治疗前升高[D-D(0.89±0.05)与(1.48±0.37)mg/L,P=0.018;PAI(14.89±1.78)与(22.10±3.56)103kat/L,P=0.025],而HDF治疗后D-D含量和PAI无明显变化[D-D(0.91±0.06)与(1.12±0.09)mg/L,P=0.65;PAI(15.81±1.98)与(16.10±2.56)103kat/L,P=0.86]。结论 ARF患者D-D、PAI水平升高,存在凝血-纤溶系统的紊乱,HD可以加重这种改变,而采用HDF治疗可避免对患者凝血机能的影响,在急性肾衰竭治疗中有一定临床价值。     

高压氧辅助治疗对卒中后抑郁患者血清5-HT、NE及神经功能的影响

目的：观察高压氧（HBO）辅助治疗对卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）及神经功能的影响。方法70例PSD患者根据数字表法随机分为2组,对照组（n=35例）采用常规措施治疗,观察组（n=35例）待确定活动性出血已稳定或已趋于稳定后,在对照组治疗基础上加用HBO治疗。两组疗程均为30d,比较两组患者治疗前后血清5-HT、NE表达水平及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、中国脑卒中量表（CSS）,改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分变化。结果两组患者治疗后血清5-HT、NE表达水平均明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组升高较对照组更为显著（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗后HAMD、CSS评分明显降低（P<0.05）,而MBI评分明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组降低或升高较对照组更为显著（P<0.05）。结论 HBO辅助治疗可明显升高PSD患者血清5-HT、NE表达水平,改善抑郁状态和神经功能。     

Image quality dependence on in-plane positions and directions for MDCT images

Objective

The present study was performed to examine the dependence of image quality on in-plane position and direction in computed tomography (CT) imaging using the modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS) and analysis of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For detailed analysis of SNR, the low-contrast detectability was compared using simulated small low-contrast objects.

Materials and methods

Three models of multidetector-row CT (MDCT) were employed. The measurement positions for MTF were set to the isocentre and several peripheral areas, and NPS and SNR were calculated for the isocentre and 128 mm off-centre. To evaluate directional dependence, the one-dimensional physical properties were measured separately in the radial and azimuthal directions. Seven radiological technologists also performed a perceptual detection study at the different in-plane positions using computer-simulated low-contrast images.

Results

The results of MTF and SNR differed between the isocentre and the peripheral area. The MTF values also tended to decrease with distance from the isocentre, and the SNR values in the low frequency range for the peripheral area were superior to those for the isocentre. In the detection study, the low-contrast detectability in the peripheral area was 13-40% higher than the value in the isocentre.

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicated that clinical CT images have remarkable non-uniformity of image quality. Therefore, the detailed analysis performed in this study will provide useful information for the development of advanced image processing applications, such as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and de-noising of CT images.     

Anterior interosseous nerve lession and distal myoclonus revealing a parsonage turner syndrome associated with hashimoto thyroiditys

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (PTS), also known as brachial neuritis or neuralgic amyotrophy, is a rare disorder affecting 2 to 3 individuals per 100,000 each year. Abrupt onset shoulder pain, followed by motor weakness, paresthesia and hypoesthesia, is usually reported, lasting several months with variable recovery. The etiology of the disease may be idiopathic or triggered by an underlying autoimmune disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Our report addresses a unique case of Parsonage-Turner Syndrome in a patient suffering from concurrent Hashimoto Thyroiditis. A previously healthy A 22 year-old female was referred to the Department of Neurology after complaints of sudden-onset motor weakness in her left upper limb. On physical examination, the patient could not make an “Ok sign” with her thumb and distal phalanx or form a complete fist, revealing weakness within the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. Further testing with electromyography demonstrated muscular atrophy within the arm''s anterior compartment, forearm, and triceps brachii of the posterior compartment. Additional imaging and physical examination were unremarkable, confirming our diagnosis of PTS. Furthermore, lab reports revealed elevated levels of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and our patient was concurrently diagnosed with Hashimoto''s thyroiditis.This case aims to highlight the rare co-occurrence of Hashimoto''s thyroiditis with Parsonage-Turner Syndrome in an otherwise healthy patient. A 2014 study published by Nugent et al. had also shed light on brachial neuritis in a patient suffering from autoimmune connective tissue disease, and through this case study, we hope to add to the growing literature regarding the correlation between PTS and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms of PTS can easily be misdiagnosed given its similarity to other peripheral neuropathies, and careful assessment and thorough understanding of the disease is required to successfully distinguish it from other neurological pathologies.     

Validity of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in diagnosis and follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients in different clinical subtypes

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a wide range of pathologic changes that modify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value.

Humane metapneumovirus (HMPV) associated pulmonary infections in immunocompromised adults—Initial CT findings,disease course and comparison to respiratory-syncytial-virus (RSV) induced pulmonary infections

Aim

To describe computed tomography (CT)-imaging findings in human metapneumovirus (HMPV)-related pulmonary infection as well as their temporal course and to analyze resemblances/differences to pulmonary infection induced by the closely related respiratory-syncytial-virus (RSV) in immunocompromised patients.

Materials and methods

Chest-CT-scans of 10 HMPV PCR-positive patients experiencing pulmonary symptoms were evaluated retrospectively with respect to imaging findings and their distribution and results were then compared with data acquired in 13 patients with RSV pulmonary infection. Subsequently, we analyzed the course of chest-findings in HMPV patients.

Results

In HMPV, 8/10 patients showed asymmetric pulmonary findings, whereas 13/13 patients with RSV-pneumonia presented more symmetrical bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Image analysis yielded in HMPV patients following results: ground-glass-opacity (GGO) (n = 6), parenchymal airspace consolidations (n = 5), ill-defined nodular-like centrilobular opacities (n = 9), bronchial wall thickening (n = 8). In comparison, results in RSV patients were: GGO (n = 10), parenchymal airspace consolidations (n = 9), ill-defined nodular-like centrilobular opacities (n = 10), bronchial wall thickening (n = 4). In the course of the disease, signs of acute HMPV interstitial pneumonia regressed transforming temporarily in part into findings compatible with bronchitis/bronchiolitis.

Conclusions

Early chest-CT findings in patients with HMPV-related pulmonary symptoms are compatible with asymmetric acute interstitial pneumonia accompanied by signs of bronchitis; the former transforming with time into bronchitis and bronchiolitis before they resolve. On the contrary, RSV-induced pulmonary infection exhibits mainly symmetric acute interstitial pneumonia.     

脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸检测的临床意义

目的：探讨脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用比色法对44例脑梗死患者（脑梗死组）进行血清Hcy水平测定,并与40例健康正常人（对照组）作比较。结果：脑梗死组血清Hcy水平（21.42±3.19μmol/L）明显高于对照组（12.04±2.46μmol/L）。结论：脑梗死患者血清Hcy水平明显升高,可作为预测脑梗死发生、发展的敏感指标。     

强直性脊柱炎80例临床研究

1985年,我院内科对800例患腰背痛,其中部分为外院疑有强直性脊柱炎(AS)的病人,进行了临床及HLA-B_(27)检查。根据纽约诊断标准,确诊为AS病者80例,其发病年龄多在12～30岁之间,男女之比例为6.3∶1;72例AS病人之HLA-B_(27)阳性,5例病人有家族史,提示本病与遗传因素有关。部分病人做到了早期诊断。我们认为,对患腰背痛的病人进行HLA-B_(27)检查,可提高医生对AS发病之警觉。     

Comparison of double inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (DIR-MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in detection of prostate cancer: A pilot study

IntroductionDCE-MRI is established for detecting prostate cancer (PCa). However, it requires a gadolinium contrast agent, with potential risks for patients. The application of DIR-MRI is simple and may allow cancer detection without the use of an intravenous contrast agent by differentially nullifying signal from normal and abnormal prostate tissue, creating contrast between the cancer and background normal prostate. In this pilot study we gathered data from DIR-MRI and DCE-MRI of the prostate for an equivalence trial. We also looked at how the DIR-MRI appearance varies with the aggressiveness of PCa.MethodDIR-MRI and DCE-MRI were acquired. The images were assessed by an experienced Consultant Radiologist and a novice reporter (Radiographer). The potential PCa lesions were quantified using a lesion to normal ratio (LNR). Radiological pathological correlation was made to identify the MRI lesions that represented significant PCa. A Wilcoxon sign rank was used to compare DCE-LNR and DIR-LNR for PCa containing lesions. Pearson's correlation was used to look at the relationship between DIR-LNR and PCa grade group (aggressiveness).ResultsDCE-LNR and DIR-LNR were found to be significantly different (Z = −5.910, p < 0.001). However, a significant correlation was found between PCa grade group and DIR-LNR.ConclusionDIR and DCE sequences are not equivalent and significant cancer is more conspicuous on the DCE sequence. However, DIR-LNR does correlate with PCa aggressiveness.Implications for practiceWith the correlation of PCa grade group with DIR-LNR this may be a useful sequence in evaluation of the prostate; stratifying the risk of there being clinically significant PCa before biopsy is performed. Furthermore, given that DIR-LNR appears to predict PCa aggressiveness DIR might be used as part of a multiparametric MRI protocol designed to avoid biopsy.     

CT and MR features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and young adults

AIM: To clarify CT and MR features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in children and young adults. METHOD: CT and MR findings of 13 patients (30 years old or younger) with a histopathologic diagnosis of NPC were reviewed. RESULTS: Skull base invasion (12/13), lymphadenopathy (10/13), and infiltrative growth (8/8) were common findings. The signal intensity of tumours was slightly higher than that of muscles in six cases and isointense to that of muscles in two cases on T1-weighted images; it was higher than that of muscle and lower than that of cerebellar grey matter on T2-weighted images in all cases. Internal signals were homogeneous in both pre- and post-Gd-enhanced MR images in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its rarity in this age group, NPC should be included in a differential diagnosis when CT and MR imaging reveal these features.