CTCA对瑞舒伐他汀强化降脂逆转冠状动脉斑块评价的临床应用

目的通过CTCA评价瑞舒伐他汀强化降脂治疗对冠状动脉粥样斑块的影响。方法 82例经CTCA检出的冠脉粥样斑块患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别给予瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/d和辛伐他汀20 mg/d口服,12个月后复查冠脉CTA,观察斑块变化,同时随访患者的血脂水平。结果瑞舒伐他汀强化治疗组12个月后,治疗组总胆固醇、低密度胆固醇治疗后分别下降33.5%、52.6%,与对照组相比,有统计学差异(P0.05);CTCA显示,治疗组患者斑块面积较对照组明显减少(P0.05),斑块CT值明显增加(P0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀可有效降低血脂,明显逆转冠脉粥样斑块,稳定斑块,CTCA可对瑞舒伐他汀强化降脂治疗疗效进行有效评价。     

普罗布考、瑞舒伐他汀对脑梗死伴糖尿病S100蛋白的影响

选择2017年3月～2018年9月脑梗死合并糖尿病患者96例,随机平分为对照组在此基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀,观察组在对照组基础上加用普罗布考,用药1年。结果治疗后,两组P25、CAIMT、内膜斑块面积、易损斑块水平均降低,且观察组(1.03±0.28) mm、(0.47±0.15) cm~2、37.50%水平低于对照组(1.24±0.33) mm、(0.60±0.22) cm~2、58.33%,(P 0.05);两组S100蛋白均降低,且观察组(0.12±0.03)μg/L低于对照组(0.24±0.04)μg/L,(P 0.05)。结论对脑梗死伴糖尿病患者采用普罗布考联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗有助于改善颈动脉粥样硬化,改善脑部氧代谢功能。     

阿托伐他汀钙与瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的疗效及降脂作用观察

目的探讨阿托伐他汀钙及瑞舒伐他汀钙对颈动脉粥样硬化患者降血脂效果及抗动脉粥样硬化的疗效。方法 110例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者随机分为阿托伐他汀组、瑞舒伐他汀组及对照组,比较每组治疗前后(3和6个月)的血清脂质指标变化、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定数量变化、治疗有效率及不良反应。结果和对照组相比,瑞舒伐他汀组治疗3、6个月甘油三酯(TG)水平明显降低(P0.05),治疗3个月低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平明显降低(P0.05)。和对照组相比,阿托伐他汀组治疗3、6个月TG水平明显降低(P0.05),治疗6个月总胆固醇(TC)、LDL-C水平明显降低(P0.05)。和瑞舒伐他汀组相比,阿托伐他汀组治疗6个月TC、TG、LDL-C明显降低(P0.05)。和瑞舒伐他汀组相比,阿托伐他汀组治疗3个月LDL-C明显升高(P0.05)。各组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)各时间点无明显差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,阿托伐他汀组、瑞舒伐他汀组治疗6个月斑块治疗有效率有统计学差异(P0.05),但阿托伐他汀组和瑞舒伐他汀组无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀钙在短期内降血脂效果明显,阿托伐他汀钙在长期内降血脂效果明显,在抗动脉硬化稳定斑块方面,均有良好治疗效果。     

他汀类药物对急性脑梗死病人颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及炎症反应的影响

目的探讨他汀类药物对急性脑梗死病人颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及炎症反应的影响。方法选取武汉市江夏区第一人民医院2014年1月—2016年1月收治的90例急性脑梗死病人作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为瑞舒伐他汀组、阿托伐他汀组和对照组,每组30例。入院后3组病人均给予急性脑梗死常规诊疗。在常规治疗的基础上,阿托伐他汀组给予阿托伐他汀片,每次20mg,每天1次;瑞舒伐他汀组给予瑞舒伐他汀片,每次10mg,每天1次。治疗6个月后,比较3组病人的生化指标、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、神经功能以及血脂、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)。结果治疗6个月后,3组病人美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)和改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),3组间NIHSS评分、mRS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);瑞舒伐他汀组三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、hs-CRP明显低于阿托伐他汀组和对照组(P0.05);瑞舒伐他汀组、阿托伐他汀组内中膜厚度(IMT)及混合回声斑块、低回声斑块比例均明显低于对照组(P0.05),高回声斑块比例明显高于对照组(P0.05);瑞舒伐他汀组、阿托伐他汀组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论他汀类药物可显著降低急性脑梗死病人的血脂水平,减轻炎症反应,瑞舒伐他汀的效果优于阿托伐他汀,且二者对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块病变有一定逆转作用。     

降脂活血片联合瑞舒伐他汀钙片治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的疗效观察

目的观察降脂活血片联合瑞舒伐他汀钙片强化降脂治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(sICAS)的疗效。方法选取sICAS病人98例,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组49例。两组均采用内科基础治疗及口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用降脂活血片治疗,疗程均为6个月。观察治疗前后两组血脂、颈动脉内膜中层厚度和斑块面积、相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)变化。结果治疗后观察组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平较对照组明显下降(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较对照组升高(P0.05);治疗后观察组颈动脉内膜中层厚度和斑块面积均低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组rCBF、rCBV较对照组明显升高(P0.05),rMTT、rTTP较对照组缩短(P0.05);自治疗开始随访6个月观察组脑卒中、短暂性脑缺血发作症状再发率为4.08%,低于对照组的16.33%(P0.05)。结论降脂活血片联合瑞舒伐他汀钙片强化降脂治疗sICAS病人,能明显降低血脂,减小颈动脉粥样斑块,改善狭窄动脉供血区脑血流灌注,降低症状再发率。     

瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死病人血脂与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀对急性脑梗死病人血脂与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法选择我院2015年7月—2016年8月收治的急性脑梗死病人127例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将病人随机分为对照组(42例)、瑞舒伐他汀组(43例)和阿托伐他汀组(42例)。对照组接受急性脑梗死常规治疗,瑞舒伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上予以口服瑞舒伐他汀6个月,阿托伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上予以口服阿托伐他汀6个月。比较3组治疗前和治疗6个月后血脂指标、肝肾功能指标、颈动脉超声检查结果、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及不良反应。结果瑞舒伐他汀组和阿托伐他汀组治疗后内中膜厚度(IMT)、低回声斑块、混合回声斑块、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、hs-CRP均较治疗前显著改善(P 0.05),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)较治疗前显著上升(P 0.05),且均与对照组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。3组治疗后NIHSS评分和mRS评分均较治疗前改善(P 0.05),但组间治疗后比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀组治疗后TG、TC、HDL-C和hs-CRP均优于阿托伐他汀组(P 0.05)。治疗后瑞舒伐他汀组和阿托伐他汀组恶心、呕吐和胃肠道反应发生率高于对照组(P 0.05),且不良反应可自行缓解。结论在急性脑梗死常规治疗基础上,应用瑞舒伐他汀或阿托伐他汀治疗,在预防动脉粥样硬化斑块形成、改善炎症反应、降低病人血脂水平等方面取得较好疗效。相较于阿托伐他汀,瑞舒伐他汀的降脂作用和抗炎作用更强。     

瑞舒伐他汀对老年糖尿病并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的疗效分析

目的探讨常规用药联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗老年糖尿病并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的应用效果。方法纳入2016年6月—2017年6月收治的90例老年糖尿病并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法分组,对照组给予常规用药治疗,观察组则给予常规用药联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗。比较两组老年糖尿病并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块治疗效果;血糖达标时间;干预前后患者斑块数量、斑块面积、斑块积分和内膜-中层厚度。结果观察组老年糖尿病并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块治疗效果优于对照组(P0.05);观察组血糖达标时间短于对照组(P0.05);干预前两组斑块数量、斑块面积、斑块积分和内膜-中层厚度相近(P0.05);干预后观察组斑块数量、斑块面积、斑块积分和内膜-中层厚度优于对照组(P0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀治疗老年糖尿病并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的应用效果确切,可有效稳定斑块,降低内膜-中层厚度,缩短达标时间,安全有效,值得推广应用。     

瑞舒伐他汀对冠状动脉粥样硬化患者临床前期病变的影响

目的评价瑞舒伐他汀对冠状动脉粥样硬化临床前期病变的影响。方法 100例经双源螺旋CT检测出的冠状动脉粥样斑块患者,随机分成观察组(n=51)及对照组(n=49):观察组给予瑞舒伐他汀100mg/d口服,对照组未行他汀类药物治疗。24个月后复查斑块情况。同时随访患者的血脂水平、超敏C反应蛋白水平(hs-CRP)及颈动脉中膜厚度(CIMT)。结果 51例患者接受瑞舒伐他汀治疗后总胆固醇(TC)降低14.92%,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)下降24.22%,总甘油三酯(TG)下降17.06%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)增加7.52%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组冠状动脉斑块平均缩小(2.80±1.83)%,CIMT平均减少(0.11±0.02)mm,hs-CRP减少(2.95±0.24)mg/L,49例对照组斑块平均增加(2.17±1.73)%,CIMT平均增加(0.21±0.03)mm,hs-CRP增加(1.28±0.15)mg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀能够有效降低血脂及hs-CRP水平,减少CIMT厚度,逆转或稳定冠状动脉粥样斑块。     

冠状动脉CT血管造影评价阿托伐他汀对轻中度冠状动脉狭窄斑块逆转作用研究

目的评价阿托伐他汀对轻中度冠状动脉狭窄的稳定型心绞痛患者的斑块逆转作用。方法对2011年11月至2012年6月沈阳军区总医院收治的42例冠状动脉CT显示冠状动脉轻中度狭窄的稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为2组:阿托伐他汀20 mg组22例,阿托伐他汀40 mg组20例。所有患者于入院前已完成冠脉CT血管造影(CTA),并接受冠状动脉造影(CAG)和靶病变的血管内超声(IVUS)检查,冠状动脉CT与冠状动脉造影及血管内超声相符合者入选。每位患者选取1处狭窄30%~60%的病变为靶病变进入观察,于术后6~12个月后行冠状动脉CTA评价,比较治疗前后冠状动脉靶病变的斑块面积。结果阿托伐他汀20 mg组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)由(3.44±0.42)mmol/L降至(2.31±0.19)mmol/L,总胆固醇(TC)由(5.89±1.48)mmol/L降至(3.37±0.21)mmol/L;阿托伐他汀40 mg组LDL-C由(3.52±0.43)mmol/L降至(1.83±0.17)mmol/L,TC由(5.99±1.28)mmol/L降至(3.17±0.10)mmol/L。斑块面积在入院时两组差异无统计学意义。降脂治疗后阿托伐他汀20 mg组斑块面积由(13.16±4.79)mm2减少至(12.28±2.36)mm2(P=0.37);阿托伐他汀40 mg组斑块面积由(13.81±4.52)mm2减少至(9.93±2.28)mm2(P0.01)。结论 40 mg/d阿托伐他汀可以使冠状动脉轻中度狭窄的稳定型心绞痛患者的斑块面积减少,可以阻止冠状动脉斑块的进展,效果好于20 mg/d阿托伐他汀。     

普罗布考联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗脑梗死合并糖尿病患者的价值分析

目的分析普罗布考联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗脑梗死合并糖尿病患者的效果。方法研究对象是该院2017年1月—2018年6月诊治的脑梗死合并糖尿病患者106例。按时随机方法分为治疗组与对照组,对照组应用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,治疗组应用普罗布考联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗,对比两组患者治疗前后血脂水平、炎性反应指标、尿微量白蛋白和治疗后颈动脉超声检查结果。结果治疗组患者用药结束时HDL-C、TG、TC、LDL-C水平均优于对照组;治疗组患者治疗后hs-CRP与尿微量白蛋白水平优于对照组;治疗组患者用药后易损斑块、内膜斑块面积、动脉内膜中膜厚度等水平均低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论普罗布考联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗脑梗死合并糖尿病能够帮助患者改善血脂水平、有效稳定斑块,是患者预后的重要保障。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.