安徽省2006～2009年新发尘肺病流行病学分析

目的了解安徽省新发尘肺病的现状和发展规律,为制定职业病防治规划提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息网络报告平台,在健康危害因素监测系统中选取2006～2009年安徽省新发尘肺病报告数据导入Excel,进行汇总、分析。结果 2006～2009安徽省新发尘肺病共1766例,死亡318例,新发尘肺病以矽肺和煤工尘肺为主,分别占53.30%和43.59%;新发尘肺病患者以男性为主,平均诊断年龄55.14岁,平均接尘工龄18.87年;新发尘肺病例主要分布在淮北、巢湖、滁州、铜陵和淮南五个市,占80.01%;新发尘肺病例数总体呈逐年上升趋势;新发尘肺病患者主要集中在煤炭、建材和有色金属行业,占87.03%,重点工种为矿山掘进工、采煤工和凿岩工,占75.25%。结论安徽省尘肺病防治形势仍非常严峻,控制尘肺病发生,重点在小型乡镇煤炭、建材和有色金属企业。     

安徽省尘肺流行病学分析及发展趋势

目的了解安徽省尘肺发生现况和发展规律,为政府制定职业病防治规划提供科学依据.方法汇总安徽省1952～2004年诊断的全部尘肺病例资料,分析尘肺患者的性别、年龄、地区、病种、工种、接尘工龄、接尘年代和所在工业系统分布.结果截止2004年底,安徽省累计尘肺患者21 945例,居全国第9位.历年共死亡5 606人,累计病死率25.54%.目前现患病人16 339例,总现患率5.85%.尘肺患者平均诊断年龄51.62岁,平均死亡年龄59.86岁.Ⅰ期尘肺占总例数的91.26%,平均工龄22.80 a.尘肺患者主要分布在淮北、淮南、铜陵和马鞍山4个市,患者人数占全省的89.89%.病种主要是煤工尘肺和矽肺,占所有尘肺患者的97.13%.以煤炭系统尘肺病例最多,占尘肺总例数的72.39%.预测到2015年,该省尘肺患者可达2.8万例.结论尘肺防治的重点地区为四大矿业基地,重点工种为矿山掘进工和凿岩工,主要病种是煤工尘肺和矽肺.预防为主、从源头治理是防治尘肺病发生的关键.     

湖南省尘肺病地区及种类分布情况分析

目的 了解湖南省尘肺病地区及种类分布现状,为制定尘肺防治决策提供科学依据. 方法 将全省尘肺病例信息转换成Excel数据进行综合分析,分别统计地区、病种、死亡和现患合并结核等发病状况. 结果至2008年底,全省尘肺病例居前三位的地区分别是衡阳(19.86%)、娄底(14.15%)、邵阳(9.56%);死亡病例居前三位的是衡阳(25.67%)、娄底(21.04%)、株洲(14.14%);病死率居前三位的是株洲(37.75%)、娄底(34.39%)、衡阳(29.90%);现患合并结核率居前三位的是衡阳(27.04%)、岳阳(26.99%)、湘潭(26.77%).累计尘肺病例中,矽肺占44.10%、煤工尘肺40.40%、其余11种尘肺只占15.50%;尘肺死亡病例中,矽肺占55.65%、煤工尘肺占33.70%、其余11种尘肺占10.65%;现患尘肺病例中,煤工尘肺占42.41%、矽肺占40.63%、其余11种尘肺只占20.00%;尘肺现患合并结核中,矽肺占48.10%、煤工尘肺占38.42%、其余11种只占13.48%. 结论重点抓好湖南省尘肺病高发地区的防治工作,可有效减低职业病发病率.     

2013年山东省尘肺病发病情况分析

目的了解山东省2013年尘肺病发病情况,提出预防控制措施。方法对2013年山东省通过健康危害因素信息监测系统平台报告的尘肺病新发病例进行分析。结果山东省17个市共报告尘肺病新发病例982例,较2012年的新发病例871例增加了12.74%。其中矽肺576例,煤工尘肺304例,共占新发病例总数的89.61%。矽肺病例主要分布在烟台、淄博和菏泽,3个市报告矽肺病例数占矽肺新发病例总数的65.80%;以有色金属、其他和煤炭行业为主,工种主要为纯掘进工、凿岩工、运搬工;煤工尘肺病例主要分布在淄博、泰安、济南,大多分布在煤炭行业,工种主要为煤矿混合工。结论矽肺和煤工尘肺是我省严重的职业病。应根据地区、行业、工种的重点分布情况采取有针对性的措施加以预防和控制。     

江苏省尘肺病现患分析

对 1 990～ 1 999年职业病报告资料进行了统计分析。结果表明 :至 1 999年统计年末全省共有各类尘肺现患病例 1 4 2 1 9例 ,78%以上为矽肺和煤工尘肺。病例主要集中在煤矿、冶金、建材、机械行业企业和乡镇企业发达的南京、镇江、徐州、无锡、苏州等市。现患病例向轻型转化 , 期矽肺、煤工尘肺平均发病工龄分别较 70、 80年代延长 9.67年和 5.54年。乡镇企业现患病例向重型转化 , 期矽肺平均发病工龄短 ,新病例中 、 期病例构成比例高。对当前尘肺病防治工作中存在的主要问题和相应对策进行了探讨 ,指出制定和颁布国家职业病防治法是保证各项尘肺病防治措施有效开展的关键。     

2002至2006年宁夏地区尘肺病例的发病特征

目的 了解宁夏地区尘肺病的分布规律和流行病学特征,为尘肺病的防治提供科学依据.方法 对2002至2006年确诊的612例尘肺病病例进行流行病学分析.结果 612例尘肺病病例中,煤炭行业尘肺病患者共545例,占全部病例的89.05%.煤工尘肺337、矽肺252例,分别占总病例数的55.65%和41.18%.发病工龄主要分布在20年～和25年～组.尘肺病并发肺结核104例,其中,103例为煤工尘肺和矽肺患者.结论 宁夏地区的尘肺病主要发生在煤炭行业,尘肺的主要种类是煤工尘肺和矽肺.     

黄石市2006—2010年新发尘肺病例分析

2006—2010年,黄石市报告新发尘肺病例1255例,主要分布于煤炭开采和洗选业,其中以掘进工和采煤工发病为主,94.21%的病例为煤工尘肺和矽肺,煤工尘肺居多;贰和叁期新发尘肺病例比壹期尘肺发病年龄较早,发病工龄也较短。新发尘肺病例90%以上为壹期,超过一半以上由体检机构发现后经诊断报告。黄石市尘肺病危害形势很严峻,尘肺种类以煤工尘肺为主,具有行业、区域聚集性,尘肺诊断期别越高,发病工龄越短,开始接尘年龄越晚。 更多还原     

2006～2008年山东省尘肺病流行病学特征分析

汇总山东省2006~2008年诊断的全部尘肺病例资料,分析尘肺患者的性别、年龄、病种、工种、接尘年代、接尘工龄和所在行业、地区及企业规模的分布。结果显示,截至2008年底,山东省尘肺病现患22 939例,2006~2008年共报告尘肺病3 349例,新病例2 854例,其中Ⅰ期占新发病例的85.22%,发病患者男性远高于女性,45~54岁诊断率最高,病种主要是矽肺和煤工尘肺,占新发尘肺患者的86.06%,以矿山主要工种为主,1970~1989年开始接尘的患者发病率居首,实际接尘工龄以20~29年居首,以煤炭、有色金属、机械等行业患者最多,占新发尘肺病的72.46%,主要分布在烟台、淄博、泰安、济南和临沂5个市,患者人数占全省新发病病例的82.81%。尘肺病防治的重点地区为矿业基地,主要为矽肺和煤工尘肺。 更多还原     

2006—2012年淄博市尘肺病发病情况分析

运用中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集2006—2012年间淄博市报告的新发尘肺病例资料,按病种、地区分布、行业分布、企业性质、经济类型等方面进行分析。2006—2012年本市新发病例1043例,男性病例980例,占94.0%;女性病例63例,占6.0%。病例中壹期尘肺905例(86.79%),贰期尘肺97例(9.30%),叁期尘肺41例(3.93%);尘肺种类以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,分别为652例和313例,占62.51%和30.01%,以驻地淄川区的国有企业的煤工尘肺病例尤其集中。提示我市新发尘肺病例数仍然较高,尘肺病防治形势比较严峻,防尘任务依然艰巨,控制尘肺病的重点在煤炭系统和建材行业。 更多还原     

福建省煤炭生产企业10年尘肺病发病特征

目的研究煤炭生产企业尘肺病的发生、分布特征和发展规律,提出控制对策。方法对职业病监测系统中2006—2015年福建省煤炭生产企业新发尘肺病个案资料进行分析。结果2006—2015年累计报告尘肺新发病例2 049例,发病数从2011年开始呈上升趋势。2 049例尘肺病人中,煤工尘肺占74.7%,矽肺占25.3%,80.5%为Ⅰ期尘肺,初诊Ⅱ期以上尘肺400例(19.5%);20~29岁组矽肺占比明显高于煤工尘肺;10年接尘工龄的煤工尘肺占比较多;60岁的煤工尘肺占比高于矽肺。近5年小型和私有企业的尘肺发病数占比明显上升。结论应加强煤炭生产企业的尘肺病防治,严格落实接尘工人职业健康监护,加大对小型和私有企业综合防尘的监管力度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.