胃食管反流病（上）（内科）

胃食管反流病(GERD)是指过多胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起烧心、反酸、胸痛等症状，并可导致食管炎和咽、喉、气管等食管以外的组织损害。在胃食管反流病患者中，约有半数在内镜下可见食管粘膜糜烂、溃疡等炎症表现，称为反流性食管炎(RE)，且可发展成Barrett食管、食管狭窄甚至癌变。     

反流性食管炎与食管癌相关性研究进展

近年来关于食管癌及癌前病变Barrett食管研究进展很快,同时其与胃食管反流病(GERD)的研究也逐渐引起人们的重视,现就近年来关于胃食管反流病与食管癌的相关性研究综述如下。1流行病学调查胃食管反流病(GERD)是十分常见的消化道动力障碍性疾病,我国学者李兆申、潘国宗等对北京和上海两地GERD流行病性学调查表明,在人群中具有胃食管反流症状的发生率为8.97%,GERD患病率为5.77%,反流性食管炎(RE)发病率为1.92%[1,2],李兆申等[3]研究1990~1999年十年间内镜检查中RE的发病率占胃镜检查人数的2.02%。在西方国家中GERD的发病率更高,人群中有10%~20%的人有胃食管反流症状,GERD的发病率为5%[4]。Barrett食管(BE)是指食管下段正常的鳞状上皮被类似于胃和肠道柱状上皮所取代的一种病理变化。BE的内镜检出率为0.3%~2%,因胃食管反流症状而进行内镜检查的病人中BE发现率为8%~20%[5]。食管癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,全世界每年发病人数超过30万,其中半数为中国人[6]。传统认为食管癌主要以鳞状上皮癌为主,而近年来研究发现,食管腺癌的比例逐渐提高,有人研究结果食管腺癌的发...     

儿童胃食管反流病的诊断与治疗

胃食管反流病(GERD)是指胃内容物包括从十二指肠流入胃的胆盐和胰酶等反流至食道引起的不适症状.胃食管反流病(GERD)既可有食管内症状,也可有食管外症状.     

20例以咳嗽为主要表现的胃食管反流病患者的护理思考

胃食管反流病（Gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）是由于胃、十二指肠内容物反流进入食管引起反酸、反食、烧心等反流症状,而部分患者则可表现为消化道以外的症状,如慢性咳嗽、反复发作的哮喘、咽喉炎等,严重时可导致食管黏膜糜烂、炎症、溃疡以至癌变。在西方发病率已高达10％～30％,我国随着社会生活水平的不断提高,目前胃食管反流病的发病呈逐年上升趋势,且误诊率较高。现以20例以慢性咳嗽为主要表现的胃食管反流病患者的护理,探讨胃食管反流病的护理方法,增强对胃食道反流病护理的认识。     

胃食管反流病的咽喉表现50例临床分析

<正>随着对胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)症状模式的认识以及诊断方法的进步,越来越多的胃食管反流病(GERD)患者在耳鼻喉科被发现。本文对2006年1月～2006年7月间门诊50例以咽喉不适就诊并行食管24小时pH监测检查诊断为胃食管反流病(GERD)的患者进行治疗观察。     

胃食管反流病（下）（内科）

绝大多数胃食管反流病(GERD)患者需要内科治疗。内科治疗的基本原则为改善抗反流屏障、减少胃食管反流；减低反流液的酸度；增强食管清除力：保护食管黏膜、增强黏膜抵抗力。其治疗目的是减轻或消除症状，防治并发症，预防复发。五、治疗 (一)一般治疗非药物治疗是GERD、反流性食管炎(RE)患者的首选治疗。     

胃食管反流病的一些新见解

胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）为门诊常见疾病。在美国估计有14％～20％的成年人受累,其中包括相当比例的烧心患者。GERD的定义为胃内容物反流致不适症状（如每周至少2次烧心）及／或并发症。GERD的食管外表现包括喉炎及咳嗽等,就食管本身损伤而言,包括食管炎、食管狭窄、Barrett食管（柱状上皮化生取代正常的鳞状上皮）及食管腺癌,流行病学研究结果显示与GERD相关的食管腺癌发生率在上升,2004年美国有8000例食管腺癌发生病例,较过去20年有明显增加。     

常见的小儿胃肠动力疾病

1胃食管反流和胃食管反流病 1．1定义胃食管反流（GER）是指胃内容物反流至食管，甚至口咽部。小婴儿胃食管反流多为功能性，仅表现反刍和溢乳；有食管内外合并症如反流性食管炎、呼吸暂停、反复呼吸道感染的则称为胃食管反流病（GERD）。     

胃食管反流病的咽喉表现50例临床分析

随着对胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD）症状模式的认识以及诊断方法的进步，越来越多的胃食管反流病（GERD）患者在耳鼻喉科被发现。本文对2006年1月-2006年7月间门诊50例以咽喉不适就诊并行食管24小时pH监测检查诊断为胃食管反流病（GERD）的患者进行治疗观察。[第一段]     

非糜烂性食管炎的诊断进展

由于食管下括约肌(LES)松弛,引起胃内容物反流到食管称为胃食管反流(gastroesophageal reflux,GER),胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起烧心、胸痛、反酸等症状导致食管炎及食管外组织损伤称为胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD).     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.