关节镜下交叉钉固定腘绳肌腱重建前十字韧带的手术配合

2005年3月～2008年3月,我们在关节镜下行可吸收交叉钉固定腘绳肌腱前十字韧带重建术134例,疗效满意.现将手术配合方法及体会介绍如下. 临床资料:本组134例前交叉韧带断裂患者中,男83例,女51例;年龄18～60岁,平均36岁;合并半月板损伤67例,合并内侧副韧带Ⅰ、Ⅱ度损伤29例,Ⅲ度损伤11例,均为新鲜损伤,合并后十字韧带断裂28例.患者术前均经MR检查确诊.均采用腰硬膜联合麻醉,在关节镜下行可吸收交叉钉腘绳肌腱固定前十字韧带重建术.术后随访6～42个月,所有患者均无伸膝受限,屈膝度均＞120°.     

关节镜下Endo-Button与Absorbable Interference Screw System固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱一期重建膝关节前后交叉韧带

前后交叉韧带同时断裂常见于膝关节脱位,如果关节腔能够保守其封闭状态,急诊可完成一次性重建.既往多切开行韧带重建术,近年随着关节镜技术的飞速发展,已广泛开展关节镜下微创自体腘绳肌肌腱重建前或后交叉韧带技术.自2004年2月至2010年12月,笔者对24例前、后交叉韧带同时断裂采取双侧腘绳肌肌腱重建,两侧半腱肌腱对折成四束重建后交叉韧带(PCL),两侧股薄肌腱对折成四束重建前交叉韧带(ACL),应用Linvatec公司提供的Endo-Button和可吸收界面螺钉固定股骨端,再用可吸收界面螺钉固定胫骨端,临床应用效果良好.     

关节镜下交叉钉固定胭绳肌腱重建前十字韧带的手术配合

2005年3月～2008年3月，我们在关节镜下行可吸收交叉钉固定胭绳肌腱前十字韧带重建术134例，疗效满意。现将手术配合方法及体会介绍如下。     

关节镜下自体胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带患者的术后护理

膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）是保持膝关节稳定的重要结构,易在运动中损伤。关节镜下ACL重建是一种有效的治疗方法。2006年2月-2008年6月,我院在关节镜下用自体4股腘绳肌腱重建ACL共26例,取得了良好效果。现将患者的术后护理方法介绍如下。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带患者的术后护理

膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）是保持膝关节稳定的重要结构,易在运动中损伤。关节镜下ACL重建是一种有效的治疗方法。2006年2月-2008年6月,我院在关节镜下用自体4股腘绳肌腱重建ACL共26例,取得了良好效果。现将患者的术后护理方法介绍如下。     

关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱和可吸收界面螺钉固定重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨自体四股膪绳肌腱和可吸收界面螺钉固定重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的手术方法及疗效。方法21例ACL断裂患者，于关节镜下施术，自体四股腘绳肌腱为ACL重建替代物（保留少许ACL下止点残端作为定位标志物），可吸收界面螺钉固定重建ACL。结果21例术后平均随访18．4个月。Lachman试验（＋）2例、（±）5例、（-）16例。术后平均膝关节活动度为127°（100°-140°）。所有患膝术前抽屉试验均阳性，术后均阴性，能自如上下楼梯，进行单腿屈膝跳跃及慢速奔跑等活动。Lysholm评分术前为52（35～76）分，术后为91（85—100）分，手术前后相比，P〈0．05。结论关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱及可吸收界面螺钉固定重建ACL是恢复膝关节稳定性较好的方法，是治疗急慢性ACL损伤断裂的有效方法。准确的关节内入口、定位是手术成功的关键，术后实施正确合理的功能训练也是保证疗效的重要环节。     

可吸收交叉钉在腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带损伤固定中的应用

目的观察可吸收交叉钉在胴绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤中的固定效果。方法对134例ACL断裂患者在关节镜下利用胭绳肌肌腱移植,可吸收交叉钉股骨侧固定,重建ACL。术后随访12～42个月,观察疗效,用Lyscholm评分和KT-2000行膝关节功能及稳定性评价。结果手术顺利,时间40～170min,无固定失败病例。术后11例出现膝关节下内侧麻木,2周-3个月缓解;4例出现止血带反应,予神经营养治疗后于术后3—5个月恢复。本组121例随访12～42个月,膝关节屈膝活动度均〉120°。屈膝90°时前抽屉试验均阴性;Lachman（＋＋）6例;膝关节功能Lyscholm评分为（93．5±4．4）分。X线片检查未发现骨隧道扩大和骨囊肿形成。术后3个月KT-2000检查膝关节稳定115例。结论可吸收交叉钉用于胭绳肌重建ACL固定效果可靠,其可提供初始稳定性和后期的生物稳定性,且可自行吸收。     

可吸收交叉钉在胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带损伤固定中的应用

目的观察可吸收交叉钉在胴绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤中的固定效果。方法对134例ACL断裂患者在关节镜下利用胭绳肌肌腱移植,可吸收交叉钉股骨侧固定,重建ACL。术后随访12～42个月,观察疗效,用Lyscholm评分和KT-2000行膝关节功能及稳定性评价。结果手术顺利,时间40～170min,无固定失败病例。术后11例出现膝关节下内侧麻木,2周-3个月缓解;4例出现止血带反应,予神经营养治疗后于术后3—5个月恢复。本组121例随访12～42个月,膝关节屈膝活动度均〉120°。屈膝90°时前抽屉试验均阴性;Lachman（＋＋）6例;膝关节功能Lyscholm评分为（93．5±4．4）分。X线片检查未发现骨隧道扩大和骨囊肿形成。术后3个月KT-2000检查膝关节稳定115例。结论可吸收交叉钉用于胭绳肌重建ACL固定效果可靠,其可提供初始稳定性和后期的生物稳定性,且可自行吸收。     

嵌入固定法重建前交叉韧带:肌腱-骨和肌腱结的生物力学和组织学研究

目的 探讨肌腱-骨和肌腱结两种移植物重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的生物力学效果和组织学转归情况。方法 生物力学部分采用猪膝关节45个模拟交叉韧带重建。实验分为：骨-髌腱-骨（B-PT—B）界面螺钉固定法（n=11）、股骨端单纯肌腱结（n=13）和肌腱-骨（n=11）嵌压固定法；猪正常膝关节（n=8）ACL作为实验对照组。观察最大载荷拔出、刚度和最大位移等指标，数据进行统计学处理。组织学部分用10只山羊膝关节为实验模型，股骨隧道呈倒置瓶颈状，分别以髌腱-胫骨结节骨块或趾长伸肌腱结为移植物，在股骨隧道内嵌压固定重建前交叉韧带。术后4、8、12、16周取材，分别进行放射学、大体形态和组织切片检查，观察隧道宽度变化及移植物的组织学转归。结果 最大载荷：肌腱结和肌腱-骨嵌压固定法〉B-PT—B界面螺钉固定。前者可以满足正常生理强度需求。两组移植物术后各时间点放射检查未见隧道扩大；HE染色检查显示12周后有明显的腱-骨连接形成。结论 股骨端肌腱结和肌腱-骨两种移植物采用嵌压固定法重建ACL，其最大载荷强度〉B-PT—B界面螺钉固定法，能满足日常生理活动需求，有利于移植物的愈合。     

关节镜下半腱肌加股薄肌肌腱自体移植重建膝关节前交叉韧带(附24例报告)

24例膝关节前交叉韧带 (ACL)患者在关节镜下行半腱肌加股薄肌肌腱自体移植重建术。术后平均随访 12个月。按照 L ysholm膝关节功能评分 :术前 (5 2 .4± 15 .9)分 ,术后 6、12、2 4个月的评分分别为 (85 .0±12 .2 )分、(89.3± 11.7)分、(90 .8± 10 .5 )分 ,与术前比较均有明显统计学差异 (P<0 .0 1)。认为关节镜下半腱肌加股薄肌肌腱自体移植重建 ACL 具有生物力学性质好、取材处并发症少、手术创伤小、固定方法可靠、临床效果优良等特点 ,值得临床推荐使用     

Achilles tendon injuries

The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the human body. Because most Achilles tendon injuries take place in sports and there has been an common upsurge in sporting activities, the number and incidence of the Achilles tendon overuse injuries and complete ruptures have increased in the industrialized countries during the last decades. The most common clinical diagnosis of Achilles overuse injuries is tendinopathy, which is characterized by a combination of pain and swelling in the Achilles tendon accompanied by impaired ability to perform strenuous activities. Most patients with Achilles tendon injury respond favorably to conservative treatment and only those who fail to respond to carefully followed nonoperative treatment should undergo surgery for repair. A complete rupture of the Achilles tendon usually occurs in sports that require jumping, running, and quick turns. Although histopathologic studies have shown that ruptured Achilles tendons include clear degenerative changes before the rupture, many of the Achilles tendon ruptures occur suddenly without any preceding signs or symptoms. Neither conservative nor operative treatment is a treatment of choice for the ruptured Achilles tendon. It is generally accepted that surgery should be performed on ruptured Achilles tendons in young, physically active patients and in those patients for whom the diagnosis or the treatment of the rupture has been delayed, whereas the results of conservative treatment are an acceptable outcome in older patients with sedentary lifestyles. Many important issues still remain unanswered concerning the cause, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of the Achilles tendon disorders. Only when these issues have been solved by well-controlled studies can tailored treatment protocols be created.     

Extensor tendon rupture

SIR, I read the discussion of extensor tendon rupture [1] withgreat     

Posterior tibial tendon rupture

A patient initially presented with pain in the instep and medial malleolar area swelling after an eversion injury. The pain was described as "fiery" and failed to resolve with conservative measures. Ankle and foot radiographs were normal. The patient returned several weeks later with complaints of continued pain and of disturbed gait, the latter due to unilateral flatfoot and a sensation of loss of control of the involved foot. At surgery an incompetent posterior tibial tendon was found and repaired.     

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, a common entity, frequently is unrecognized and inappropriately managed. Acutely, pain and swelling are present over the medial ankle and longitudinal arch. Long-standing inflammation can lead to tendon rupture, resulting in a progressive planovalgus or "flat foot" deformity. Plain radiographs illustrate the changes in bony anatomy associated with chronic posterior tibial deficiency, while magnetic resonance imaging scans can identify the three stages of posterior tibial tendon pathology. Most cases are amenable to conservative therapy, including rest and administration of nonsteroidal antiflammatory agents. Often a short period of immobilization in a cast or the use of an orthosis is beneficial. In cases with persistent tenosynovitis, complete tendon rupture, or progressive deformity, surgical intervention is indicated.     

The palpable tendon friction rub

Objective. To evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of palpable tendon friction rubs in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods. SSc patients evaluated prospectively at the University of Pittsburgh were examined serially for the presence of tendon friction rubs on physical examination. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of disease were obtained by patient examination, annual patient questionnaire, and medical record review. Patients were classified as having limited or diffuse scleroderma according to standard definitions. The prognostic significance of the presence of tendon friction rubs was determined using this comprehensive database. Results. The SSc patients (n = 1,305) were first evaluated during 1972 through 1991 and were followed up for a mean of 6.3 years. Tendon friction rubs were detected most frequently in patients who had or who developed diffuse cutaneous involvement. There were strong correlations between the presence of tendon friction rubs and symptoms and signs typical of diffuse scleroderma, including more severe skin thickening, more frequent heart and kidney involvement, and decreased survival. In multiple regression analyses, the presence of 1 or more tendon friction rubs was one of the best predictors of both evolution to diffuse scleroderma and reduced survival. Conclusion. The palpable tendon friction rub is an easily detected, inexpensively obtained physical examination finding which is highly associated with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and decreased survival. This observation should lead to the early diagnosis of diffuse scleroderma and should identify patients at high risk for serious visceral involvement who are thus candidates for potential disease-modifying therapy.