X线、CT小肠造影诊断小肠Crohn病的价值

目的 探讨X线和多层螺旋CT小肠造影对小肠Crohn病的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析并对照经内镜、手术、病理证实,且在间隔1个月内(1～30 d,平均8 d)同时行X线和多层螺旋CT小肠造影的23例小肠Crohn病的影像学表现.结果 23例小肠Crohn病的X线表现为:多节段病变18例(78%)、黏膜增粗22例(96%)、线形溃疡17例(74%)、卵石征16例(70%)、肠腔狭窄14例(61%)、假憩室样改变6例(26%)、瘘管/窦道6例(26%)、肿块/脓肿2例(9%).CT小肠造影表现为:多节段病变19例(83%)、肠壁增厚23例(100%)、强化增加22例(96%)、肠壁分层14例(61%)、蜂窝织炎16例(70%)、肠系膜血管增多("梳征")12例(52%)、肠腔狭窄9例(39%)、窦道/瘘管7例(30%)、病变肠管周围纤维脂肪增多7例(30%)、脓肿和炎性肿块5例(22%)、假憩室4例(17%)、多发淋巴结肿17例(74%).X线显示黏膜病变22例,CT小肠造影显示肠壁病变23例,CT较X线显示了更多的Crohn病相关的肠腔外病变.结论 X线和CT小肠造影两者结合有利于对小肠Crohn病的正确诊断,及时发现并发症.     

螺旋CT及重组技术对小肠Crohn病的诊断价值

目的：探讨小肠Crohn病的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的8例Crohn病的CT扫描及后处理图像,分析病变肠管的数量、部位、肠壁的厚度和增强后病变肠壁的强化及并发症（蜂窝组织炎、炎性肿块、脓肿和瘘管）。结果：CT及后处理图像均能显示小肠Crohn病的病变肠段,敏感度为100%,8例共显示27段炎症肠壁。小肠Crohn病的CT表现：增强后所有病变肠段肠壁均有强化,25个病变肠段（92%）肠壁增厚,病变累及第6组小肠（回肠远段）8例,累及第5组（回肠中段）、第4组（回肠近段）、第3组（空肠远段）和第2组小肠（空肠近段）者分别7例、3例、2例和2例,累及回盲部3例,广泛累及结肠2例,8例均同时累及2组及2组以上小肠并呈节段性分布。肠系膜血管改变5例（62%）,肠管周围蜂窝织炎3例,炎性肿块2例,腹腔脓肿形成1例,未见瘘管形成。结论：螺旋CT及后处理技术是诊断小肠Crohn病的一种敏感的检查方法,并可判断病变的活动性,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

Crohn病的多层螺旋CT小肠造影征象分析

目的分析Crohn病的多层螺旋CT小肠造影(multislice computer tomography enterography,MSCTE)影像征象,并讨论其对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析28例经内镜、手术、病理证实的Crohn病的MSCTE影像学资料,全部患者行CT平扫和动脉期、静脉期增强扫描,并行MPR、厚层MIP等重建。结果 28例中单纯小肠受累(9/28),小肠-结肠同时受累(16/28),单独结肠受累(3/28),病变以累及回肠末端最为常见(20/28)。MSCTE表现:肠壁增厚(28/28),肠壁厚度4.5~23.2mm;增强扫描肠壁分层状强化(19/28),均匀强化(9/28),肠腔狭窄(15/28),肠系膜淋巴结增大(19/28),病变肠管周围肠系膜血管增多(15/28);MSCTE表现肠壁增厚、分层状强化、肠系膜脂肪渗出性改变、血管增多(梳征)等征象可提示克罗恩病(CD)病变处于活动期。结论 MSCTE是一种诊断Crohn病较敏感的非侵入性成像方法,可同时显示肠壁及肠腔外病变,且对CD的活动性评估具有一定优势,可作为该病首选的影像诊断方法。     

多层螺旋CT小肠造影对Crohn病的诊断价值评价

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT小肠造影对Crohn病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经内镜、手术、病理证实的60例Crohn病的多层螺旋CT小肠造影影像学表现。结果:60例中多节段病变43例(72%),单独小肠受累21例(35%)、小肠和大肠同时受累35例(58%)、单独大肠受累4例(7%)。小肠累及的56例(93%)中,累及回肠末端39例(70%)。MSCTE所见包括:肠壁增厚60例(100%)、强化增加58例(97%)、肠壁分层39例(65%)、肠腔狭窄32例(53%)、肠壁脓肿5例(8%)、肠系膜血管增多("梳征")39例(65%)、病变肠管周围纤维脂肪增多19例(32%)、蜂窝织炎40例(67%)、腹腔脓肿和炎性肿块13例(22%)、窦道/瘘管15例(25%)、假憩室12例(20%)、多发淋巴结肿42例(70%)、肛周病变4例(7%)。肠管增厚、肠管分层、强化增加、肠壁内脓肿、病变肠管周围蜂窝织炎、血管增多(梳征)等可反应病变的活动性。动脉期与静脉期比较,未提供肠壁、肠管外病变的更多信息。结论:CT小肠造影可同时显示Crohn病的小肠和结肠病变,对肠壁病变及肠腔外并发症的显示以及在判断病变活动性方面有独特的优越性,可作为首选的影像学检查方法。     

Crohn肠病的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 总结多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在诊断Crohn肠病中的应用价值.方法 观察21例经临床、影像和病理3方面综合诊断为Crohn肠病的MSCT表现,分析其影像学特点.结果 21例均表现为多节段肠壁增厚,其中直、乙状结肠受累2例,系膜缘增厚明显有13节段,肠壁均有不同程度强化.肠壁溃疡3例,瘘管2例,肠内瘘1例,肠梗阻2例,肠旁蜂窝织炎6例,炎性包块或腹腔脓肿6例.肠系膜淋巴结肿大13例,系膜密度增高10例,继发肠间距增宽5例,系膜血管增粗、密集12例,梳子征8例.MIP和MPR技术更有助于全面显示病变.结论 MSCT对Crohn肠病肠壁的病变,肠外并发症及肠系膜、血管、淋巴结异常均有良好显示,并能判断病程,指导临床治疗,不失为一较好的影像检查方法.     

小肠Crohn病的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的探讨小肠Crohn病的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的35例小肠Crohn病的MSCT表现,分析病变肠管的数量、部位、肠壁厚度、增强后的强化特点及并发症。结果 MSCT均能显示小肠Crohn病的病变肠段,敏感性为100%。35例中共显示112段炎症肠壁,病变累及第6组小肠(回肠远段)35例,累及第5组、第4组、第3组、第2组分别为29例、16例、7例、4例,累及回盲部25例,广泛累及结肠4例。所有病例均表现为肠壁增厚,增强扫描显示病变肠壁有较明显强化,呈分层状或均一强化。肠系膜血管增生及"梳样征"21例,肠管周围蜂窝织炎13例,炎性肿块1例,瘘管2例,不全梗阻4例。结论 MSCT检查是小肠Crohn病的一种敏感的检查方法,小肠Crohn病的CT表现有一定特征性,可判断病变的活动性及疾病的发展阶段,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

MSCT Diagnosis of Crohn' s Disease of the Small Intestine

目的 探讨小肠Crohn病的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的35例小肠Crohn病的MSCT表现,分析病变肠管的数量、部位、肠壁厚度、增强后的强化特点及并发症.结果 MSCT均能显示小肠Crohn病的病变肠段,敏感性为100％.35例中共显示112段炎症肠壁,病变累及第6组小肠(回肠远段)35例,累及第5组、第4组、第3组、第2组分别为29例、16例、7例、4例,累及回盲部25例,广泛累及结肠4例.所有病例均表现为肠壁增厚,增强扫描显示病变肠壁有较明显强化,呈分层状或均一强化.肠系膜血管增生及“梳样征”21例,肠管周围蜂窝织炎13例,炎性肿块1例,瘘管2例,不全梗阻4例.结论 MSCT检查是小肠Crohn病的一种敏感的检查方法,小肠Crohn病的CT表现有一定特征性,可判断病变的活动性及疾病的发展阶段,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义.     

多层螺旋CT对肠道Crohn病的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MDCT)Crohn病影像特点及诊断价值。方法:对我院经病理证实的14例肠道Crohn病患者的MDCT影像特点进行回顾性分析。结果:所有病例均有跳跃性肠壁增厚,8例表现为肠壁环形增厚,同时伴有粘膜强化和分层形成"靶征"及"双晕征";有11例表现为增厚肠壁分层消失,增强不明显,肠壁厚度多在5～11mm。4例表现为病变段肠管周围肠系膜水肿及增厚,蜂窝织炎,其中并发脓肿1例。7例表现为肠系膜淋巴结肿大。有3例表现为肠系膜血管增多增粗形成"梳征"。其中"靶征"、"双晕征"及"梳征",均提示与病变活动度相关。结论:MDCT不但能准确显示Crohn病病变部位、肠外病变,还能区分活动性与非活动性病变。MDCT可作为Crohn病首选影像学检查方法。     

X线、CT和MRI对小肠Crohn病诊断价值的评价

目的:探讨X线、CT和MRI对小肠Crohn病的诊断价值及其限度.材料和方法:分析经肠镜、手术和病理诊断的26例小肠Crohn病的X线、CT和MRI表现,其中X线小肠灌肠13例,CT小肠造影15例,MRI检查13例(其中小肠MRI水成像和注气小肠灌肠分别为7例和6例),同时行X线小肠灌肠和CT检查7例,行X线小肠灌肠和MRI检查8例,行CT和MRI检查2例.结果:13例小肠Crohn病的X线表现为多个节段性病变12例(92%),线形溃疡11例(85%),卵石征11例(85%),瘘管形成4例,不对称性病变伴假憩室样改变3例,误诊为肠管外炎性肿块和脓肿3例.15例CT小肠造影表现为肠壁增厚15例(100%),强化增加13例(87%),多节段性病变13例(87%),肠管周围蜂窝织炎11例(73%),脓肿和炎性肿块5例,瘘管形成3例.13例MRI表现为肠壁强化增加13例(100%),肠壁增厚12例(92%),多节段性病变11例(85%),肠管周围蜂窝织炎9例(69%),炎性肿块6例,瘘管2例.CT和MRI均未显示肠壁线形溃疡和卵石征.结论:X线小肠灌肠易于显示小肠Crohn病线形溃疡和卵石征的特征性改变,对小肠Crohn病的初次诊断具有重要价值,但难以明确显示肠管外炎性肿块和脓肿;CT和MRI均难以显示肠壁线形溃疡和卵石征,但可明确显示病变肠壁及其周围并发症,对于指导临床治疗以及评价临床疗效具有重要价值.     

Crohn病的CT表现

目的探讨Crohn病的CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的18例Crohn病的CT征象，大多数病例采用螺旋CT或多层螺旋CT扫描。结果所有病例均有节段性肠壁增厚，CT增强有7例表现为肠壁均匀增厚，缺乏层次，同时肠壁强化不明显；有11例表现为黏膜增厚和分层形成“靶征”和“双环征”，肠壁厚度多在5～10mm；有9例表现为病变段肠管周围纤维脂肪成分增多，蜂窝织炎及肠周或肠系膜血管增多增粗。有5例CT首先考虑为其他疾病，1例考虑为闭攀性肠梗阻，1例首先考虑为肠结核，2例回盲部病变怀疑为癌，1例肠穿孔形成脓肿仅诊为化脓性感染。结论cT不但能准确显示Crohn病肠壁、肠系膜及周围结构的异常，增强CT还能区分活动性与非活动性病变，有助于临床采取合理而积极的治疗方案。     

Crohn disease of the small bowel: spiral CT evaluation after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of spiral CT study of small-bowel Crohn disease with use of oral hyperhydration with isoosmotic solution. METHOD: We prospectively analyzed 33 consecutive patients and 10 control subjects with spiral CT after oral administration of 2,000 ml of polyethylene glycol electrolyte-balanced solution. The CT diagnoses were compared with the results of conventional radiologic oral barium examination (33 cases), ileum colonoscopy (8 cases), and surgery (4 cases). RESULTS: The final diagnoses were Crohn disease (14 cases), no small-bowel disease (16 cases), cancer of ileocecal valve (1 case), carcinosis of mesenteric root (1 case), and intestinal lymphangiectasia (1 case). In the control group, no abnormalities of the small bowel were found. The sensitivity of spiral CT was 85.7%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 90%, and diagnostic accuracy 93.9%. CONCLUSION: Our method allowed adequate distension of the small bowel for spiral CT studies, thus resulting in a safe and effective alternative to small-bowel spiral CT enema, which can be used in patients that refuse the nasojejunal balloon catheter.     

Cine magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of peristalsis of small bowel with longitudinal ulcer in Crohn disease: preliminary results

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate peristalsis of the small bowel with a longitudinal ulcer in Crohn disease using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Fifteen patients with suspected or diagnosed Crohn disease were examined by cine MRI using a multislice and multiphase method. Inclusion criteria were pathological evidence of Crohn disease and confirmation of longitudinal ulceration in the small bowel by ileocolonoscopy, single- or double-contrast radiography of the small bowel, or surgery. Six of these patients were included in this study. Cine MRI findings of the small bowels were retrospectively reviewed by 2 radiologists. RESULTS: Asymmetric involvement or mesenteric rigidity with antimesenteric flexibility was seen in all patients by cine MRI. This finding was not seen in normal small bowel segments. A combination of ileocolonoscopy and contrast radiography detected longitudinal ulcers in 5 of the 6 patients, and surgery revealed ulceration in the remaining patient. CONCLUSIONS: Cine MRI was a feasible approach for detecting a longitudinal ulcer in small-bowel Crohn disease.     

Crohn Disease: mural attenuation and thickness at contrast-enhanced CT Enterography--correlation with endoscopic and histologic findings of inflammation

PURPOSE: To determine retrospectively if quantitative measures of small-bowel mural attenuation and thickness at computed tomographic (CT) enterography correlate with endoscopic and histologic findings of small-bowel inflammation and to estimate the performance of these measures in predicting inflammatory Crohn disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, which was conducted with patient informed consent. CT enterography data in 96 patients (31 male patients and 65 female patients) who underwent ileoscopy with or without biopsy were examined for CT signs of active Crohn disease. The most highly enhancing segment of terminal ileum and a normal-appearing ileal loop were identified. After it was confirmed that semiautomated software could accurately measure mural attenuation and thickness, the selected terminal ileal and normal-appearing (control) ileal loops were examined (20 automated measurements at each location) to quantify mural attenuation and wall thickness. Results were compared with endoscopy and histology reports by using logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Quantitative measures of terminal ileal mural attenuation and wall thickness correlated significantly with active Crohn disease (P < .001). Small-bowel wall thickness was not a significant factor after attenuation was taken into account. A threshold attenuation value with a sensitivity of 90% (18 of 20) for definite Crohn disease (compared with a sensitivity of 80% [16 of 20] for radiologist assessment) was selected. In patients who underwent ileal biopsy, threshold attenuation had a sensitivity identical to that of ileoscopy (81% [26 of 32]; 95% confidence interval: 64%, 93%) in predicting histologic inflammation. CONCLUSION: Quantitative measures of mural attenuation and wall thickness at CT enterography correlate highly with ileoscopic and histologic findings of inflammatory Crohn disease. Quantitative measures of mural attenuation are sensitive markers of small bowel inflammation.     

螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值。方法:对64例小肠梗阻患者肌注低张剂、口服对比剂后行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:机械性小肠梗阻59例(其中肠肿瘤17例,炎性病变7例,腹外疝8例,腹内疝5例,肠粘连8例,腹茧症5例,胆石3例,肠套叠3例,肠扭转2例,粪块1例),CT诊断正确55例,诊断符合率93%。麻痹性肠梗阻5例,CT诊断正确3例,诊断符合率为60%。8例绞窄性肠梗阻,7例CT诊断正确,诊断符合率88%。结论:CT判断小肠梗阻的有无以及明确梗阻的部位、原因、程度和肠管缺血具有较高的准确性,是诊断小肠梗阻的可靠方法。     

Crohn disease in the pediatric patient: CT evaluation

Computed tomographic (CT) scans and medical records of 25 children (age range, 10-18 years) with pathologically proved Crohn disease were reviewed to better define the role of CT in the management of pediatric patients with Crohn disease. CT findings included small bowel thickening (range, 5-10 mm) (n = 20), colonic wall thickening (range, 6-15 mm) (n = 15), and small bowel dilation (n = 5). Mesenteric abnormalities such as adenopathy and focal fatty proliferation were seen in 11 to 18 patients, respectively. Extraluminal complications were easily identified with CT. Abscesses were noted in seven patients, inflammatory masses in four, and perirectal or perineal inflammation in 10. Fistulas were detected in four patients. The authors conclude that CT should be the initial imaging study performed in children with known Crohn disease and a changing pattern of clinical symptoms.     

口服法小肠灌肠CT检查的诊断价值研究

目的：评价口服法小肠灌肠CT检查对小肠病变的诊断价值。材料和方法：研究的对象包括2003年1月-2005年3月间53例临床怀疑有小肠病变而行小肠CT检查的患者。扫描前20—30rain口服混合溶液（每1000ml由20％甘露醇250ml＋5％糖盐水500ml＋水250ml所配成）约2000ml充盈小肠。首先，对小肠的扩张程度进行评价；其次，通过横断位及多平面重建，从局限性或弥漫性肠壁增厚、小肠肿块、小肠系膜扭转、肠系膜淋巴结肿大、远处转移几方面进行征象分析，并作出诊断。分别计算小肠CT检查的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果：小肠扩张最佳的24例（24／53），扩张良好的25例（25／53），扩张欠佳的4例（4／53），无扩张0例（0／53）；口服肠道准备小肠CT检查的敏感度为97．6％（40／41），特异度为75％（9／12），阳性预测值为93．0％（40／43），阴性预测值为90．0％（9／10）。结论：口服肠道准备小肠螺旋CT检查方能够很好满足诊断需要，对小肠病变具有诊断价值。     

Small-bowel wall thickening related to a long intestinal tube: incidental CT finding mimicking a pathologic condition

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to describe the CT findings of small-bowel wall thickening related to a long intestinal tube in patients with bowel obstruction and to discuss the mechanism of this incidental finding. METHOD: Ten consecutive patients with intubation of a long intestinal tube for bowel obstruction were studied retrospectively. Five cases were diagnosed as colon cancer, three as postoperative adhesion, one as Meckel diverticulitis, and one as internal hernia of the small bowel. The history and imaging studies of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Small-bowel wall thickening was demonstrated in 6 of the 10 patients on CT. All findings of small-bowel wall thickening were observed along the long intestinal tube. Multiple accordion-shaped pleats were seen in five patients on longitudinal sections of the small bowel. CONCLUSION: Although definitive pathologic proof is lacking, small-bowel wall thickening related to a long intestinal tube was thought to represent a multiply "pleated" normal small bowel along a long intestinal tube.     

Forty-slice MDCT enteroclysis: evaluation after oral administration of isotonic solution in Crohn’s disease

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) enteroclysis after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution in detecting bowel wall alterations in patients with Crohn's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease established by ileocolonoscopy and histology were enrolled in the study; 15 patients with negative ileocolonoscopy served as controls. In all cases, MDCT enteroclysis was performed after oral administration of 2,000 ml of isotonic solution and intravenous administration of N-butylscopolamine. Axial, isotropic multiplanar and volume-rendered reconstructions were used to evaluate bowel wall thickness, ulceration, contrast enhancement, extraparietal involvement and possible complications. RESULTS: MDCT enteroclysis identified the typical signs of Crohn's disease in 26 patients (92.8%), with sensitivity of 92.8%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 75%. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT enteroclysis after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution showed a high level of accuracy in detecting small bowel changes in patients with Crohn's disease. It can be considered a safe and effective alternative to conventional radiography and small-bowel spiral computed tomography enema, especially in patients who refuse nasojejunal intubation.     

Assessment of small bowel Crohn disease: noninvasive peroral CT enterography compared with other imaging methods and endoscopy--feasibility study

A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate two biphasic computed tomographic (CT) enterography protocols, a noninvasive CT technique with water administered perorally and CT enteroclysis with methylcellulose administered through a nasojejunal tube, in 23 patients known or suspected to have Crohn disease. Results were compared with the results of fluoroscopic small bowel examination and terminal ileoscopy for the detection of active Crohn disease in the terminal ileum. Luminal distention did not differ significantly between the two CT protocols. Arterial phase imaging was noncontributory in 22 of 23 cases. The noninvasive peroral water CT enterography protocol had similar accuracy (12 of 15 cases, 80%) for enabling the detection of active Crohn disease in comparison with CT enteroclysis with nasojejunal tube (seven of eight, 88%) and fluoroscopic small bowel examination (17 of 23, 74%). No fistulas were missed with use of either CT technique. The authors conclude that noninvasive peroral portal venous phase CT enterography with use of water is an accurate and feasible technique for detecting active small bowel inflammation in patients with Crohn disease.     

The role of nasoenteric intubation in the MR study of patients with Crohn??s disease: our experience and literature review

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare magnetic resonance (MR) enteroclysis with MR enterography to verify whether nasoenteric intubation in patients affected by Crohn??s disease can provide supplementary information to that afforded by MR study of the small bowel.

Materials and methods

In a 12-month period, 40 patients (28 women and 12 men, mean age 35 years) affected by Crohn??s disease underwent MR imaging. Distension of the small-bowel loops was obtained by administering polyethylene glycol: 15 patients were given the mixture by mouth (MR enterography), whereas the remaining 25 received it via nasoenteric intubation (MR enteroclysis). Our study protocol included morphological sequences taken before and after intravenous injection of contrast medium and real-time functional sequences. Accuracy criteria for the execution of the examinations were designed according to 11 bands.

Results

Complete distension of the small-bowel loops was obtained in the 25 patients who underwent MR enteroclysis, with the additional advantage of a suitable assessment of those segments involved in the pathological process. This was not the case for the 15 patients who underwent MR enterography, because both the jejunum and the small-bowel loops appeared partially collapsed.

Conclusions

MR enteroclysis is the most effective technique for studying the small bowel in Crohn??s disease, as it not only provides a suitable morphological assessment but also supplies functional information.