肝移植术后运用漂浮导管进行血流动力学监测的护理

目的探讨肝移植术后运用漂浮导管进行血流动力学监测的护理。方法回顾性分析30例肝移植患者应用漂浮导管的临床护理资料。结果有7例患者分别出现心律失常、导管堵塞和局部感染，经处理后好转，其余病人均病情稳定。结论漂浮导管的应用可获得患者血流动力学状况，指导用药，提高移植成功率。     

脊髓损伤后低血压血流动力学监测进展

脊髓损伤后低血压的全身血管的影响,包括神经性休克造成低血压,外周阻力降低,心输出量减少,造成出血和缺血-再灌注损伤,而以往临床上最常用的血流动力学指标是一些静态的,因此更应重视脊髓损伤低血压患者进行客观细致的、量化并动态连续的血流动力学监测对及时评估病情和指导治疗有着非常重要的价值。本文将脊髓损伤后低血压的特点及血流动力学监测的近年来的认识及临床现状进展作一简要综述。     

部分脾栓塞对肝硬化脾功能亢进患者门静脉血流力学的影响

目的探讨部分脾栓塞(PSE)术对肝硬化脾功能亢进患者门静脉血流动力学的影响.方法对23例肝硬化并发脾功能亢进采用PSE术治疗.采用彩色多普勒超声仪分别于术前、术后3W和术后12W观察门静脉主干内径及血流速度的变化,并且计算血流量.结果PSE术后门静脉主干血流动力学参数均有改变,其中门静脉主干内径术后12W缩小显著(P<0.05),而血流速度和血流量术后3W和12W也均明显改变.结论PSE术对门静脉主干血流动力学有一定影响,是替代外科脾切除的首选的治疗方法.     

无创心输出量监测仪在剖宫产术中对血流动力学变化的临床观察

目的研究无创心输出量监测仪(NICOM)监测下剖宫产手术患者术中血流动力学变化及术后恢复情况,同时探讨NICOM监测系统在剖宫产手术麻醉中的适用度。方法选择2017年1-6月在该院住院的60名健康产妇为研究对象,随机分为对照组与试验组,每组30名;对照组按照传统麻醉方案进行液体治疗,在手术进行过程中根据平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)和患者尿量对输液方案进行调整;试验组连接NICOM系统,根据患者心脏指数(CI)和每搏量变异度(SVV)调整输液方案;检测患者术前、术后血流动力学监测指标:中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_2)、心率(HR)、CVP、平均动脉压(MAP)、CI、SVV、血液乳酸含量;术中液体输入输出情况:总输液量、胶体量、晶体量、出血量、输血量和尿量;术后相关情况:并发症和新生儿评分。结果手术前两组患者血流动力学指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。患者进入麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)后,试验组患者的ScvO_2显著高于对照组,而乳酸含量显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组中输液总量和晶体输入量显著降低,而胶体输入量显著增加(P0.05),同时试验组并发症显著减少(P0.05)。结论NICOM监测系统在剖宫产手术中可连续、稳定监测患者血流动力学指标,依照该指标进行麻醉和补液管理可以更好地维持患者血流动力学指标,减少并发症,利于患者恢复。     

盐酸瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用体会

目的观察盐酸瑞芬太尼在腹腔镜手术麻醉中的血流动力学监测及应用的有效性和安全性。方法对本院98例择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者选择气管插管静吸复合麻醉。术中观察Sp02、BP、HR、PETCO2、ECG和拔气管导管时间。结果术中患者在手术期间各时间点各项生命体征监测指标基本平稳,术后清醒拔管时间,最长15min,最短5min,平均为5min。结论使用盐酸瑞芬太尼麻醉的腹腔镜手术患者,其血流动力学更稳定,起效快、作用持续时间短、术后苏醒恢复快、镇痛作用强、麻醉效果好,且安全可靠。     

BIS在晚期肿瘤患者全身热疗麻醉中的应用

目的评价脑电双频指数（BIS）在晚期肿瘤患者全身热疗麻醉中应用的可行性。方法46例（ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级）晚期肿瘤患者，随机分为观察组（BIS监测）、对照组（常规监测）；术中监测心率（HR）、血压（Bp）、围术期血糖变化、术毕意识恢复时间等，并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果两组患者，麻醉与热疗全过程为（410±43）min，升温期（223±32）min、恒温期60min、降温期（72±17）min；升温期和恒温期HR增快，对照组50％的患者发生严重低血压，血压下降幅度〉基础值的30％，体温达41℃后，所有患者均用多巴胺维持血流动力学稳定；观察组血流动力学较平稳，仅有2例发生低血压。结论围术期BIS值维持在55—60，热疗患者的血流动力学及血糖浓度的变化是稳定的，意识恢复快，麻醉并发症少，保证了手术安全顺利地进行，说明BIS用于全身热疗麻醉中的监测是可行的。     

外科危重症患者术后血流动力学监测新进展

临床监测的目的是为迅速诊断疾病和了解病情变化,以便及时进行处理,并对治疗的效果进行评价,包括术后病情评估系统,各脏器功能监护和感染监测等等.     

煤工尘肺病人支气管肺泡灌洗术前后心脏血流动力学改变观察

目前，临床尚无能使尘肺病变完全逆转的药物，为减轻尘肺颗粒在肺内沉积、减缓病情进展，我院开展了支气管肺泡灌洗新疗法，对尘肺病有一定疗效，但有关灌洗术后超声心动图血流动力学改变报道较少，本文对病人灌洗术前后超声心动图检查结果，重点是瓣膜血流动力学变化参数，进行资料分析，旨在探讨其动力学改变的原因及指导临床完善操作技术，提高疗效，减少术后并发症。     

血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉窃血综合征围手术期的护理

目的探讨锁骨下动脉重度狭窄闭塞患者支架植入术围手术期的护理方法。方法选取医院中46例锁骨下动脉支架植入术患者围手术期进行合理的护理,包括监测生命体征、严密观察病情变化、及时发现手术并发症、加强心理护理和术后教育。结果 46例患者术中及术后均未出现重发症,血流畅通并且能够积极配合复查。结论有效的介入再通手术,积极地进行术前准备,术中的成功配合,术后的精心护理,并发症的预防是手术成功的关键。     

一例剖宫产术后并发完全肠梗阻的护理体会

目的分析剖宫产术后并发完全肠梗阻患者的治疗和护理。方法对剖宫产术后并发肠梗阻患者的病情进行严密监测，做好基础护理、心理护理、饮食护理，并加强引流管护理，保持引流通畅。结果患者通过保守治疗，经细心护理，痊愈出院。结论护理人员严密监测患者病情，重视患者不适主诉，早期发现，及时处理，是促进剖宫产术后肠梗阻患者痊愈的重要措施。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.