Preocupaciones sobre la educación de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2

IntroductionThe pandemic suspended educational activities in more than 100 countries. This has had catastrophic consequences on the progress of individuals at all educational levels, causing delays and deficiencies in knowledge. The objective of the study is to identify and analyse concerns about the education of health sciences students during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Materials and MethodsA quantitative observational and cross-sectional study was conducted with an exploratory scope aimed at students in the field of health based on an analysis of primary data. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a collection tool. This population was studied using a semi-structured individual interview, with prior informed consent.ResultsA total of 2,047 responses were obtained. The greatest concern of health students is not building the knowledge and skills necessary to exercise their professional activity. The predominant feeling is anxiety.DiscussionThe role of health sciences students is overlooked. We must change the way we provide education to students in times of crisis.     

Desempeño académico y egreso en 25 generaciones de estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM

IntroductionAcademic follow-up (cohorts) of medical students during training is a source of relevant information.ObjectivesTo identify academic performance and graduation rates indicators, and their relationship with gender in 25 cohorts of medical students at UNAM Faculty of Medicine in Mexico City.MethodsLongitudinal design of true cohorts, with analysis of the academic records of 24,529 students (classes of 1986 to 2010).ResultsIn recent years, more women than men study medicine, and students are younger and have higher high school and college grades. During the first year of medical school, grades are low and only half of the student population complete all mandatory courses without failing. Graduation rates after 5 years are 40% and after 8 years 75%.ConclusionsGender and academic outcomes are related. It is important to develop early interventions to improve the educational process.     

Physiopathologie de la drépanocytose

Sickle cell disease is associated with the inversion of one base pair (A=T → A=T). The sixth codon of the beta globin chain [GAA] becomes [GTA]. Accordingly, the sixth amino acid (glutamic acid, negatively charged) is replaced by valine, hydrophobic. A hydrophobic site is present on the outside of the HbS β chain. This incurs a hydrophobic bond with the phenylalanine in position 85 and leucine in position 88, in which outsource deoxy haemoglobin. Therefore, it creates a HbS polymer that deforms the red blood cell and causes vaso-occlusive crisis in the capillary venous pole. In this conventional design, the roles are added to the nitrogen monoxide and vascular tone, the increase in adhesion of red blood cells to the endothelium damage caused by red blood cells HbS: dehydration, senescence, formation of microvesicles. If these advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology have not yet had a clinical application, they will happen one day. It is therefore particularly important to pursue in France the network structure of sickle cell disease with a view to set up multicenter trials when the day comes.     

Évaluation du traitement de la maladie de Kaposi par la vinblastine au Togo: étude de 23 cas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of AIDS-related and non AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) using vinblastine (Velbé®). A retrospective study was conducted between January 1990 and December 2009 in the Department of Dermatology at the Lomé teaching hospital. The therapeutic protocol is the administration of 10 injections of vinblastine every 15 days. Evaluation was done at 10 weeks, 5 months, 11 months and 17 months. Twenty-three patients including 11 cases of non AIDS-related KS and 12 cases of AIDS-related KS were included in our study. The average age of patients was 39.3 ± 11.2 years. The sex-ratio (M/F) was 6:7. At ten weeks, partial remission was 26% and failure rate was 74%. Side effects as a result of the first five injections were dominated by anemia. At 5 months, complete remission was 17% including 3 cases of non AIDS-related KS, partial remission was 26% including 4 cases of non AIDS-related KS. Side effects of the last five injections were dominated by anemia and nervous toxicity. At 11 months, one patient was lost to follow-up and complete remission persisted in 13% of the patients. At 17 months, complete remission persisted in 9% of the patients against 4% of relapses. No long-term side effects were identified. Our study shows a poor efficacy of vinblastine in the treatment of AIDS-related and non AIDS-related KS and confirms the hematologic and nervous toxicity of this drug. The efficacy is better in the non AIDS-related KS than in the AIDS-related KS.     

étude préliminaire de la faune ophidienne de la forêt classée de la Lama, Sud Bénin

The following study aims at assessing the ophidian diversity of the Lama Forest, a classified area, situated in the South of Benin. One can distinguish three types of habitat according to the degree of human activity: the remaining dense forest at the centre, the intermediate plantation area, and finally the area around the edge which has been entirely subjected to human habitation. Each day for two weeks we have been working on various plots of study (by day), patrolled along transect routes (by night), and installed a trap in the central area. As a result, we were able to observe 32 snake specimens, 24 of which we captured. Nearly all were able to be identified, and have been classified into 13 genera and 17 species.     

À propos de l’exploration de la fonction Lactotrope

In France, the College National de Biochimie des Hôpitaux has edited an useful publication dealing with dynamic assays in clinical chemestry.CORATA, willing to share initiatives in the field of continuous education and, as far as she is concerned by the selected topics, has decided to assume a partnership and to leave with specialists the writing of a path physiological introduction.In this issue, the author has tried to summarize the milestone of prolactin assays.     

Análisis de los estilos de aprendizaje en alumnos de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile

Neuro-anatomically, with early stimulation, lived experience and personal interests, each individual develops the processes and skills to learn according to a mode of learning styles. Kolb's essay evaluates each person's ways of learning. Their knowledge helps in the adaptation of teaching/learning strategies according to the learning styles, as well as taking into account students with learning styles different from the cohort or are special.

Les errances de la communication sur la maladie à virus Ebola

For two reasons, communication is one of the major tools in the fight against any Ebola epidemics. Firstly, because Ebola is one of the most easily preventable of all infectious diseases and the thorough application of health-protection measures by the community of the sick persons is the best tool to fight any Ebola epidemic. Secondly, because during the two dozens of known Ebola epidemics health care workers have often met with people’s skepticism, or even hostility. However, our review of Ebola communication, as defined by WHO since 2013, shows that it has been marked by a series of errors, as well from a strategic perspective as in its concrete deployment. The same communication messages and tools have been used in non-epidemic and epidemic countries. A general ban on hunting has been promoted, while only 2% of sub-Saharan Africans live in areas inhabited by the bats that are the reservoir of the Ebola virus and while it is not proven that hunting is a major risk of infection. Erroneous or inappropriate messages have contributed to doubts and created anxiety. To be effective, Ebola communication should be based on education about the disease, meaning explanation of its cause, its transmission and its prevention.     

Afrontamiento ante la ansiedad pre-examen y autoeficacia académica en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Objective

The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between coping with pre-examination anxiety and academic self-efficacy in health sciences college students.

Bases conceptuales de las actividades profesionales a confiar para la educación de profesionales de la salud en Latinoamérica

The concept of entrustable professional activities emerged as an attempt to overcome some of the criticisms to the competency-based medical education approach; it has had a broad impact in practice and health professions education research. It has been disseminated internationally with its English acronym: EPA. This approach proposes to orient assessment and teaching to specific activities in the profession, which allows the integration of several competencies, and to determine which responsibilities can be entrusted to the trainee, in a gradual and explicit manner. The model assumes the definition of levels of supervision that allow progressive autonomy for each EPA, in students or residents, once they demonstrate the required competencies. Practice, supervision and feedback in real clinical scenarios are key to the development of autonomy in EPA performance. The dissemination of the EPA approach is still limited in Latin America, but it has the potential to create a significant contribution to curriculum design and evaluation, and to assessment practices of health professionals across their careers. It provides a deep review of the assumptions under which healthcare professional practice decisions are made, at under and postgraduate levels.     

Influence de l'abduction des membres pelviens sur la cinématique de la colonne thoracique et lombaire

Conclusion  Ce travail global a permis d'observer des éléments qui doivent être analysés plus précisément par des investigations complémentaires :