某木业有限公司作业场所职业病危害现状评价

通过收集相关资料、现场职业卫生学调查和职业危害因素检测,采用定量分析法对某木业有限公司作业场所职业病危害进行综合评价。结果显示,集成材车间砂光和修补岗位的工人接触木粉尘的时间加权平均浓度超标,刨光、成条、切割、指接、边胶、刨光、修补和砂光岗位工人接触噪声的8 h等效连续A计权声压级超标;家具车间下料、磨光岗位工人接触木粉尘的时间加权平均浓度超标,下料岗位工人接触木粉尘的超限倍数超标,喷漆岗位工人接触二甲苯的时间加权平均浓度与短时接触浓度均超标,下料、磨光、机加、检修、检包和喷漆岗位工人接触噪声的8 h等效连续A计权声压级超标,磨光岗位工人接触振动强度超标;其他各检测点的职业病危害因素浓度或强度均未超过国家规定的卫生限值。但职业病危害防护设施和个人使用的职业病防护用品等方面仍有待改善。 更多还原     

某炭素公司工作场所职业病危害及控制措施分析

目的了解以超高功率石墨电极为主要产品的炭素公司职业卫生防护现状,掌握其工作场所职业病危害因素的种类、浓度(强度)及分布情况,提出职业病危害防护的对策及建议。方法按照国家有关标准的要求,对该企业进行一般劳动卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害因素识别和检测及卫生工程相关指标检测,对职业病危害因素超标原因进行分析。结果职业病危害因素检测结果显示:有46.7%的粉尘作业工种接触粉尘浓度超标;40%的噪声作业工种接触噪声等效声级超标;毒物检测结果除作业工人接触甲苯的短时间接触浓度超标外,其接触沥青烟、氟化物、二氧化硫和一氧化碳的浓度均符合国家职业接触限值;工频电场强度检测结果均未超过国家职业接触限值。建筑卫生学指标检测结果显示:部分工作场所温度较高,中心实验室通风情况不符合相关规范的要求。结论该企业工作场所各种职业病危害因素中,以粉尘和噪声超标最为严重;部分工作场所职业病危害控制措施效果不佳,粉尘、噪声和部分毒物的浓度或强度不能满足《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》的要求。     

重庆市某木制家具制造企业职业病危害因素及其关键控制点分析

目的识别、分析某木制家具制造企业的职业病危害因素,确定职业病危害的关键控制点,提出有效防护措施,为企业职业卫生管理提供依据。方法 2018年10月,以重庆某木制家具制造企业为研究对象,采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查和关键控制点原理等方法进行综合分析。结果存在的主要职业病危害因素为噪声、粉尘、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯。检测结果显示,木制家具生产企业噪声强度和粉尘浓度超标岗位较多,检测13个接触噪声岗位其中4个岗位噪声强度超标,合格率69.2%,检测9个接触粉尘岗位其中5个岗位粉尘浓度超标,合格率44.4%,化学毒物检测浓度均低于国家限值标准。结论粉尘、噪声是木制家具生产作业人员最为严重的职业病危害因素,应通过加强关键控制点的职业病危害控制和降低职业病危害风险,保护劳动者健康。     

某氯碱企业职业病危害因素调查

目的对某氯碱企业进行职业卫生调查和评价,为预防和控制职业病危害提供依据。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查和检测检验法进行分析。结果该企业存在的职业危害因素主要有电石粉尘、聚氯乙烯粉尘、氯气、氯化氢、氢氧化钠、硫酸、氯乙烯、氨、硫化氢、二氯乙烷、噪声等;作业场所空气中电石粉尘浓度部分超过职业接触限值;作业场所噪声有超标现象,6个工种8h等效A声级噪声测量结果超过职业接触限值;化学性毒物浓度均符合职业接触限值。结论该企业粉尘、噪声危害程度比较严重,应采取有效措施,切实做好职业病防治工作。     

某企业防火门制造项目职业病危害因素控制效果评价

目的对某企业防火门制造项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价。方法采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查等方法收集数据和资料,并结合职业病防护设施、个人职业病防护水平及检测结果,对试运行期间作业人员的职业病危害因素接触水平及职业健康影响进行评价。结果该项目存在的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘、毒物、噪声及高温。现场检测23个检测点,130份样品。粉尘检测5个点,32份样品,工作场所粉尘浓度合格率100%。生产性毒物检测4个点,检测84份样品,毒物浓度合格率100%。噪声测定11个点,噪声强度合格率91%。紫外辐射测定2个点,合格率100%。高温测定1个点,合格率100%。结论由于该项目中噪声1个检测点超标,应高度关注超标岗位的职业病防护措施及个人防护。     

某饮料生产企业职业病危害因素识别和控制措施分析

目的确定饮料生产企业职业病危害因素特征,并对关键控制措施施进行分析评价。方法采用职业卫学调查、危害因素定量检测、职业健康检查等方法对该项目进行职业病危害因素识别和控制措施分析。结果该企业职业病危害因素有:噪声、化学毒物、粉尘和高温。粉尘(含其他粉尘、活性炭粉尘和矽尘)浓度未超标;重点检测化学毒物有乙酸、丁酮、氢氧化钠、盐酸、磷酸,其中乙酸称量过程接触乙酸CSTEL浓度超标(8.7~34.5 mg/m~3),整改后符合标准要求;噪声强度为79.6~96.2 d B(A),噪声普遍超标。结论此类高度机械化企业噪声危害严重,化学毒物危害亦不容忽视。     

某企业汽车配件生产项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的对某企业汽车配件生产项目进行职业病危害控制效果评价。方法采用职业卫生学现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查等方法收集数据和资料,并结合职业病防护设施、个人职业病防护水平及检测结果,对试运行期间劳动者的职业病危害因素接触水平及职业健康影响进行评价。结果该项目存在的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘、毒物及物理因素。本次现场检测350份样品,其中粉尘检测6个点,46份样品,粉尘样品合格率100.0%。生产性毒物检测13个点,248份样品,毒物浓度样品合格率97.6%。噪声测定29个点,噪声强度合格率96.5%。紫外辐射测定5个点,合格率100.0%。高温测定7个点,合格率100.0%。手传振动测定11个点,合格率45.5%。工频电场测定4个点,合格率100.0%。结论由于该项目中部分岗位臭氧、噪声、手传振动检测结果超标,应高度关注超标岗位的职业病防护措施及个人防护。     

某面粉企业扩建项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的对漯河市某面粉企业制粉车间扩建项目职业病危害因素进行识别,分析其危害程度及对劳动者健康的影响,提出职业卫生补充措施。方法按照生产工艺划分评价单元,采用工程分析、职业卫生现场调查与职业卫生检测相结合的方法进行评价。结果该项目工作场所主要存在谷物粉尘、其他粉尘、噪声等职业病危害因素。粉尘检测结果除中控员接触粉尘的浓度符合国家标准外,其他岗位接触的粉尘浓度超过国家职业接触限值。噪声检测结果除麦间巡视工、粉间巡视工和车间班长超过国家标准外,其他噪声作业人员接触的噪声强度符合国家职业接触限值。结论该企业粉尘和噪声超标区域较多,工程和个体防护措施不完全符合要求,企业需加强职业病危害防治工作。     

某铸造企业职业病危害因素检测分析

目的 通过对某铸件制造企业的职业病危害因素检测,确定产生危害的主要环节和工序,为制定综合控制措施提供依据.方法 根据现场调查确定存在的职业病危害因素主要为化学有害因素、粉尘和噪声,按国标要求采样、检测、判定.结果 监测岗位噪声强度超标率75.0％,接触粉尘岗位矽尘浓度(短时间接触浓度和时间加权平均浓度)均超标,浇铸、熔化岗位一氧化碳浓度和泡漆岗位甲苯、二甲苯浓度超过职业接触限值.结论 该铸造业存在粉尘、毒物、噪声等职业危害因素.     

某2×600MW超临界燃煤发电机组职业病危害检测与分析

目的检测和分析超临界燃煤发电机组作业工人接触职业病危害因素的浓度或强度。为该行业的职业病防治提供依据。方法通过佩戴个体采样器的方法,获得作业工人接触粉尘浓度、噪声强度数据。结果接触粉尘的12个工种有6个工种接触粉尘的浓度超过职业接触限值,接触噪声的12个工种中有6个工种接触噪声强度超过职业接触限值,除汽水化验员接触氨超标外,其他工种接触的毒物均不超标。结论超临界燃煤发电机组的主要职业病危害因素是煤尘、噪声等。控制职业病危害重点保护的工种有皮带运行工、筛分和碎煤运行工、灰控巡检工、锅炉值班员、汽水化验员等。     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Hydrazine inhalation hepatotoxicity

Abstract Hydrazine is a hazardous chemical commonly used as a reactant in rocket and jet fuel cells. Animal studies have demonstrated hepatic changes after hydrazine inhalation. Human case reports of hydrazine inhalation hepatotoxicity are rare. We report a case of mild hepatotoxicity following brief hydrazine vapour inhalation in a healthy young man, which resolved completely on expectant management.     

Fitness standards in airline staff

Employers have a legal duty to manage safety and to meet this duty it is necessary to control risks arising from pre-existing medical conditions. Such conditions can be identified at the time of job placement, but there is little published information about the approach to fitness standards by most airlines. This review is therefore limited to the practice of one major airline. It is illustrated by reference to various occupations within the airline, with the associated rationale.