黄芪多糖诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向神经样细胞分化

目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在黄芪多糖的诱导下向神经样细胞分化。方法采用密度梯度离心法和贴壁筛选法成功培养BMSCs,并采用流式细胞仪检测CD44、CD45表达并对细胞进行鉴定。按照诱导方式的不同分为对照组、化学方法诱导组、黄芪多糖组。于诱导后第3、5、7天分别进行细胞形态学观察;并采用免疫细胞化学法和免疫组织荧光检测神经微管蛋白-βⅢ(Tuj1)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达。结果形态学观察:黄芪多糖组诱导BMSCs 12 h后出现形态学变化,逐步形成典型的神经样细胞;化学诱导组在加入诱导剂后细胞有突起伸出,并随诱导时间变化而增多,3 d可见到一些细胞漂浮脱壁,随时间延长死亡细胞逐渐增多。对照组无典型的神经样细胞形态。免疫组化和免疫荧光检测:Tuj1阳性表达,逐步形成典型的神经样细胞;GFAP阴性对照组未发现阳性细胞。结论黄芪多糖成功诱导大鼠BMSCs向神经样细胞分化。     

脑组织匀浆诱导人脐带间充质干细胞分化为神经样细胞

目的模拟体内微环境,研究人脐带间充质干细胞(hUCMSCs)在脑组织匀浆诱导下向神经样细胞的分化程度。方法体外分离、培养、扩增hUCMSCs,流式细胞仪鉴定其表面抗原CD29、CD44、CD45、CD105、CD34、HLA-DR;制备大鼠脑组织匀浆与hUCMSCs共培养,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,并应用免疫细胞化学技术检测共培养3 d后细胞内神经干细胞表面标志物巢蛋白(nestin)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达。结果脑组织匀浆培养hUCMSCs后,细胞表达nestin、NSE及GFAP,而正常培养的hUCMSCs不表达。结论脑组织匀浆可以诱导hUCMSCs向神经样细胞分化。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化中褪黑素受体和多效蛋白的表达

目的体外诱导成人骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）向神经元样细胞分化,并探讨分化过程中多效蛋白（PTN）和褪黑素（Mel）受体亚型MT1、MT2 mRNA的表达,以探索MSCs向神经元样细胞分化的特性和机制。方法密度梯度离心加贴壁培养法分离成人MSCs,原代和传代培养。取第6代MSCs设对照和实验组进行诱导,诱导后30min至3d,观察细胞形态并计数。免疫细胞化学法和RT—PCR法测定分化后细胞神经细胞特异性表面标志神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、微管相关蛋白-2（MAP-2）、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和诱导前、诱导后12hPTN和MT1、MT2 mRNA的表达。结果接种24h后MSCs开始贴壁,呈圆形或椭圆形。3d后可见梭状细胞呈集落状生长,10d～14d融合。第5代～第6代时呈现较均一的成纤维细胞样形态。诱导后胞体向胞核收缩;出现双极及多极细胞。12h变形细胞增多,细长突起相互连接。24h后变形细胞增多不明显。诱导后12h大部分细胞表达NSE、MAP-2,未检测到GFAP的表达。实验组诱导后12h细胞有PTN和MT1 mRNA的表达。结论PTN和Me1信号传导可能参与调控了MSCs向神经元样细胞的分化。     

大鼠脊髓匀浆上清液对骨髓间充质干细胞的诱导分化作用

目的探讨大鼠脊髓匀浆上清液对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)分化为神经样细胞的作用。方法分离得到的MSCs在体外扩增、传代。用碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)预诱导后加入不同时间的臂丛神经损伤大鼠脊髓匀浆上清液诱导。免疫细胞化学染色检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达,以鉴定分化细胞的表型特征。结果细胞诱导后具有神经元或胶质细胞样细胞的形态,相应细胞表面标志NSE或GFAP阳性,以损伤后7d脊髓匀浆上清液诱导组NSE阳性和GFAP阳性率最高(P<0.05)。结论臂丛根性撕脱伤大鼠脊髓匀浆上清液在体外能够有效地诱导骨髓MSCs分化为神经样细胞,伤后1w可以作为MSCs移植的最佳时间。     

体外诱导成人骨髓间充质干细胞转化为神经元细胞的实验研究

目的探讨成人骨髓间充质干细胞(hMSCs)在体外特定的诱导条件下,转化为神经元细胞的规律、效率及长期存活的条件.方法采用β-巯基乙醇为诱导剂,在体外诱导6 h后,改用诱导维持液使诱导后的细胞在诱导维持液中存活6 d.用细胞化学及免疫组织化学、Western blot方法检测神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞标记蛋白的表达.结果诱导6 h,诱导后的细胞尼氏染色胞浆中可见深蓝色的尼氏体形成;细胞表达NSE、NF-M,而不表达GFAP;NSE、NF-M阳性细胞数超过80%以上.Western blot结果显示:诱导6 h,诱导后的细胞表达Nestin,而无MAP-2的表达,随着时间的延长,Nestin的表达逐渐减少,而出现了MAP-2的表达.结论β-巯基乙醇在体外可定向诱导hMSCs经神经干细胞转化为神经元细胞,而且诱导后的神经元细胞逐渐趋于成熟.     

香丹注射液体外诱导大鼠MSCs分化为多巴胺能神经元效果观察

目的探讨香丹注射液体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）定向分化为多巴胺（DA）能神经元的效果。方法体外分离、扩增和鉴定大鼠骨髓MSCs。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）预诱导24h后香丹注射液诱导3h，采用免疫细胞化学法检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、微管相关蛋白2（MAP2）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、Bcl-2表达。结果诱导后MSCs分化为具有典型神经元形态的细胞，NSE、MAP2和TH呈高表达，PCNA表达明显减弱。结论香丹注射液诱导大鼠MSCs分化为DA能神经元效果较好。     

大鼠胎血与骨髓间充质干细胞分化能力的体外研究

目的：比较大鼠胎血和骨髓中间充质干细胞（MSC）体外培养过程中的生长特性及体外诱导两者向神经元样细胞分化的异同。方法：采用标准Ficoll-hypague技术分离大鼠胎血骨髓的单个核细胞（MNC），收获MSC传代培养，流式细胞仪检测细胞的免疫表型。β-巯基乙醇、二甲基亚砜、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚诱导MSC向神经元分化，免疫细胞化学法检测其特异性标志巢蛋白（Nestin）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达。结果：2种MSC细胞形态、免疫表型无明显差异。定向诱导后，2种细胞均表达Nestin、NSE，但GFAP阴性。结论：大鼠胎血和骨髓MSC的细胞形态、生物学特性无明显差别；两者诱导分化为神经元碰细胞的能力无显著差异。胎血应是MSC的又一来源。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞培养、鉴定及神经样细胞分化

目的建立稳定的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)体外培养、纯化、扩增的实验体系,并进行细胞表面抗原的鉴定及定向诱导分化检测。方法采用全骨髓贴壁培养法分离、纯化大鼠BMSCs;观察细胞形态,采用细胞免疫化学染色及流式细胞术检测细胞表面CD90、CD29、CD34和CD45表达;分别使用β-巯基乙醇及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子诱导细胞向神经样细胞分化,采用Western印迹法检测诱导后神经标志蛋白[神经巢蛋白(Nestin)、神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)]表达。结果培养至第3代的BMSCs,CD90、CD29表达阳性,CD34和CD45表达阴性;经诱导后,神经标志蛋白表达显著增高(P<0.05)。结论全骨髓贴壁培养法可分离、培养得到高纯度、具备相关生物学特性的BMSCs,且经诱导可定向分化为神经样细胞。     

三七总皂苷对人骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化后神经元样细胞生长状态的影响

目的 研究三七总皂苷(tPNS)与bFGF联合在人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)分化为神经元样细胞过程中的诱导作用及作用剂量.方法 全骨髓贴壁法分离、培养、扩增、纯化hBMSCs,流式细胞仪检测hBMSCs表面CD29、CD44、CD105、CD34分子,测定周期.取第三代hBMSCs,含20%胎牛血清的1 mmol/Lβ-巯基乙醇(BME)预诱导24 h,继而用bFGF(20 ng/mL)标准组、tPNS(1 mg/mL)药物组、20 ng/mL bFGF+低、中、高剂量tPNS(0.5 mg/mL、1.0 mg/mL、2.0 mg/mL)诱导液诱导,设立空白对照组.采用免疫细胞化学法鉴定神经细胞特异性抗原标记神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、微管相关蛋-2(MAP-2)和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达.MTT法检测各组诱导后不同时间点对神经元样细胞活力的影响.结果 成功分离培养hBMSCs,经诱导后大部分hBMSCs分化为神经元样细胞,联合诱导组细胞生长状态及活力较好,阳性细胞NSE、MAP-2比例高于对照组(P<0.05),GFAP表达阴性.结论 tPNS与bFGF联合在体外能有效诱导hBMSCs分化为神经元样细胞,表达神经细胞特异性抗原,保持较好的活力、延长存活时间.     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导神经干细胞分化的观察

来源于人胚脑组织的神经干细胞及来源于16岁非造血系统疾病患者的胸骨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),采用Transwell培养板在体外共同培养(共培养组),观察神经干细胞的形态变化,在共培养第7天用免疫荧光染色检测神经干细胞中神经元细胞特异性标志物特异性烯醇化酶(NSE),并与单纯低糖DMEM培养基培养的神经干细胞(对照组)进行比较.结果显示,共培养组中的NSE阳性细胞达32.7%±11. 5%,而对照组未见NSE阳性细胞,两组相比,P＜0.05.认为BMSCs在体外可诱导神经干细胞分化为神经元.     

Glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells from stem cells

Recent success with immunosuppression following islet cell transplantation offers hope that a cell transplantation treatment for type 1 (juvenile) diabetes may be possible if sufficient quantities of safe and effective cells can be produced. For the treatment of type 1 diabetes, the two therapeutically essential functions are the ability to monitor blood glucose levels and the production of corresponding and sufficient levels of mature insulin to maintain glycemic control. Stem cells can replicate themselves and produce cells that take on more specialized functions. If a source of stem cells capable of yielding glucose-responsive insulin-producing (GRIP) cells can be identified, then transplantation-based treatment for type 1 diabetes may become widely available. Currently, stem cells from embryonic and adult sources are being investigated for their ability to proliferate and differentiate into cells with GRIP function. Human embryonic pluripotent stem cells, commonly referred to as embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonic germ (EG) cells, have received significant attention owing to their broad capacity to differentiate and ability to proliferate well in culture. Their application to diabetes research is of particular promise, as it has been demonstrated that mouse ES cells are capable of producing cells able to normalize glucose levels of diabetic mice, and human ES cells can differentiate into cells capable of insulin production. Cells with GRIP function have also been derived from stem cells residing in adult organisms, here referred to as endogenous stem cell sources. Independent of source, stem cells capable of producing cells with GRIP function may provide a widely available cell transplantation treatment for type 1 diabetes.     

Insulin expressing cells from differentiated embryonic stem cells are not beta cells

Aim/hypothesis Embryonic stem (ES) cells have been proposed as a potential source of tissue for transplantation for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. However, studies showing differentiation of beta cells from ES cells are controversial. The aim of this study was to characterise the insulin-expressing cells differentiated in vitro from ES cells and to assess their suitability for the treatment of diabetes.Methods ES cell-derived insulin-expressing cells were characterised by means of immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and functional analyses. Activation of the Insulin I promoter during ES-cell differentiation was assessed in ES-cell lines transfected with a reporter gene. ES cell-derived cultures were transplanted into STZ-treated SCID-beige mice and blood glucose concentrations of diabetic mice were monitored for 3 weeks.Results Insulin-stained cells differentiated from ES cells were devoid of typical beta-cell granules, rarely showed immunoreactivity for C-peptide and were mostly apoptotic. The main producers of proinsulin/insulin in these cultures were neurons and neuronal precursors and a reporter gene under the control of the insulin I promoter was activated in cells with a neuronal phenotype. Insulin was released into the incubation medium but the secretion was not glucose-dependent. When the cultures were transplanted in diabetic mice they formed teratomas and did not reverse the hyperglycaemic state.Conclusions/Interpretation Our studies show that insulin-positive cells in vitro-differentiated from ES cells are not beta cells and suggest that alternative protocols, based on enrichment of ES cell-derived cultures with cells of the endodermal lineage, should be developed to generate true beta cells for the treatment of diabetes.Abbreviations ES Embryonic stem - LIF leukemia inhibitory factor - ITSF insulin-transferrin-selenite-fibronectin.Bleackley and Korbutt laboratories contributed equally to this paper     

DC与CIK或LAK联合对结肠癌细胞株SW480杀伤作用的研究

[目的]研究树突状细胞(DC)联合细胞因子诱导或未诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)或淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(LAK)对结肠癌细胞株SW480的杀伤活性.提供DC联合CIK或LAK治疗结肠癌的实验依据.[方法]取人外周血分离出单个核细胞(PBMNC),诱导生成DC、CIK、LAK细胞;流式细胞仪检测DC经SW480肿瘤抗原冲击后的表型变化;以CIK+DC细胞、CIK细胞、LAK+DC细胞及LAK细胞作为效应细胞,SW480为靶细胞,以15∶1、30∶1、45∶1为效靶比,LDH释放法测定细胞杀伤试验活性;ELISA检测杀伤试验中干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-12、IL-17的分泌水平.[结果]流式细胞仪检测DC经SW480肿瘤抗原冲击后,其表面分子HLA-DR、CD40、CD80和CD86表达分别平均为90.23％、73.68％、85.96％、57.55％,与未经肿瘤抗原冲击DC比较,DC成熟的表面标志分子表达明显增加(P＜0.01).相同效靶比下,CIK+DC细胞组对SW480的杀伤作用最强,明显高于其他细胞组(P＜0.01);CIK+ DC细胞组在效靶比为45∶1时,杀伤活性最强(P＜0.01);单独CIK细胞组的杀伤活性明显高于LAK+DC细胞组(P＜0.01);LAK+ DC细胞组的杀伤活性明显高于单独LAK细胞组(P＜0.01).效靶比为45∶1时,各杀伤试验细胞组上清液中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12、IL-17的分泌量,CIK+DC细胞组的IFN-γ、IL-12的分泌量显著高于其他细胞组(P＜0.05);LAK+DC、单独LAK细胞组IL-2的分泌量明显高于CIK+DC、单独CIK细胞组(P＜0.05);单独CIK细胞组IFN-γ的分泌量明显高于LAK+DC、单独LAK细胞组(P＜0.05).[结论]CIK+DC细胞组对SW480的杀伤活性明显强于单独CIK、LAK+ DC组、单独LAK细胞组.其机制可能是,SW480抗原致敏的DC分泌IFN-γ、IL-12等刺激、诱导CIK细胞的活化和增殖,明显增强CIK细胞杀伤SW480的活性.     

Dendritic cells: specialized antigen presenting cells

Renewing interest in cancer immunotherapy reflects the excellent results that have been obtained in animal models and the promising results in early clinical trails with dendritic cell (DC) based approaches. The central role that DCs play in the initiation of an immune response raises the possibility of using them to trigger specific anti-tumor immunity. In addition, deeper knowledge of DC biology will allow better understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying allergic and autoimmune diseases as well as tolerance phenomena. These crucial issues were critically reviewed during a workshop organized by the Italian Society for Experimental Hematology in Florence, Italy, on March 18th, 1999. The chairmen have prepared this report for the readers of Haematologica.     

树突状细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞对胃癌细胞杀伤作用

目的探讨树突状细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞对胃癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法采用胃癌患者自身血液中单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC),经体外诱导分别扩增出DC和CIK细胞,二者共同培养后,利用MTT法检测DC细胞联合CIK细胞体外杀伤人胃癌细胞株(MNK-45、MNK-28、SG-7901)的活性。结果DC与CIK细胞共培养后得到的细胞群高表达CD3 CD56 ,平均值达到(56.74±7.63)%。通过彼此相互作用诱导出的细胞群体对胃癌细胞株MNK-45、MNK-28、SG-7901有杀伤作用,且杀伤活性随着效靶比的增加而增强。结论DC与CIK细胞共培养后有很强的增殖能力,对胃癌细胞具有杀伤活性,且其杀伤作用与胃癌细胞类型无相关性。