经会阴超声检查剖宫产分娩后盆底功能障碍的临床价值

目的探讨经会阴超声检查选择性剖宫产分娩后盆底功能障碍发生情况。方法选取118例选择性剖宫产分娩的初产妇,在其产后6周经会阴超声检查,记录其盆底功能障碍的发生情况。结果 118例初产妇中,发生盆底功能障碍25例,其发生率为21.19%。对照组经会阴超声检查均未见异常,且两组均未检出压力性尿失禁的病例。研究组经会阴超声检查发现产妇直肠膨出2例,阴道前壁脱垂3例,膀胱颈活动度增加17例,子宫脱垂3例。两组产妇经会阴超声检查在膀胱颈活动度上的比较,存在明显差异;而两组在直肠膨出、阴道前壁脱垂及子宫脱垂诊出情况上的比较,均无明显差异。研究组膀胱颈移动度较对照组显著增大,且研究组在静息状态下、Valsalva动作时的肛提肌裂孔面积较对照组均显著增大。结论产后早期行经会阴超声检查能早诊断盆底功能障碍,有较高的临床价值。     

三维超声成像技术在产后早期盆底结构评估中的应用价值

目的探讨三维超声成像技术在产后早期盆底结构评估中的应用效果。方法选取我院分娩的180例初产妇为观察对象,其中阴道分娩130例、剖宫产50例。均于产后6～8周时经会阴实时三维超声成像技术检查。另选取50例未生育的健康体检女性为对照组,行经会阴实时三维超声成像技术检查。观察该组产妇及对照组在盆底平静状态和压力状态下的图像特征,包括肛提肌裂孔的左右径、前后径和面积等指标。结果阴道分娩组、剖宫产组、对照组在静息和Valsalva状态下的肛提肌裂孔的左右径、前后径和面积的差异均呈现统计学意义(P0.05)。阴道分娩组、剖宫产组、对照组在静息和Valsalva状态下的左右两侧耻骨直肠肌厚度的差异均呈现统计学意义(P0.05)。阴道分娩组、剖宫产组、对照组的膀胱颈移动度的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三维超声成像技术能够为产后盆底功能诊断提供解剖学和功能信息,在产后盆底功能障碍的诊断中有较好的临床应用价值。     

经会阴三维超声观察便秘产妇产后盆底结构及功能改变

 目的 经会阴盆底三维超声动态观察便秘产妇的肛提肌裂孔解剖形态及功能改变。方法 选取2014-01至2016-12在妇产科定期行产后复查的女性120例(产后组),其中有便秘症状48例(便秘产妇),无便秘症状72例(无便秘产妇),同期选取未育的无便秘症状健康妇女100例(对照组)。所有妇女均进行经会阴盆底三维超声检查,观察并测量、比较各组妇女的盆底形态结构及特征,测量各组妇女在静息状态、缩肛动作和Valsalva动作3种状态下的肛提肌裂孔面积、周长及耻骨直肠肌厚度。结果 产后妇女盆底组织结构疏松,对照组妇女肛提肌裂孔结构完整紧凑。在静息状态、缩肛动作及Valsalva动作3种状态下,产后组妇女的肛提肌裂孔面积、周长及耻骨直肠肌厚度均明显大于对照组妇女(P<0.05)。产后组便秘产妇在各种状态下的肛提肌裂孔面积及周长均明显大于非便秘产妇(P<0.05);在缩肛动作时,便秘产妇的耻骨直肠肌厚度明显薄于非便秘产妇(t=2.41,P<0.05),其余状态下的耻骨直肠肌厚度两者间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 产后妇女盆底解剖结构发生重塑,经会阴三维超声能有效观察产后女性尤其便秘产妇盆底解剖结构与功能的变化。     

经会阴三维超声检查对子宫全切术后盆底功能障碍的诊断价值

目的 探讨经会阴三维超声检查在子宫全切术后盆底功能障碍中的诊断价值。方法 选取90例子宫全切术后患者，将术后无发生盆底功能障碍分为对照组30例，诊断为盆腔器官脱垂患者分为盆腔器官脱垂组总计30例，诊断为尿失禁患者分为尿失禁组30例。经会阴三维超声检查，分析静息状态和Valsalva状态尿道倾斜角(urethral angle, UIA)、膀胱尿道后角(posterior urethrovesical angle, PUVA)、肛提肌裂孔面积(levator hiatus area, LHA)对盆腔器官脱垂和压力性尿失禁的诊断价值。结果 Valsalva状态LHA对盆腔器官脱垂诊断的临界值为27.5 cm²,敏感度为70.0%,特异度为93.3%,阳性预测值为76.7%,阴性预测值为70.0%,说明Valsalva状态LHA对盆腔器官脱垂诊断价值较好；Valsalva状态UIA对压力性尿失禁的诊断临界值为40.5°,敏感度为80.0%,特异度为96.7%,阳性预测值为80.0%,阴性预测值为93.3%,说明Valsalva状态UIA对压力性尿失禁诊断价值较好。结论 ...     

西宁地区不同的接生方法对初产妇分娩结局的影响

目的:探讨西宁地区长强穴按压结合无保护会阴接生法对初产妇分娩结局的影响。方法:将360例初产妇随机分为两组,每组180例,分别进入第二产程的初产妇采用长强穴按压,产时使用无保护会阴接生法为观察组,和常规指导产时采用常规保护会阴接生法为对照组。对两组产妇子宫收缩持续时间,第二产程时间,产后2小时阴道流血量,分娩方式,会阴损伤情况,新生儿出生情况进行评估。结果:长强穴按压结合无保护会阴接生法组与对照组比较有显著差异。结论:在西宁地区初产妇第二产程运用长强穴按压,产时采用无保护会阴接生法,能促进第二产程进展,提高自然分娩率,降低会阴侧切及撕裂率,提高产科分娩质量。     

经会阴盆底超声检查评估女性盆底功能受不同分娩方式影响的价值

目的 探讨经会阴盆底超声检查女性盆底功能受不同分娩方式影响的评估.方法 选取初产妇176例和未育女性85例,初产妇根据分娩方式的不同将经阴道顺产分娩的89例产妇纳入观察1组,选择性进行剖宫产分娩的87例产妇纳入观察2组.未育女性85例纳入对照组,受检者均经会阴盆底超声检查,其中初产妇于产后6周检查,详细记录受检者Val...     

米索前列醇预防产后出血300例分析

目的 探讨米索前列醇防治产后出血的临床效果.方法 通过对自然临产的300例初产妇,随机分为使用米索前列醇的实验组(200例)和注射缩宫素的对照组(100例),于第三产程早期给予米索前列醇400ug阴道给药或舌下含化给药和肌内注射或静脉注射缩宫素10U,观察两组第三产程时间,测量产后2小时内阴道流血量,以及观察药物的副反应.结果 米索前列醇对产后子宫收缩作用强于缩宫素,能有效预防产后出血发生.结论 米索前列醇防治产后出血简易、安全、高效.     

腹腔镜阴道骶骨固定术治疗重度子宫脱垂伴阴道壁脱垂

目的 探讨腹腔镜阴道骶骨固定术对重度子宫脱垂合并阴道前后壁脱垂的治疗效果。方法 以80例重度子宫脱垂合并阴道前后壁脱垂患者为研究对象,均经盆腔器官脱垂定量分度法(POP-Q)证实脱垂程度≥Ⅲ度,随机分为两组。对照组行阴式子宫切除联合阴道前后壁修补术,观察组则行腹腔镜阴道骶骨固定术。比较两组手术情况,术后6、12个月对患者进行随访,评估手术的功能学疗效(PFDI-20和PFIQ-7评分)及患者性生活质量(FSFI评分)。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间均少于对照组(P<0.05);术后两组客观治愈率均可达到100%,随访1年,观察组复发率为0,对照组复发率为10%(4/40),观察组复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);术后6个月和12个月,观察组PFDI-20和PFIQ-7评分优于对照组(P<0.05);术后12个月,观察组FSFI评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 腹腔镜阴道骶骨固定术对POP-Q在Ⅲ度以上的重度子宫脱垂合并阴道前后壁脱垂仍有良好的修复效果,且对患者创伤小,复发率低,可有效保留患者性功能。     

腔内三维超声量化肛提肌损伤程度与盆腔脏器脱垂相关性研究

目的探讨腔内三维超声量化肛提肌损伤程度与盆腔脏器脱垂之间的相关性。方法选取2016年1月~2017年1月于深圳市宝安区中心医院自然分娩的126例产妇作为观察组,另选同期126例剖宫产后4~8周产妇为对照组,在征得两组产妇知情同意下以耻骨联合下缘作为参照点,测量膀胱颈、宫颈及直肠壶腹至耻骨联合下缘的垂直距离来量化前、中及后盆腔的脱垂程度和盆底肌静息状态、收缩状态下的矢状面肛提肌裂孔长度、肛提肌裂孔面积并进行比较,探寻腔内三维超声量化肛提肌损伤程度与盆腔脏器脱垂之间的相关性。结果两组膀胱颈、宫颈及直肠壶腹至耻骨联合下缘的垂直距离、盆底肌静息状态、收缩状态下的矢状面肛提肌裂孔长度、肛提肌裂孔面积相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Cochran-Armitage检验结果提示,前盆腔和中盆腔与肛提肌损伤程度呈线性趋势(P0.05),但后盆腔无线性趋势(P0.05)。结论腔内三维超声量化肛提肌损伤程度与盆腔脏器脱垂总体上呈正相关性,肛提肌损伤越严重,盆腔脏器脱垂发生率越高。     

超声动态观察产后盆底结构变化及监测尿失禁的临床价值研究

目的：应用三维超声检测产后女性盆底的形态结构,为产后尿失禁的诊治提供影像学证据。方法：选取340例产妇为研究对象,行三维盆底超声检查,观察并记录在静息和缩肛状态下盆底的形态结构参数,分析上述参数与尿失禁的相关性。结果：340例中,尿失禁65例,发生率为19.12%;在发生会阴裂伤及尿道内口未关闭产妇中,尿失禁的发生率均明显上升（均P<0.001）;尿失禁产妇分娩的婴儿体质量明显高于无尿失禁产妇（P<0.001）;尿失禁产妇Valsalva-尿道倾斜角明显低于无尿失禁产妇（P<0.001）。结论：经会阴超声检查可观察女性产后盆底结构的变化,为产后盆底功能障碍监测提供可靠的影像学资料;临床实践中,应将有会阴裂伤、尿道口未关闭的产妇作为重点观察对象。     

An active duty woman with anal incontinence after vaginal delivery: an elusive diagnosis

Anal sphincter injury as a result of birth trauma is the leading cause of fecal incontinence in women presenting to surgical clinics. A 36-year-old active duty woman was referred to the Urogynecology Clinic at Madigan Army Medical Center for evaluation of a deficient perineal body. She reluctantly reported a 12-year history of anal incontinence since the birth of her first child, predating her entry into the naval service. Examination revealed defects of the perineum and anal sphincter resembling a cloacal deformity. Uncomplicated overlapping anal sphincteroplasty and perineorrhaphy were performed, restoring perineal anatomy and continence. Anal incontinence and other anatomic defects attributable to lacerations sustained at childbirth may go undetected during routine screening examinations. Interview and examination techniques should be emphasized in primary care settings.     

MEBO治疗产妇会阴侧切口术后创面的临床护理体会(附39例临床报告)

目的:探讨能够有效减轻疼痛、促进愈合和减少会阴侧切口瘢痕增生的治疗方法以及解决产褥期问题的护理方法.方法:使用MEBO并按MEBT的技术要求治疗和护理39例产妇的会阴侧切口(实验组),并回顾性地随机抽取39份未用MEBO治疗的病历及随访资料(对照组)进行对照分析.结果:实验组中的33例产妇局部疼痛明显减轻,切口平均4天拆线,无一例发生感染,仅一例轻度瘢痕增生;39例均2小时～3小时自解小便,无一例便秘及肛裂发生;排除病理因素外,100%的产妇主动配合早吸吮.对照组39份病历均记录产妇切口有不同程度的疼痛,平均5天拆线,17例行物理引尿和肌肉注射新斯的明后才能排尿,4例施行导尿术;28份病历记载因切口疼痛而拒绝哺乳;36份病历显示产妇发生便秘与不同程度的痔疮;随访记录统计3例切口感染,35例切口产生结节状瘢痕.通过比较,实验组治疗及护理效果明显优于对照组.结论:MEBO应用于会阴侧切口,具有良好的镇痛、促进愈合和减少瘢痕的作用,有效解决了因切口疼痛和愈合质量差所带来的产褥期妇女问题,值得临床推广应用.     

超声腹腔镜线阵探头经直肠诊断子宫脱垂的初步探讨

目的探讨超声对子宫脱垂的诊断方法和价值。方法回顾性分析运用超声腹腔镜线阵探头经直肠诊断临床证实的32例子宫脱垂患者的声像图资料,并与子宫位置正常者30例作对比。结果 (1)腹腔镜探头经直肠检查可清晰显示直肠段前方子宫或阴道、膀胱或尿道等组织结构声像图,子宫脱垂程度不同具有不同的声像图表现,部分可显示脱垂过程的动态变化。(2)耻骨联合中央处骨回声下缘回声位置固定,容易辨认;以耻骨联合中央处骨回声下缘作为参照物,根据宫颈外口是否低于耻骨联合中央处骨回声下缘可诊断子宫脱垂。结论超声腹腔镜线阵探头经直肠诊断子宫脱垂可以以耻骨联合中央处骨回声下缘为参照物,能为临床明确病情提供帮助。     

Radiologic investigation of external rectal prolapse. Assessment in 48 patients with defecography, seven of them also with dynamic CT of the pelvis

PURPOSE: To report our personal experience in 48 patients with external rectal prolapse examined with defecography, evaluating radiological signs and the indications for surgical treatment. We also report the results of 7 patients with severe prolapse submitted to dynamic CT of pelvis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The findings relative to 48 patients suffering from external prolapse, 27 women and 21 men, (mean age 58 years), were retrospectively reviewed. In our study protocol the patient is made to sit on a defecographic commode with the pelvis in lateral projection and radiographic images are acquired at rest, on contraction and on evacuation. Dynamic CT of pelvis with axial and coronal scans of the pelvic floor was carried out in 7 patients with severe prolapses. Twenty-six of 48 patients underwent rectopexy. RESULTS: The main symptoms were anorectal and perineal weight sensation (93%), perineal disturbance in the sitting position (91%) and anorectal pain extended to sacral area (83%). Manometry, which was performed in 36 cases, showed a rectoanal inhibitory reflex evokable at high volumes of air, especially in incontinent subjects. Defecography demonstrated external rectal prolapse in all cases; rectal intussusception in 32, mucosal prolapse in 30, abnormal widening of the anorectal angle in 24 (16 of them were incontinent), rectocele in 22 and perineal descent syndrome in 16 cases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: External rectal prolapse is sometimes a dynamic progression of a rectal intussusception. In anorectal intussusceptions, the invaginatum involves the anal canal, thus causing the external prolapse. Defecography clearly shows the continuation of invagination out of the anus, with the formation of prolapse. Dynamic CT proved accurate in detecting the rectum morphology, but added no further information to defecography, except for the diastasis of anosphincterial muscles. Therefore, we conclude that defecography is the method of choice, though complementary to other instrumental techniques such as manometry, electromyography and endoscopy, in the diagnostic workup of these patients. Moreover, it can recognize other alterations, such as incontinence and rectocele, which can be submitted to surgical correction with rectopexy.     

改良会阴裂伤修补及不同术前处理的临床效果分析

目的探讨陈旧性Ⅲ～Ⅳ度会阴裂伤改良式手术及不同的术前处理的临床效果、安全性及意义。方法收集陈旧性Ⅲ～Ⅳ度会阴裂伤患者32例,其中14例(常规组)采用术前准备及术后处理旧法,18例(新法组)采用新法,根据临床资料和随访检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果两组总有效率均为100%,常规组治愈率为85.71%,新法组治愈率为88.89%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论会阴裂伤修补术的两种术前处理方法的治愈率很接近,对于治疗陈旧性Ⅲ～Ⅳ度会阴裂伤均为安全且有效的方法。     

Three-port perineal sparing technique

The records were reviewed of 103 patients with low-lying pelvic malignancies irradiated with a skin-sparing technique involving use of a pair of anteroposterior-posteroanterior opposed ports and a direct perineal port. Patients had rectal, anal, cervical, vaginal, urethral, or vulvar cancer. Use of a special lead compensator allowed the three beams to be applied perpendicularly to the surface, while delivery of a homogeneous dose to the pelvis and perineum was maintained. Skin dose with this method was greatly reduced compared with that delivered with simple opposing or four-port techniques, in which irradiation is tangential to the surface at the perineum. Acute perineal skin irritation was assigned a grade between 0 and 3, with grade 0 representing the least amount of irritation. All patients were in the grade 0 or grade 1 category. Patients treated for low-lying rectal carcinoma showed no increase in perineal recurrences when compared with historic control subjects. Use of this approach allowed delivery of adequate doses to the pelvis and perineum and a definite decrease in local toxic effects, and local control was not compromised.     

Rare (uro-)genital pathologies in young girls mimicking sexual abuse

Examinations of young children for suspicions of sexual abuse are challenging for the involved medical specialists because the consequences of the interpretation of the findings can be severe and dramatic. A broad knowledge of differential diagnoses including rare pathologies like urethral prolapse and failure of the midline fusion of the perineum, known as perineal groove, is essential in order to avoid unnecessary diagnostics and treatment, prejudgment, and to reduce patient family’s anxiety. We report two independent cases of girls aged 7 months and 5 years suffering from these rare pathologies, one presenting with painless lower genital tract bleeding, the other showing a lesion of the perineum as random finding during a neuropediatrician’s consultation. In both cases, the pathologies were initially misdiagnosed as injuries due to sexual assault, and judicial investigation procedures were initiated. In this paper, the characteristic symptoms and morphology of urethral prolapse and perineal groove are presented to enhance the awareness of these pathologies among forensic experts and help to establish the correct diagnosis.

     

直肠黏膜脱垂患者排粪造影的X线表现分级研究

目的 探讨X线排粪造影在诊断直肠黏膜脱垂病变中的影像学分级方法.方法 对38例通过X线排粪造影诊断为直肠黏膜脱垂的病例进行影像表现分析,并参考国内外学者的文献进行细化分级.结果 按照笔者研究的分级方法,38例直肠黏膜脱垂病例X线排粪造影诊断为1级的8例;2级27例,其中2a级15例,2b级12例;3级3例.部分患者同时合并直肠前突等其他征象.结论 直肠黏膜脱垂病变X线排粪造影的细化分级,可能有助于临床治疗方案的设计.     

OSAHS患者术前体格情况、AHI指数及Mallampti分级关系的探讨

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea—hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS）患者的体格情况、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea—hypopnea index，AHI）及Mallampati分级的关系，为OSAHS患者临床麻醉气道困难预测及疾病严重程度评估提供参考。方法回顾性研究120例经睡眠呼吸监测中心多导睡眠监测诊断为重度OSAHS的男性成年患者，ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级，根据术前Mallampati分级分成4组（Ⅱ组即MallampatiⅡ级组，Ⅱ组即Mal—lampatiⅡ级组，Ⅲ组即MallampatiⅢ级组，Ⅳ组即MallampatiⅣ级组）。记录年龄、身高、体重（bodyweight，BW）、体重指数（bodymassindex，BMI）、术前最低血氧饱和度（thepreoperative lowest oxygen saturation。LSAT-PREOP）、术前血红蛋白含量（hemoglobin，Hb）、AHI指数，并分析各指标与Mallampati分级的关系以及各指标与AHI指数的关系。结果Ⅰ组分别与Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组，以及Ⅱ与Ⅳ组组间进行比较：BW、BMI差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组，以及Ⅲ与Ⅳ组组间进行比较：LSAT-PREOP、AHI指数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。患者BW、BMI、LSAT-PREOP、Hb、AHI指数与Mallampati分级有相关性（t=0．371、0．346、-0．472、0．470、0．719）。患者BW、BMI、LSAT-PREOP与AHI指数具有相关性（r=0．411、0．423、-0．551）。结论OSAHS患者的BW、BMI、LSAT—PREOP、AHI指数与术前Mallampati分级具有相关性，可为临床评估困难气道情况提供参考。Mallampati分级、BW、BMI、LSAT—PREOP对于预测OSAHS严重程度有一定参考价值。