中学生的学业自我概念及其与学业成绩的关系

目的：探讨中学生的学业自我概念及其与学业成绩的关系。方法：使用自我描述问卷Ⅱ对2299名中学生进行了调查。结果：①男生的数学自我概念高于女生，女生的语文自我概念高于男生；城市中学生的一般学业自我概念高于农村中学生：较好中学学生的学业自我概念高于较差中学学生的学业自我概念；②初一学生的学业自我概念高于其他各年级学生；③中学生的一般学业自我概念和语文自我概念与其语文成绩存在显著的正相关关系。一般学业自我概念和数学自我概念与数学成绩正相关。结论：中学生的学业自我概念与其学业成绩存在显著的正相关关系。     

小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与人格的相关研究

目的：探讨小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与人格的关系.方法：采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表和小五人格问卷,对北京市两所普通小学随机抽取的550名3-5年级学生进行调查.结果：①小学3-5年级学生自我概念的性别差异显著,女生在除焦虑外的所有维度上的得分均高于男生;②自我概念与人格各维度有显著的相关.其中,自我概念总分与谨慎性、宜人性和外向性呈高正相关,与情绪性呈中等负相关,与开放性呈中等正相关;③不同人格类型学生自我概念水平两两差异显著,和谐型人格学生最高,保守型其次,退缩型的自我概念最低.结论：小学女生的自我概念水平普遍高于男生;自我概念高的个体是处事谨慎、情绪稳定、善于与人相处的外向者.     

初中生自我概念的特点及其与成就动机的关系

目的 了解初中生自我概念的年级与性别特点及其与成就动机的关系.方法 采用自我描述问卷(SDQ-Ⅰ)、成就动机量表(AMS)对济宁市1所中学的173名初中生进行测查.结果 ①初中生的自我概念年级差异不显著(F=1.064,P＞0.05),男生自我概念显著高于女生(t=5.275,P＜0.01);②不同自我概念水平的初中生...     

青少年自我概念发展特点的研究

目的:探讨青少年自我概念的发展特点.方法:随机抽取来自湖南长沙的3所综合性大学的学生751名,6所中学的中学生611名,年龄在12～25岁之间,用田纳西自我概念量表为评估工具.结果:①自我概念总分、自我批评以及生理自我、心理自我、社会自我、自我满意4个维度上性别差异显著,城市青少年和农村青少年在生理自我、心理自我和家庭自我上存在显著差异.②不同年级的青少年自我概念总分和各个因子分存在显著差异.初中生、高中生和大学生之间存在不同程度的差异.结论:总体上说,青少年自我概念的发展是不稳定和不平衡的,自我概念随年级增长波动幅度较大,且不同性别和不同地区青少年的发展存在差异.     

家庭社会经济地位对小学生自我概念的影响

家庭社会经济地位(SES)是家庭经济资本、人力资本和社会资本的结合,主要包括父母受教育水平、父母职业和家庭收入几个关键性指标[1]。它与儿童自我概念的关系已经得到了多项研究的证明[2,3],但国内对该问题的关注不够。本文以父母职业、父母受教育程度和家庭月收入为指标,考察家庭社会经济地位对小学生自我概念的影响。1对象和方法1.1对象从武汉市全部城区小学随机抽取5所小学4-6年级的全部班级,每班随机抽取15名学生。发放问卷735份,回收有效问卷721份。其中,男生338人,女生383人;四年级270人,五年级255人,六年级196人。1.2工具小学生自…     

拉祜族初中学生心理健康状况调查

近年来 ,随着对中小学生心理素质的日益关注 ,对初中生的心理健康状况的研究也频频见诸报端。云南拉祜族作为一个民族 ,因其独特的民族文化和生存环境 ,学生的心理健康状况与别的民族学生相比 ,是否存在一些差异性 ,引起我们的关注 ,本文作了调查研究。1　对象与方法对象 :从澜沧民族中学一、二年级随机抽取两个班 ;拉祜族初一 38人 (男 1 7人、女 2 1人 )、初二38人 (男 2 3人、女 1 5人 ) ;汉族初一 41人 (男 2 1人、女 2 0人 )、初二 2 7人 (男 1 4人、女 1 3人 )。年龄1 3～ 1 6岁。方法 :采用症状自评量表 ( SCL- 90 )为测查工具 ,统…     

抑郁情绪与中学生的自我概念初探

目的：考察存在抑郁情绪的中学生的自我概念特点。方法：根据ＳＣＬ－９０评定，从初一一高二的３９８名被试中检出存在抑郁状态者５９人，无抑郁者３３９人，然后运用Ｓｏｎｇ－Ｈａｔｔｉｅ自我概念量表考察了两组被试的自我概念差异，并对存在抑郁状态学生的性别差异、年级差异进行了检验。结果：存在抑郁情绪学生的自我概念明显低于无抑郁倾向学生的自我概念，尤其是在家庭自我、班级自我、自信自我和能力自我四个维度上差异更为     

470名初中学生一般性焦虑测量

４７０名初中学生一般性焦虑测量华南师范大学心理系王才康采用日本学者铃木清编制的一般焦虑测验（ＧＡＴ），在广东省三个经济比较发达的开放城市广州、深圳、汕头选取重点中学和一般中学各一所，进而从每个学校的初二年级和初三年级随机抽取一个班作为调查对象。共抽取...     

初中生非学业自我概念及其与父母教养方式关系研究

探讨初中生非学业自我概念性别、年级差异,以及父母教养方式和非学业自我概念之间的关系。从湖南省常德市某2所中学随机抽取304名学生,采用自我评价量表和父母教养方式评价问卷进行调查。结果显示:①初中生非学业自我概念中诚实可信赖自我这一维度上存在年级和性别的交互作用(P<0.05),与父母关系自我这一维度在年级上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),情绪稳定性自我和与异性关系自我这2个维度在性别上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但非学业自我概念总分在性别和年级差异无统计学意义;②父母温暖理解两因子与初中生非学业自我概念正相关(P<0.01),父母拒绝否认和母亲严厉惩罚3个因子与初中生非学业自我概念呈负相关(P<0.01)。父亲严厉惩罚对与同性关系自我、与异性关系自我呈负相关(P<0.01)。由此可知,初中生非学业自我概念的发展相对均衡,且与父母教养方式有关。     

初中生情感与自我概念、学业成绩的相关研究

目的了解初中生的情感现状及情感与自我概念、学业成绩的关系。方法采用问卷法调查了太原市两所中学的503名初中二年级学生。结果 1初中生的消极情感较多,自我概念的水平也较低;2男女生在情感量表的得分无差异。家庭经济收入高的学生,体验到较多的正向情感（F=5.683,P〈0.05）;3初中生的正向情感与学业自我概念呈正相关（r学校=0.36,r言语=0.29,r数学=0.32,P〈0.01）,负向情感与学业自我概念呈负相关（r学校=-0.31,r言语=-0.30,r数学=-0.29,P〈0.01）;正向情感与语文、数学成绩呈正相关（r语文=0.22,r数学=0.26,P〈0.01）,负向情感与语文、数学成绩呈负相关（r语文=-0.33,r数学=-0.33,P〈0.01）。结论初中生的正向情感需要进一步培养和增进;情感与其学业自我概念、学习成绩中度相关。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Cerebellar noradrenergic systems in aging: studies in situ and in in oculo grafts

Age-related changes in noradrenergic function in the rat cerebellum were examined using electrophysiological and electrochemical techniques. Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats showed subsensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) locally applied onto cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The modulatory actions of NE on Purkinje cell-evoked activity was also examined. In young rats NE preferentially inhibits spontaneous activity more than evoked excitations when compared to control. These modulatory actions of NE are not seen in senescent Fischer 344 rats. The intrinsic vs. extrinsic influences determining the loss of efficacy to NE were examined using three groups of rats with in oculo cerebellar grafts. The first group had young grafts grown in young hosts and these grafts showed a potent response to perfused NE. The second group, old grafts in old hosts, showed a diminished responsiveness to NE with respect to the first group. The third group consisted of young grafts in old hosts. These grafts demonstrated a responsiveness to NE that was indistinguishable from those in the first group. The integrity of the presynaptic NE fibers was examined in the grafts using electrochemical techniques. No difference in the release of NE was observed in the old grafts. Taken together, these results suggest a loss of postsynaptic NE function that is intrinsically determined. The change in NE modulation could influence information processing within the aged cerebellar cortex. This deficit could underlie behavioral changes seen in senescence.