NT-4在成年猴脊髓的表达

目的探讨NT-4在成年猴脊髓的表达分布情况,为成年猴脊髓中该生长因子的表达提供可靠的免疫组织化学证据。方法云南成年健康雄性猕猴5只,平均体重6 kg左右,氯氨酮(0.25 ml/kg)肌肉注射麻醉后,Zamboni液经心脏主动脉插管灌注固定动物,取T8脊髓节段入4%多聚甲醛后固定(4℃)6小时。制作20μm厚的连续冰冻切片,间隔取片后,分别以抗NT-4抗体行免疫组化ABC染色。观察各生长因子在猴脊髓的表达分布情况。结果NT-4的免疫阳性反应产物在成年猴脊髓腹角神经元、脊髓背角神经元和脊髓中央管(Ⅹ板层)均有分布。结论成年猴脊髓存在多肽生长因子NT-4的表达,提示多肽生长因子在成年猴脊髓的生理过程中发挥作用。     

IGF和EGF在成年猴脊髓的表达

目的探讨多肽生长因子IGF和EGF在成年猴脊髓的表达分布情况,为成年猴脊髓存在IGF和EGF的表达提供可靠的免疫组织化学证据。方法云南成年健康雄性猕猴5只,平均体重6kg左右,氯氨酮(0.25ml/kg)肌肉注射麻醉后,Zamboni液经心脏主动脉插管灌注固定动物,取T8脊髓节段入4%多聚甲醛后固定(4℃)6小时,制作20μm厚的连续冰冻切片,间隔取片后分别以抗IGF和EGF抗体行免疫组化ABC染色。其后在-20℃恒冷切片机下,观察各生长因子在猴脊髓的表达分布情况。结果IGF和EGF的免疫阳性反应产物在成年猴脊髓腹角神经元、背角神经元、脊髓背角Lissauer束和脊髓中央管(Ⅹ板层)均有分布,表达IGF和EGF的Lissauer束因染色而呈明显的毛刷状或发束状。结论成年猴脊髓存在多肽生长因子IGF和EGF的表达,提示IGF和EGF在成年猴脊髓的生理过程中发挥作用,而且这种作用具有复杂性和多面性。     

神经生长因子在成年猴脊髓的表达--免疫组织化学研究

目的探讨神经生长因子(NGF)在成年猴脊髓的表达分布情况,为成年猴脊髓存在此生长因子的表达提供免疫组织化学证据。方法云南成年健康雄性猕猴5只,平均体重6kg左右,氯氨酮(0．25ml／kg)肌肉注射麻醉后,Zamboni液经心脏主动脉插管灌注固定动物,取T8脊髓节段入4％多聚甲醛后固定(4℃)6小时,在-20℃恒冷切片机下制作20μm厚的连续冰冻切片,间隔取片后分别以抗NGF抗体行免疫组化ABC染色。在Olympus光学显微镜下观察NGF在猴脊髓的表达分布情况。结果1．NGF的免疫阳性反应产物在成年猴脊髓腹角、背角神经元均有分布。2．NGF的免疫阳性反应产物在猴脊髓背角Li ssauer束有分布,表达NGF的Li ssauer束因染色而呈明显的毛刷状／发束状。3．NGF阳性神经膨体分布于猴脊髓背角Ⅰ、Ⅱ板层。4．NGF的免疫阳性反应产物在成年猴脊髓中央管(X板层)均有分布。结论成年猴脊髓存在NGF的表达,提示其可能在成年猴脊髓的生理过程中发挥作用。     

Fas在成年猫脊髓分布的免疫组织化学证据

本文用兔抗Ｆａｓ抗体,以免疫组化１材料方法ＡＢＣ法观察Ｆａｓ免疫阳性反应物在成年猫脊髓Ｌ４节段内的分布情况,结果显示：Ｆａｓ免疫阳性反应物主要分布于脊髓灰质腹角神经元内。另外,背角Ⅴ、Ⅵ层亦可见少数Ｆａｓ阳性神经元。阳性反应主要定位于神经元的细胞浆。该结果提示,Ｆａｓ的作用可能涉及神经元的某些生理过程。     

P物质在成年猫脊髓和背根节的分布

目的 观察P物质在成年猫脊髓和背根节的表达情况。方法 成年健康雄猫5只，取L5脊髓节和随机取一侧L6背根节制作厚20μm冰冻切片，用免疫组织化学ABC法染色，观察SP在正常脊髓和背根节的分布。结果 在脊髓，SP阳性膨体主要见于后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ板层，后角Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ板层及侧角的一些神经元呈弱阳性反应，前角运动神经元胞体和突起呈阳性反应，胞核不着色。在背根节，SP的免疫阳性物主要分布于小细胞的胞浆内，胞核不着色。结论 SP在成年猫脊髓和背根节有表达。     

表皮生长因子在成年猴脊髓的表达

目的探讨EGF(epidermal growth factor)在成年猴脊髓的表达。方法EGF特异性抗体的免疫细胞化学染色技术(SP法)。结果EGF免疫阳性物质主要位于神经元胞浆内，前角前内侧核、前角前核和前角前外侧核的大运动神经元以及背核的大神经元具有强免疫阳性信号，中等强度免疫阳性神经元主要分布于前角后内侧核、前角中央核、前角后外侧核和前角后外侧后核、中间内侧核和中央管周围，弱阳性神经元主要位于后角边缘核、胶状质、后角固有核和后角连合核。此外，在脊髓白质中可见部分EGF阳性胶质细胞和纤维。结论EGF免疫阳性反应产物在猴脊髓有广泛的分布，提示其功能可能涉及多种神经元和非神经细胞，为探讨表皮生长因子在猴脊髓分布规律和功能提供了有价值的形态学资料。     

BDNF及其受体TrkB在成年恒河猴脊髓的表达

目的观察脑源性神经营养因子BDNF及其高亲合力受体TrkB在成年恒河猴胸髓的表达分布,为成年恒河猴脊髓BDNF、TrkB的功能研究提供形态学依据。方法灌注固定成年雄性恒河猴,取其胸段脊髓制作冰冻切片,用BDNF、TrkB特异性抗体行免疫组织化学SP法染色,观察BDNF、TrkB免疫阳性物质在胸段脊髓的分布。结果成年恒河猴胸髓内均可见BDNF、TrkB免疫反应阳性神经元,反应产物呈棕黄色颗粒。BDNF和TrkB免疫反应阳性细胞遍及胸髓灰质各板层,在腹角、侧角以及中央管邻近区域均可见阳性神经元,它们的阳性产物主要定位于神经元胞浆中,胞浆着色深,胞浆与胞核的界线清楚。BDNF免疫反应细胞的胞核未见染色,而不同的TrkB阳性细胞其胞核染色不一。结论成年恒河猴胸髓存在BDNF、TrkB的表达,其作用可能与猴脊髓的正常生理功能和损伤后的修复有关。     

脊髓伤对断面上方脊髓及下丘脑生长抑素神经元的影响

用免疫组化光镜、电镜方法,观察脊髓半横断18天后大鼠的脊髓和下丘脑SS神经元的分布状况。主要结果:(1)脊髓损伤侧断面上方的背角I～Ⅲ板层,呈色较淡,其SS阳性反应既弱于健侧,也弱于对照鼠两侧相应区域的反应。(2)下丘脑SS阳性细胞增多,在室周核尤为显著(P<0.05);(3)电镜观察显示:断面上背角SS阳性细胞内阳性颗粒甚少,偶见变性胞体及纤维,室周核SS神经元阳性物则较多,细胞器也较丰富。著者认为:断面上方背角区的变化主要与SS上行传导纤维离断,而其远端SS量减少有关,室周核SS神经元的增多,则可能为代偿性的负反馈之结果。     

蛋白激酶Cγ在成年大鼠延髓和脊髓白质中的分布

目的 观察蛋白激酶Cγ亚型(PKCγ)在成年大鼠延髓和脊髓白质内的分布.方法 免疫组织化学ABC法显示PKCγ免疫阳性物质在延髓和脊髓颈、胸、腰、骶段白质内的表达和分布.结果 PKCγ免疫阳性物质分布于锥体、锥体交叉及脊髓颈、胸、腰、骶段后索腹侧中;延髓和脊髓背角神经元中也有PKCγ免疫阳性物质存在.结论 PKCγ免疫阳性反应产物广泛分布于成年大鼠延髓和脊髓白质内的皮质脊髓束中.PKCγ免疫阳性反应产物在延髓锥体和脊髓后索内的定位与大鼠皮质脊髓束的位置和走行一致,提示其在运动神经传导通路中可能起着重要作用.     

NGF、BDNF及受体trkA、trkB、trkC在正常猴脊髓的表达

采用免疫组织化学方法观察了神经生长因子 (NGF) ,脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF)以及 NGF家族因子受体 trk A、trk B、trk C的免疫阳性反应在正常猴脊髓的分布。结果表明 :NGF免疫反应阳性的神经元在脊髓灰质各层中均有分布 ,灰、白质内也可见较多的 NGF免疫反应阳性的胶质细胞。 BDNF在脊髓各型神经无有明显的表达 ,特别是前角运动神经元。 trk A、trk B、trk C的免疫阳性反应产物主要分布在灰质的神经元及胶质细胞。本实验结果揭示了在正常猴脊髓中神经营养因子 (NGF、BDNF )及受体 trk A、trk B、trk C的表达状况 ,提示这些神经营养因子及受体在维持猴脊髓神经元的正常生理功能中具有重要作用。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.