2011~2013年定西市人民医院住院患者抗菌药物应用分析

目的：全面掌握我院住院患者抗菌药物的使用情况,进一步加强抗菌药物的使用管理,更好地为临床合理用药提供参考。方法分别统计2011~2013年我院住院患者抗菌药物使用率及抗菌药物强度(AUD),并统计联合用药及药敏试验情况,综合分析我院抗菌药物的使用情况。结果2011~2013年我院住院患者抗菌药物使用率为74.18%、63.77%、59.87%,呈下降趋势;2011~2013年我院住院患者AUD为71.09,56.09,47.46;药物联合应用比率为46.24%,33.11%,31.88%;送检率分别为2011年9.31%,2012年22.47%,2013年22.4%。结论我院住院患者抗菌药物的使用存在一定问题,尚需严格规范。     

2010~2012年我院第二类精神药品应用分析

目的分析我院第二类精神药品的应用情况和3年的变化趋势,促进合理用药。方法对2010~2012年我院第二类精神药品的销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）,限定日费用（DDC）,排序比值（RM）进行统计、分析。结果我院第二类精神药品的销售金额和DDDs逐年上升,限定日费用（DDC）呈下降趋势,阿普唑仑、氯硝西泮和艾司唑仑为代表的苯二氮卓类用药频度高。结论我院第二类精神药品使用基本合理,加强管理,避免产生药物依赖性和耐受性。     

我院门诊病人麻醉药品利用调查分析

目的分析我院门诊病人麻醉药品应用现状,为麻醉药品的科学管理和合理应用提供参考。方法对我院2006年2~11月麻醉药品专用帐册、处方为调查对象,对麻醉药品用药品种、规格、数量、用药金额与比例进行统计分析。结果使用麻醉药品4种,吗啡缓释片用量居首位,为97.95%,盐酸哌替啶针用量已明显下降。结论我院麻醉药品的使用基本合理,应进一步提高合理用药水平。     

研究生教育在我院建设中的战略地位

198 5年 ,我院开始招收硕士研究生 ,这对我院的学科建设起着十分重要的作用。本文结合我院 15年来研究生教育的发展 ,分析论述研究生教育在我院建设中的战略地位。1　研究生培养体系的形成 ,使研究生教育成为学院一个独立的培养层次我院为第三批国务院学位委员会批准的硕士学位授予单位。从 1985～ 1995年的十年间 ,可算是我院研究生教育的第一阶段 ,这一阶段已确立了我院的研究生教育模式 ,有明确的培养目标 ,但研究生教育在整个学院的教育体系中处于从属地位。1995年始 ,可算为我院研究生教育的第二阶段 ,是研究生教育的全面发展时期 ,其…     

2009年我院抗菌药物临床应用分析

目的 了解我院2009年药物的应用状况.分析评价其合理性,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 利用我院药库管理信息系统检索2009年抗菌药物的出库数量、金额,应用限定日剂量法分析抗菌药物使用情况.结果 我院抗菌药物应用中,头孢菌素类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合制剂、氟喹诺酮类占据前3名.结论 我院抗菌药物的使用基本合理,但仍有少数品种存在过量使用现象,应进一步规范抗菌药物的应用,使用药更加安全、有效、经济.     

降糖药物的应用调查分析

目的了解我院门诊处方中降糖药的使用情况并作出客观评价。方法采用回顾性的调查方法,查阅2006年1月至2006年12月我院门诊处方,对使用降糖药的处方进行统计分析,从中了解降糖药的应用、联合用药情况及使用的合理性。结果注射用胰岛素用药处方频度为33.44%,口服降糖药以磺酰脲类、α葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、双胍类为主。结论我院降糖药物应用基本合理有效。     

2002～2006年我院住院病人疾病构成分析

我院是一所集医疗、教学、科研为一体的综合性医院,如何在激烈竞争中求生存和发展是当前医院决策者必须认真思考的问题。为了了解我院住院病人疾病构成,进一步加强医疗服务和医院管理工作,有效预防或控制疾病,提高人群健康水平,为医院科室走向、医院改革发展、合理配置医院资源提供科学依据，现对我院2002～2006年住院病人前10位疾病构成进行统计分析。     

住院处方中糖皮质激素应用的调查分析

目的 分析我院住院处方中糖皮质激素类药物的使用情况.方法 随机抽取我院2014年1月～7月住院处方静脉或口服糖皮质激素类药物病历1200例,对药物的使用率、指征、剂量等指标进行统计分析.结果 分析得出我院以治疗呼吸系统疾病和自身免疫性疾病为主,用量最多的为地塞米松注射液,销售金额最大的为注射用甲泼尼龙.结论 通过分析,我院糖皮质激素的用药比较合理,但在临床上要更加科学化、规范化.     

我院2006-2009年抗精神病药使用分析

目的 对我院抗精神病药物的使用数据进行分析,通过了解抗精病药在我院的使用情况,以对我院抗精神病药物的规范化管理提供合理、科学的依据.方法 对我院2006年-2009年使用的抗精神病药物的金额、用药频度及日均费用情况进行汇总和统计分析.结果 从用药金额角度分析,四年期间我院抗精神病药用药额度程上升趋势,其中非典型抗精神病药所占比例程逐年上升的趋势,而典型抗精神病药用药所占比例程下降趋势;舒必利为用药频度最高的药物;利培酮是用药金额最大的药物.结论 4年来我院抗精神药的应用与现代治疗需要的变化基本一致.     

2005～2009年住院患者疾病构成统计分析

医院住院疾病分类是反映一定时期内疾病构成及其变化的重要依据。我院是一所以中医内科为基础,骨伤、康复为重点的综合性中医院,为了更好地了解我院住院患者疾病构成及疾病诊疗的效果,明确今后工作的重点和发展方向,现就我院2005-2009年住院患者前10位疾病构成和年龄分布进行统计分析。1.资料与方法资料来源于我院统计室2005-2009年住院患者疾病分类报表,疾病分     

Hemophilia relief fund

A Federal law, signed by President Clinton, instituted a $750 million fund for people who acquired HIV from contaminated clotting factor. The individual, or a spouse or family member of someone who has passed away, is entitled to a single payment of $100,000. The U.S. joins more than 26 other countries in offering such a program.     

健康素养领域近十年基金论文产出定量分析

目的 了解健康素养领域近十年基金论文产出情况和特点,考察该领域吸纳高级别基金项目的情报能力和学术影响力,探寻其研究热点。方法 基于文献计量学方法和可视化分析工具,从基金论文率、资助基金级别、主题分析、高产出活跃期刊、发文机构等角度对2008~2018年健康素养领域910篇基金论文进行统计分析。结果 近十年来健康素养领域的基金论文产出呈稳定持续增长态势;该领域地方省市级基金论文数位列第一,高等院校级别的基金论文数则以微弱劣势排名第二;基金论文中出现频次Top10主题词有健康素养、影响因素、素养水平、慢性病等热点主题词;该领域高产出活跃期刊有《中国健康教育》、《中国学校卫生》、《健康教育与健康促进》等期刊;该领域已经拥有一批较稳定的核心发文机构,同时发现省级或市级疾控中心成为该领域新增核心发文机构。结论 近十年该领域基金论文率、吸纳高级别基金论文数、高频主题词、高产出活跃期刊、发文机构等均呈良好发展态势。     

A national health program for the United States. A physicians' proposal

Our health care system is failing. Tens of millions of people are uninsured, costs are skyrocketing, and the bureaucracy is expanding. Patchwork reforms succeed only in exchanging old problems for new ones. It is time for basic change in American medicine. We propose a national health program that would (1) fully cover everyone under a single, comprehensive public insurance program; (2) pay hospitals and nursing homes a total (global) annual amount to cover all operating expenses; (3) fund capital costs through separate appropriations; (4) pay for physicians' services and ambulatory services in any of three ways: through fee-for-service payments with a simplified fee schedule and mandatory acceptance of the national health program payment as the total payment for a service or procedure (assignment), through global budgets for hospitals and clinics employing salaried physicians, or on a per capita basis (capitation); (5) be funded, at least initially, from the same sources as at present, but with all payments disbursed from a single pool; and (6) contain costs through savings on billing and bureaucracy, improved health planning, and the ability of the national health program, as the single payer for services, to establish overall spending limits. Through this proposal, we hope to provide a pragmatic framework for public debate of fundamental health-policy reform.     

Influence of training on tissue respiration

Summary The in vitro oxygen consumption of selected tissues from trained and nontrained male albino rats was determined using the Warburg technique. The training program used was an endurance type previously shown capable of producing a trained animal. The results showed no significant difference between trained and nontrained rats in the respiration of skeletal muscle, liver, diaphragm, and spleen tissues. This finding indicates that the enhanced ability of the trained organism to respond to exercise is not brought about by alterations in basal tissue metabolism, and that possible alterations in metabolic pathways or enzyme activities with training should be investigated.This study was supported, in part, by the College of Medicine Research fund.     

A multifaceted program to encourage medical students' research.

Clinician-scientists are important members of a research community that has more opportunities than ever before to solve problems important to patients. Nevertheless, the number of physicians applying for and receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has dropped. Introducing medical students to research and relevant support mechanisms early in their education may help to reverse this trend. In 1995, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine created its Office of Student Research Opportunities (OSRO) to stimulate students to engage in research. It also appointed a new dean to direct the OSRO; the person who filled this new position was a senior faculty member involved in patient-oriented research. The OSRO advises students, identifies faculty who want to mentor students, sponsors the Distinction in Research program, organizes an annual research day, helps fund summer and full-time research, and has created an endowment to support student travel to national meetings. Between 1997 and 2000 the number of students who participated in the research day increased from 18 to 74, and the number of publications by the graduating classes increased from 34 to 58 between 1997 and 1999. Participants have presented both basic and clinical projects. The authors' experience has shown that medical students can be motivated to carry out research with appropriate encouragement from the administration and the faculty, something that may help to reverse a troubling national trend. Based upon these early successes, Mount Sinai is developing a novel five-year program to provide medical students with research training.     

PVO / NGO initiatives,Asia. International Voluntary Services,US and Women's Union of Vietnam

In response to the increasing incidence of HIV transmission among heterosexuals in Viet Nam, two nongovernmental organizations, International Voluntary Services (based in Washington, D.C.) and the Women's Union of Vietnam are working to provide prevention education and outreach. With female prostitutes and their clients the primary targets, efforts are being made to raise overall awareness in the country and to train trainers to carry out prevention activities. Strategies being used include the translation into Vietnamese and country-wide distribution of a book about AIDS, the establishment of a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in a poor district of Ho Chi Minh City, street theater presentations, condom distribution, circulation of a variety of educational material, a peer counseling program, and the establishment of a revolving loan fund to help prostitutes find other ways to support themselves.     

Access to care as a predictor of patients' knowledge of cardiovascular diseases

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a patient's degree of access to healthcare predicts his or her fund of knowledge about cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Trained research associates at a public, urban emergency department in New York City administered cross-sectional surveys to selected patients from June 2005 to January 2007. "Best" access to healthcare was defined by: 1) a regular relationship with one physician and 2) receiving care at a private office or health maintenance organization (HMO). Fund of knowledge was evaluated using previously validated questions. RESULTS: Participants in this study (n=655) represented diverse racial, economic and educational backgrounds. In unadjusted analyses, participants with the best access to care fared significantly better in three tests evaluating fund of knowledge about hypertension (p=0.049), heart attack symptoms (p=0.004) and heart disease mortality (p=0.002). After adjustment for confounding variables such as race, income and educational background, access to care was no longer significantly correlated with respondents' fund of knowledge about hypertension, heart attack or heart disease. CONCLUSION: Patients with different levels of access to care--after controlling for race, education and income--appear to have similar funds of knowledge about cardiovascular diseases. Disparities in knowledge persist across racial and socioeconomic boundaries.     

Needle exchange: why don't the feds get the point?

There is no doubt that needle-exchange programs can reduce the incidence of HIV and other blood-borne diseases, however, the issue remains contentious and controversial in the United States. At least half of all new HIV infections in the United States can be traced to risky injection drug use. Although needle-exchange programs have been endorsed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), there is no strong movement to fund them or to change the laws prohibiting the possession of equipment used for injecting drugs. The Chicago Recovery Alliance (CRA), a Chicago experimental research program that is exempt from existing syringe laws, is highlighted. Robert Maginis, a policy analyst for the Washington, DC-based Family Research Council, states that the psychological reasons that people use drugs also need to be addressed. Congressional opponents say that the needle-exchange programs promote the use of dangerous drugs. Needle-exchange programs contact telephone numbers are provided.     

医学科技论文影响力相关因素分析

目的探讨医学科技论文影响力的相关因素方法采用回归分析方法,研究安医大附院1996-2003年间1146篇科技论文影响力与作者背景、论文来源等因素之间的关系。结果影响因子、是否为基金或成果论文,以及作者是否入选人才培养对象、是否承担课题等9个因素与论文影响力有明显的相关性,其中影响因子、是否为基金或成果论文、论文发表年限和作者学历,不仅与论文是否被引用有关,而且影响着论文被引频次和自引他引倾向。结论论文影响力的提高,不仅需要科研管理部门引导科技人员在高影响因子期刊发表科技论文,更需要从人才培养、学位教育、项目和成果管理等诸方面去努力,只有建立起一支具有良好素质和有所作为的科技队伍作支撑,才能从根本上保证论文水平和论文影响力的稳步提高。     

基于数据仓库技术的医疗保险基金风险管理模型及其实现

自《国务院关于建立城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的决定》（国发[1998]44号）发布以来,全国各地相继建立了以个人账户和统筹基金账户相结合的新的医疗保险制度。截止到2004年底,参加医疗保险个人达到12386万人,收缴医疗保险基金1000亿元,支出800多亿元。要使如此巨大的医疗保险基金充分地发挥社会保险的保障功能,对于基金的风险管理至关重要。本文介绍了采用数据仓库技术建立医疗保险基金风险分析系统的模型和软件的实现方法。并介绍了该系统的具体应用。