泪腺良性多形性腺瘤术后随访观察

目的探讨泪腺良性多形性腺瘤术后易复发和恶性变的原因。方法对４２例泪腺良性多形性腺瘤进行随访，随访时间０．５～１７．０年。结果３４例术后无复发或恶性变；８例复发者中，有７例为多次手术者，均因术中对肿瘤组织切除不完全，导致术后复发。结论认为手术成功的关键在于初次手术时要摘除连同包膜在内的整个瘤体；并避免术前行穿刺或切开活检，以减少复发。     

CT和MRI对泪腺混合瘤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨CT,MRI对泪腺混合瘤的临床应用价值。方法:对术前行CT或MRI检查,术后经病理证实为泪腺混合瘤17例进行分析。结果:术后随访6mo～10a,14例未复发,3例复发(18%),1例为外院术前未行CT或MRI检查。结论:CT,MRI对泪腺混合瘤具有准确的定位、定性诊断价值,对手术入路选择、手术设计及术前准备也有着重要指导意义,对指导初次手术中连同包膜一次性完整切除病变,减少复发率,具有重要意义。     

复发性泪腺区肿瘤25例临床病理分析

目的：探讨复发性泪腺区肿瘤的临床特征和组织病理学类型。方法：回顾性研究。收集2004-01/2014-02在我科确诊的25例复发性泪腺区肿瘤患者的临床和病理资料,对其临床表现、复发情况、组织病理学分型及预后情况进行分析。结果：所选25例患者中21例为初次复发,1例为3次复发,3例为2次复发。最后一次手术到最近一次复发间隔1mo~28a(中位数1a)。复发后在我院手术时的年龄17.5~70(平均47.9)岁。组织病理检查：多形性腺瘤4例,多形性腺瘤恶变2例,腺样囊性癌10例,上皮-肌上皮癌3例,恶性多形性腺瘤3例,腺癌1例,间叶组织肿瘤1例,黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤1例。结论：泪腺区复发性肿瘤种类繁多,以腺样囊性癌最多,其次是多形性腺瘤;恶性肿瘤复发率高;多形性腺瘤初次手术完整的切除,对预防术后复发和恶变至关重要。同时早期及长期的随访,对发现肿瘤复发,也非常重要。     

恶性泪腺混合癌

良性泪腺混合瘤多发于青年,病程长,很少恶性变。如手术摘除不完全很易复发。生长速度突然加快,就有恶性变的可能。恶性泪腺混合瘤占所有泪腺上皮性肿瘤的4%-12%。组织学特点为部分呈良性泪腺混合瘤,他部分恶性变。典型的恶性变为腺癌及囊性腺样癌;个别与鳞癌、皮脂腺癌及肉瘤相似。本文报告诊断困难的2例:一例为73岁白人女性,发现左眼球轻度向鼻下方突出已8年,颞上眶部可扪及一坚硬肿物,CT扫描显示在泪腺处有一界限清楚的卵圆形肿物,有钙化,诊断为     

泪腺肿瘤38例临床分析

目的：分析泪腺肿瘤的临床特点和治疗结果。方法：回顾性研究38例45眼泪腺肿瘤。结果38例45眼中，男17例17眼，女21例28眼；年龄5～63岁，平均40．6岁；其中泪腺癌5眼，腺样囊性癌5眼。恶性泪腺混合瘤5眼，良性泪腺混合瘤14眼，炎性假瘤13眼，慢性泪腺炎2眼，泪腺潴留性囊肿1眼。42眼行前路或侧壁开眶肿瘤摘除术，恶性肿瘤中4眼行眶内容物剜除。恶性肿瘤患者全部于术后1个月接受放疗。术后随访观察3个月～8年。术后症状完全缓解35眼，好转5眼，复发5眼。结论：泪腺肿瘤为眼眶常见肿瘤，结合病史，临床表现和影像学检查。绝大部分可以作出术前定性诊断，良性泪腺混合瘤预后较好，但易复发。恶性泪腺混合瘤及腺样囊性癌复发率、死亡率较高，应联合眶内容物剜除，放疗及化疗。     

泪腺肿瘤50例临床分析

泪腺肿瘤在眶内肿瘤中的发病率目前在国内仅见胡椿枝等报告101例眶内肿瘤中有泪肿肿瘤23例(22.8％)。在我科住院患者中该腺瘤居眶瘤的第二位(血管瘤居首)。一般认为在泪腺肿瘤中以混合瘤为多,Duke—Elder统计约占90％。临床上泪腺混合瘤术后常易复发且被视为具有恶性倾向。近年来我们曾遇到数例复发并有恶变者。现将1973年～1984年收治的51例泪器肿瘤中约50例(其中一例为泪囊粘液癌)做一临床分析结果如下:     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤的外科治疗探讨

目的 探讨泪腺上皮性肿瘤的现代治疗方法。方法 对34例泪腺上皮性肿瘤进行分析。其中20例泪腺良性多形性腺瘤（复发性7例），11例腺样囊性癌（复发性９例），２例恶性多形性腺瘤（复发性2例）和1例黏液表皮癌。结果 前路开眶15例，改良外侧开眶15例，眶内容摘除术2例，内侧开眶1例，术后放射治疗17例（恶性14例，良性3例），随访28例，时间半年至1.5年，良性肿瘤16例均无复发，恶性肿瘤12例中2例复发。结论 泪腺上皮性肿瘤是常见的眶内肿瘤，复发率较高。改良外侧开眶是切除泪腺上皮性肿瘤最好的方法。     

难治性泪腺肿瘤及其外科治疗

泪腺肿瘤是眶内常见的肿瘤,良性肿瘤易复发和恶性变,恶性者复发率及死亡率较高,为了提高泪腺肿瘤的诊治水平,末文选择诊治难度较大的22例,包括多次复发者（7例）,瘤体大,包膜不完整者（7例）及恶性者（15例）,重点探讨术前的定性诊断及手术治疗问题,本组病例的诊治经过表明,通过临床表明及CT的影像学特征能够在术前做出定性诊断,手术是惟一可能根治的手段,外侧眶切开术及显微操作是本病治疗的主要方法。     

眼眶占位性病变36例手术分析

目的探讨眼眶占位性病变的临床诊断，手术治疗及其组织病理学分类。方法对2004年1月～2006年5月手术治疗的36例（36眼）眼眶占位性病变的性别、年龄、眼别及病理检查结果进行分析。结果恶性肿瘤3例，良性病变33例。组织病理学检查：恶性肿瘤3例均为非何杰金氏淋巴瘤；良性者中海绵状血管瘤9例，泪腺多形性腺瘤8例，静脉性血管瘤3例，炎性假瘤3例，囊肿3例，皮脂腺囊肿2例，淋巴管瘤、视神经胶质瘤、神经纤维瘤、骨瘤及颗粒细胞瘤各1例。在泪腺多形性腺瘤中浸润性生长3例，恶变1例。结论眼眶占位性病变种类繁多，良性肿瘤中以海绵状血管瘤多见，可采用前路开眶或外侧壁开眶顺利摘除肿瘤，次为泪腺多形性腺瘤，并且容易因手术切除不彻底或术中肿瘤破碎残留肿瘤细胞而改变生长方式，甚至于恶变。炎性假瘤手术完整切除较难，多要进一步作术后治疗。神经源性肿瘤早期就对视力损伤较大。     

泪腺肿瘤手术与病理（附26例报告）

为探讨泪腺部位占位性病变的病理特性及与临床预后的关系；临床观察26例泪腺肿物的大体及光镜组织学特点，结合临床预后进行分析。结果泪腺多形性瘤13例，假性肿瘤7例，腺样囊性癌2例，恶性混合瘤2例。结论泪腺肿瘤中恶性变者占一定比例，值得重视。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.