DHS内固定与PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的：比较DHS(dynamic hip screw)内固定与PFNA(proximal femoral nail antirotation)内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法采用回顾性方法选取我院2011年8月~2013年10月收治的80例分别采用DHS内固定与PFNA内固定治疗的股骨粗隆间骨折患者,分别将他们分为动力髋螺钉(DHS)组和股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)组,各40例,比较两组的手术时间、总出血量、术中透视时间、下床负重时间、术后并发症及Har is评分。结果两组患者在住院时间没有明显差异,不具有无统计学意义(P>0.05),在手术治疗时间、患者术中的总出血量、Har is评分、患者下床负重时间以及术后并发症方面,股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)组的治疗疗效明显优于动力髋螺钉(DHS)组,两组的治疗疗效差异明显具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DHS和PFNA均是内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法。其中PFNA较DHS具有手术创伤少、术中出血量少、下地负重时间短,不易引起术后并发症的优势。     

不同手术方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折效果及其生物力学研究

目的分析股骨近端锁定钢板(locking proximal femoral plate,LPFP)和股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)内固定术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及生物力学性能。方法 106例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者随机分为LPFP治疗组53例和PFNA治疗组53例,于治疗干预后分别统计两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、负重时间、骨折愈合时间及术后9个月Harris髋关节功能评分,统计两组患者术后并发症的发生率。取新鲜老年股骨标本10具制备老年股骨粗隆间骨折模型,并将其随机分为PFNA组和LPFP组各5具,于治疗干预后采用力学试验机进行轴向压缩实验、破坏载荷实验和扭转刚度实验,记录生物力学性能指标。结果 PFNA组平均手术时间、负重时间及骨折愈合时间均短于LPFP组(P 0.05),平均术中出血量少于LPFP组(P 0.05),平均Harris评分高于LPFP组(P 0.05)。PFNA组、LPFP组术后并发症总发生率分别为7.56%、18.87%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。骨折模型治疗干预后,PFNA组平均轴向压缩、破坏载荷、扭转刚度均高于LPFP组(P 0.05)。结论 PFNA治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折创伤小,其良好的生物力学性能可有效促进骨折愈合和髋关节功能的恢复,并显著减少髋内翻和螺钉松动与切割并发症的发生率。     

防旋股骨近端髓内钉对老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折固定作用研究

目的 探讨防旋股骨近端髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)对骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的固定作用.方法 2009年1月至2010年12月,采用PFNA内固定治疗43例骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者,男14例,女29例;年龄61～89岁,平均72.5岁.按Evans-Jensen分型:Ⅱ型28例,Ⅲ型15例.结果 43例中,均无骨不连及内固定失效等并发症发生根据Harris功能评分:优14例,良21例,可6例,差2例,PFNA优良率81.4％.结论 PFNA治疗骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折疗效好,具有内固定可靠、创伤小、操作简单、骨量丢失少、允许早期功能锻炼等优点,是固定骨质疏松件股骨粗隆间骨折较为理想的髓内固定系统     

髓内及髓外内固定治疗股骨反转子间骨折的生物力学研究

目的 比较亚洲型股骨近端防旋髓内钉、动力髁螺钉、动力髋螺钉固定股骨反转子间骨折后的生物力学性能.方法 测量正常股骨的生物力学性能后,制作18具成人股骨反转子间骨折模型,分别以亚洲型股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNAⅡ）、动力髁螺钉（DCS）、动力髋螺钉（DHS）随机进行固定.利用电阻应变片和位移传感器测量实验数据,制作不同内置物固定后,垂直应力作用下股骨近端位移-压力以及压力-骨折近段角度位移统计表,同时在扭转应力作用下制作扭转角-扭矩统计表.测量3组标本的垂直及扭转刚度并进行统计学比较,对3种不同内固定物在反转子间骨折治疗中的生物力学性能进行比较.结果 垂直载荷作用下,股骨近端下沉位移＜1.0 mm时（垂直应力小于500 N）,PFNAⅡ、DCS两组之间的轴向应力值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.超过生理负荷后两实验组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且PFNAⅡ抗垂直压缩能力强于DCS,但PFNAⅡ应力遮挡较DCS更为明显;DHS抗垂直压力与PFNAⅡ差异有统计学意义.扭转应力作用下,在扭转角度≤4°时,3实验组间差异无统计学意义,当扭转角度加大后,PFNAⅡ抗扭转能力更强.3组不同内置物的刚度比较中,PFNAⅡ的垂直及扭转刚度最强,而DCS与DHS的扭转刚度差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 PFNAⅡ抗垂直及扭转应力的作用强于DCS和DHS.在生理载荷下,PFNAⅡ及DCS均可用于股骨反转子间骨折的治疗,但PFNAⅡ应力遮挡率较高.DHS固定组易导致固定失败,不应用来治疗股骨反转子间骨折.     

三种固定方式治疗老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折的比较

目的对比采用防旋转股骨近端髓内钉(Proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)、动力髋螺钉(Dynamichip screw,DHS)、磷酸钙骨水泥(Calcium phosphates cement,CPC)强化结合DHS三种方法治疗老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法 2008年7月~2010年7月,PFNa手术老年股骨粗隆间不稳定骨折32例(PFNa组);DHS手术37例(DHS组);CPC强化结合DHS手术15例(强化组)。记录手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、髋部疼痛情况,并测量术后及末次随访时偏心距、颈干角。结果强化组的手术时间延长、术中出血量增大。3组间骨折愈合时间无显著差别。末次随访时髋部疼痛VRS评分DHS组最高,DHS组偏心距改变数值大于其余两组,差别有统计学意义。结论对于老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折,PFNa和CPC强化结合DHS内固定均可有效提高内固定的稳定性,PFNa是首选的内固定方式。     

MIIGX3强化动力髋螺钉固定的生物力学研究

目的评价MIIGX3（minimally—invasive injectable graft X3）对动力髋螺钉（DHS）固定骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的强化作用。方法采用配对设计，将10对股骨标本随机分为骨折模型抗扭和抗压2组。在2组制成EvansⅣ型的不稳定粗隆间骨折模型的一侧直接置入DHS内固定为对照组，另一侧注入MIIGX3后再置入DHS内固定为强化组。并分别进行扭转加载试验及轴向压缩试验，比较强化组与对照组的生物力学性能。结果表明强化组在抗扭转和抗压方面均比对照组更具有优势，经统计显示有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论MIIGX3能够加强DHS对骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的固定作用。     

PFNA和DHS治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较PFNA和DHS治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折疗效,探讨内固定选择在老年股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的意义。方法 2004年2~至2009年2月随机分别采用动力髋螺钉﹙DHS﹚和防旋型股骨近端髓内钉﹙PFNA﹚2种内固定方法治疗58例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,PFNA固定28例,DHS固定30例,从手术用时、术中出血量、术中术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间、术后疗效等方面比较。结果 2组患者在平均手术用时、术中出血量、术中术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间等方面差异有统计学意义﹙<0.05﹚,PFNA组优于DHS组;在术后疗效方面2组差异无明显统计学意义﹙>0.05﹚。结论 PFNA较DHS设计更合理,操作微创,固定牢固,是治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的理想方法之一。     

PFNA和DHS治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效比较

目的：探讨比较PFNA和DHS治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折疗效,探讨内固定选择在高龄股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的意义。方法同期选择80例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折患者,DHS固定40例,PFNA固定40例,对比两组病例,并进行统计学处理,观察两者的临床效果。结果两组患者在平均手术用时、术中术后出血量、术中术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间等方面差异有统计学意义(<0.05),PFNA组优于DHS组;在术后髋关节功能恢复方面两组差异无明显统计学意义(>0.05)。结论 PFNA治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折较DHS设计更合理,操作微创,固定牢固,具有创伤小、出血少、负重早等优点,疗效优于DHS。     

股骨粗隆间骨折老年患者行DHS与PFNA固定治疗的效果观察

目的观察老年患者行DHS(动力髋骨螺钉)与PFNA(股骨近端防旋髓内钉)固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的效果。方法资料回顾性分析2012年10月~2013年10月本院诊治的股骨粗隆间骨折老年患者98例,按手术类型分为两组;49例对照组患者行DHS术治疗,49例研究组患者行PFNA术治疗,观察两组患者治疗效果及不良反应情况。结果研究组患者围手术期手术用时、愈合用时平均值短于对照组,出血量、术后并发症发生率低于对照组,比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PFNA固定治疗效果优于DHS,具有临床应用推广价值。     

DHS和PFNA治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的比较分析动力髋螺钉(Dynamic Hip Screw,DHS)和防旋股骨近端髓内钉(Proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法 68例老年股骨转子间骨折患者按治疗方法分为两组将,每组各34例。采用DHS内固定为DHS组,采用PFNA内固定为PFNA组。对比分析两组患者性别、年龄、手术时间、术中失血量、隐性失血量、卧床时间、负重活动时间、住院时间、并发症发生率、术后骨折愈合时间、术后髋关节功能评分等。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、骨折类型方面比较差异均无统计学意义。经过平均16个月随访,DHS组有5例内固定失败,PFNA组有3例不愈合或延迟愈合。PFNA组较DHS组在手术时间,术中出血,骨折愈合时间,术后并发症发生率,术后髋关节Harris评分方面有优势,但术后隐性失血多(0.05)。两组术后卧床时间、负重活动时间、住院时间、总失血量比较差异无统计学意义。结论采用DHS和PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折都可以获得良好效果。PFNA较DHS创伤小、术后并发症少、术后髋关节功能恢复好,适用于各种类型尤其是不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折或严重骨质疏松患者。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Functional role of fertility α2

Fertility α₂-microglobulin is one of the main proteins expressed between the late lutein phase of the menstrual cycle and the first gestation trimester. It is produced by endometrial secretory glandular epithelium and decidual membrane. It is believed to be involved in the preparation to gestation, conception, normal development of the fetoplacental system, and initiation of labor. The immunomodulating, effect of fertility α₂-microglobulin and its possible involvement in the regulation of fertilization by blocking the spermatozoon reaction with the ovocyte lucid membrane were demonstratedin vitro. The data of structural analysis (appurtenance to lipocalines and unique pattern of N-glycosylation) and analysis of the spatial and temporal parameters of the expression in connection with other events in the organism within the same system of coordinates propated us to investigate the probability of realization of other, so far unknown functions of α₂-microglobulin. The probable mechanisms of realization of the immunomodulating function are analyzed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 364–373, October 1998