术后复发性肝癌的介入治疗疗效分析

目的分析肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗术后复发性肝细胞肝癌的生存率及影响因素。方法对行TACE治疗的130例术后复发性肝细胞肝癌患者进行回顾性分析,计算此类患者治疗后的生存率及生存时间,分析影响其生存的相关因素。结果全组130例总的1,3,5年生存率为83.0%、45.5%和17.6%,中位生存时间2.4年。单纯TACE治疗94例,其1,3年生存率分别为76.4%和37.1%,中位生存期2.1年;TACE联合瘤内无水酒精注射(PEI)治疗36例,1,3年生存率分别为100.0%和66.5%,中位生存期为3.5年。TACE联合PEI治疗组的生存率和生存期均显著优于单纯TACE治疗组(P<0.05),死亡风险显著低于单纯TACE治疗组(P<0.05);复发瘤直径>5cm和有远处转移者的死亡风险,显著高于肿瘤直径≤5cm和无远处转移者(P<0.05)。结论TACE联合PEI治疗,可显著提高术后复发性肝癌患者的生存率,延长生存期。     

射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的探讨射频消融术(RFA)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法采用随机数表法将64例原发性肝癌(肿瘤直径为3~5cm)患者分为两组,每组32例,对照组患者行单纯RFA治疗,观察组患者给予RFA联合TACE治疗,比较两组患者治疗后甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平和卡氏评分,并比较两组患者无瘤生存率。结果两组患者治疗后AFP均明显降低,卡氏评分明显提高,且观察组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者随访期间,2年及3年无瘤生存率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RFA联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌(肿瘤直径3~5 cm)与单纯RFA比较,可进一步提高临床疗效并改善患者的预后。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮射频消融术（RFA）治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮射频消融术(RFA)治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效及安全性并分析影响预后因素。方法将中晚期原发性肝癌患者128例分为肝动脉化疗栓塞组(TACE组)与肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮射频消融术(RFA)组(TACE+RFA组),各64例。TACE组患者行一次或多次单一肝动脉化疗治疗;TACE+RFA组在肝动脉化疗治疗结束后1~2周再行经皮射频消融术治疗。结果 TACE组与TACE+RFA组总有效率分别为68.75%(44/64)、95.31%(61/64);中位生存时间分别为13与18个月;TACE+RFA组1年生存率为73.4%(47/64),2年生存率为20.3%(13/64),而TACE组分别为56.25%(36/64)和7.81%(5/64);预后影响因素分析结果显示肿瘤数量、分期、直径、血清甲胎蛋白水平等与患者预后有相关性。结论经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮射频消融术(RFA)治疗原发性中晚期肝癌可以有效提高患者生存率,延长患者的生存期,其肿瘤数量、分期、直径等4项指标是影响患者预后的危险因素。     

大肝癌患者行 TACE 序贯射频消融的疗效及复发因素

目的：探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合序贯射频消融术（RFA）治疗大肝癌患者的疗效及复发因素。方法：选取我院2013年1月－2015年1月肿瘤外科中晚期原发性大肝癌患者110例并分为肝动脉化疗栓塞组（TACE 组）与肝动脉化疗栓塞联合序贯经皮射频消融术组（TACE ＋RFA 组）各55例,TACE 组患者行一次或多次单一肝动脉化疗治疗;TACE ＋RFA 组在肝动脉化疗治疗结束后1～2周再行序贯经皮射频消融术治疗。结果：TACE 组与 TACE ＋RFA 组总有效率分别为63．64％（35／55）、94．54％（52／55）。TACE ＋RFA 组1年生存率为72．7％（40／55）,2年生存率为20．0％（11／55）,而 TACE 组分别为56．36％（31／55）、7．27％（4／55）。Log －rank 检验结果显示肿瘤数量、分期、血清甲胎蛋白水平等为大肝癌患者预后的因素,与患者预后有一定关系。结论：经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮射频消融术（RFA）治疗原发性中晚期大肝癌可以有效提高患者生存率,延长患者的生存期。肿瘤数量、直径、分期等是影响患者复发的危险因素。     

肝动脉栓塞联合射频消融术治疗对原发性肝癌患者血清肿瘤标志物及术后生存的影响

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨肝动脉栓塞（TACE）后运用射频消融术（RFA）治疗对原发性肝癌患者血清标志物及患者术后生存的影响。［方法］ 117例原发性肝癌患者随机分为观察组61例、对照组56例,对照组患者采取单纯TACE治疗方案,观察组患者采取TACE后RFA治疗方案,比较两组患者近期临床疗效、治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物变化以及患者生存情况。［结果］ 观察组患者近期疗效有效率为95.02%,对照组为87.50%,两组近期有效率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.287,P=0.307）。治疗后两组患者血清EC、VEGF、AFP及CA199水平均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,且观察组患者血清EC、VEGF、AFP及CA199水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者总体生存情况显著优于对照组（χ2=6.077,P=0.014）。［结论］ TACE后运用RFA治疗原发性肝癌具有着良好的近期疗效,够助于患者血清肿瘤标志物趋于正常水平,并可提高患者治疗后总体生存时间。     

TACE联合RFA对原发性肝癌患者的近期及远期疗效观察

目的 探讨经肝动脉插管栓塞化疗术(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌的近期临床效果及远期预后.方法 选取85例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方法的不同将患者分为TACE组40例、联合组(TACE+RFA)45例,对比两组患者的临床疗效及预后.结果 治疗后,联合组患者的近期疗效总有效率为71.11％,高于TACE组的50.00％(P﹤0.05);治疗后,联合组患者的血清AFP水平明显低于TACE组(P﹤0.01),两组的KPS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);随访3年,联合组失访2例,TACE组失访3例,联合组患者的3年生存率为28.89％(13/45),TACE组患者的3年生存率为15.00％(6/40),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),联合组的中位生存时间为25个月,长于TACE组的19个月(P﹤0.05);两组患者并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 TACE联合RFA治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果优于单用TACE治疗.     

射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的生命质量对比评价

背景与目的以往对原发性肝癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)各种治疗疗效的评价主要从治愈率、生存率和生存时间方面进行,近年来生命质量(qualityoflife,QOL)研究倍受关注,能较全面地反映肝癌患者体能恢复状况和切身感受而被广泛应用于癌症、慢性病的疗效评价。目前对于经皮射频消融(radiofrequencyablation,RFA)、经动脉插管栓塞化疗(transcatheterhepaticarterialchemo-embolization,TACE)治疗意义的评价大多关注局部肿瘤灭活率及患者生存率,而对治疗后患者生命质量的研究尚不多见。本研究从患者整体角度对比评估原发性肝癌经皮射频消融治疗后患者的生命质量。方法采用国内肝癌特异性生命质量量表(QOL-LCV2.0),对80例HCC经RFA治疗后QOL进行评定;并与同期40例经动脉插管栓塞化疗(TACE组)以及TACE RFA(联合组)40例分别进行比较。3组患者在年龄、性别、临床分期等方面分布均衡,无明显差异。结果RFA组的QOL总分中位数(168.6)高于TACE组(146.8),差异有显著性(P=0.025);RFA组和联合组在症状/副作用领域的得分中位数45.5、46.0,分别优于单纯TACE组38.1(P<0.01);RFA组躯体功能领域得分呈略高于TACE组的趋势。患者的年龄、收入、治疗后Child-Pugh分级、治疗后新生/复发率、并发症等方面与患者生命质量相关。TACE组和联合组于治疗后Child-Pugh分级提高的比例分别高于RFA组;TACE组新生/复发的比例明显高于RFA组。RFA组的1年、2年和3年生存率(92.8%、89.3%和76.5%)与联合治疗组(94.1%、87.4%、60.0%)比较无统计学差异,但高于TACE组(74.3%、48.2%、48.2%)。结论RFA治疗肝癌,多数患者可获得较好的疗效,严重的副作用少。TACE与RFA联合治疗与单纯TACE相比,可减少患者肝功能损伤,有利于提高原发性肝癌患者的生命质量。     

TACE联合瘤内注药治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

目的评价瘤内注射碘化油混悬液和无水乙醇联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法 61例中晚期肝癌随机分为联合介入组(实验组)与TACE组(对照组),组间比例是1∶1,实验组采取瘤内注射碘化油混悬液和无水乙醇联合TACE术,对照组则单纯采取TACE术,比较两组之间的总有效率,无进展生存期,总生存率和不良反应。结果实验组的总有效率明显优于对照组(64.5%vs 40.0%,P=0.049);治疗和对照组中位无进展生存期(PFS)分别为10月和7月(χ2=4.821,P=0.028),中位生存时间(MST)分别为17月和14月(P=0.061)。两组均未出现严重的不良反应。结论瘤内注射碘化油混悬液和无水乙醇联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗可增加肿瘤有效率,延缓肿瘤进展时间,不良反应可耐受。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合射频消融（RFA）治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法62例具有介入治疗指征的中晚期肝癌患者随机均分为2组,对照组31例单独行TACE治疗,观察组31例行TACE联合RFA治疗。比较观察2组的临床疗效及AFP水平。结果观察组总有效率为87．1％,高于对照组的51．6％（P〈0．05）。观察组术后AFP水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。随访24个月各时期的生存率观察组均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期肝癌安全、可靠,可提高患者生存率,延长患者生存时间,疗效优于单独应用TACE。     

肝癌术后复发患者96例临床分析

目的探讨如何选择肝癌术后复发患者的治疗方式。方法回顾性分析2007年4月至2012年3月间在我院进行肝癌切除手术后发现复发并接受治疗的96例患者的临床资料。患者分为二次手术组、射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)组和肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)组,分析治疗方式与临床特征间的关系及对生存的影响。结果各组肝癌术后复发患者的各项临床资料基本无差异,只有肿瘤直径,术中出血量和切缘有显著性差异。但二次手术组患者的无病生存时间和复发后生存时间及总生存时间均高于RFA组和TACE组。结论手术切除在治疗肝癌复发时依然是最佳选择。无法进行二次手术的患者,采取RFA和TACE治疗,复发后生存时间无差异。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil

Pseudomembranous colitis is frequently associated with antibiotics and more rarely with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to confuse this infection with chemotherapy associated toxicity. We present a 54 year old woman who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer and in the first cycle of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed pseudomembranous colitis. We detected the toxin B of Clostridium difficile in stools and we began early antibiotic treatment. Thus, in patients with post chemotherapy neutropenia and diarrhoea that develop negatively, we have to rule out this infection.