哨兵动物口蹄疫抗体及病原学检测报告

2013年哨兵动物口蹄疫抗体及病原学检测结果表明,哨兵动物群体中不存在口蹄疫病畜或健康带毒畜,但是群体口蹄疫免疫抗体水平不高,需要强化免疫。     

新疆乌鲁木齐县牛、羊O型、A型口蹄疫 抗体水平监测与分析

为掌握新疆乌鲁木齐县牛、羊口蹄疫疫苗的免疫情况,对全县2018年口蹄疫免疫抗体水平进行检测,为后期的重大动物疫病防控工作提供参考依据,杜绝疫情隐患。采用液相阻断ELISA的方法检测口蹄疫抗体水平并通过统计学的方法进行数据整理与分析。对2018年乌鲁木齐县牛、羊O型和A型口蹄疫免疫抗体进行了检测,结果表明:牛群中O型和A型口蹄疫抗体免疫合格率为98.1%,羊群中O型和A型口蹄疫抗体免疫合格率为95.8%,均达到了我国农业部要求家畜口蹄疫群体免疫合格率≥70%的标准。乌鲁木齐县牛、羊口蹄疫免疫整体效果良好,但个别乡镇需要加强补免工作,只有做到应免尽免,才能够有效抵制口蹄疫疫情的侵袭。     

新疆阿勒泰地区牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行特点分析

目的:牛羊布鲁氏菌病在西北地区较为常发,尤其是在新疆地区具有区域性流行的特点,了解掌握其流行特点和流行规律对于党委政府制定综合防控措施具有重要意义。方法:本文对2011—2019年以来新疆阿勒泰地区牛羊布鲁氏菌病疫情检测数据进行了收集整理,系统分析了造成牛羊布鲁氏菌病疫情严重的原因。结果:数据显示,2011—2019年新疆阿勒泰地区牛羊布鲁氏菌病疫情特点整体呈高发态势。其中,牛布鲁氏菌病血清检测阳性率平均为1.47%、2.56%、2.73%、3.11%、4.12%、2.18%、2.79%、2.05%、1.80%,羊布鲁氏菌病血清检测阳性率平均为0.12%、0.61%、0.62%、1.02%、3.45%、1.91%、0.90%、0.94%、0.93%。从数据分析得出,牛羊布鲁氏菌病在2011—2015年均呈现逐年增长趋势,2015年牛布鲁氏菌病阳性率约为2011年的3倍,2015年羊布鲁氏菌病阳性率约是2011年的29倍,2016年开始牛羊布鲁氏菌病均有所下降,牛布鲁氏菌病阳性率普遍高于羊布鲁氏菌病,利用SPSS 25.0软件分析得出,不同年份、不同地域对牛羊布鲁氏菌病差异性不显著(P>0.05)。结论:结果表明,在以往的牛羊养殖中,新疆阿勒泰地区的牛羊布鲁氏菌病发病率较为稳定,但综合分析这9年的数据发现,其发病率呈现快速上升又缓慢下降的趋势。这主要是因为近几年阿勒泰地区农区畜牧业发展速度较快,从疆内外引进品种牛羊比较频繁。引进的牛羊在运输过程中保护措施不全面和牛羊在输入之前早已患病是导致牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行的重要因素之一。     

2016-2021年新疆青河县牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

随着养殖方式的转变,引进外来带病牛羊造成布鲁氏菌病传播的风险也随之增大,通过监测发病情况来发现问题,为制定相关防范措施提供依据,降低风险。采用平板凝集试验（RBT）初筛,试管凝集试验（SAT）进行复测的方法,以青河县8个乡镇和1个种羊场作为调查单位,对2016-2021年采集的牛羊血清进行布鲁氏菌病监测。6年时间共计检测牛血清10 733头份,阳性282头份,阳性率为2.63%,呈逐年下降趋势,与RBT初筛结果阳性符合率为92.16%(282/306);检测羊血清49 671头份,阳性100头份,阳性率为0.20%,与RBT初筛结果阳性符合率为84.75%(100/118)。结果显示,不同区域、不同年龄段牛羊布鲁氏菌病检测阳性率不同。青河县近6年牛布鲁氏菌病流行率比较高,提示应加强防控。羊布鲁氏菌病流行率较低,在可控制范围内,总体防控效果较好,但仍存在疫情流行风险。     

浅谈布鲁氏菌病的流行现状与预防

布鲁氏菌病是一种主要侵害牛羊生殖器官和关节,引起母畜流产和公畜睾丸炎以及引起人的发热、关节肿痛和流产细菌性慢性传染病,也是一种国际上公认的重要的人畜共患传染病,对我国牛羊畜牧业的持续健康发展和人民身体健康构成了严重威胁。本文从布鲁氏菌病的病原、流行病学特点、人和家畜感染后表现的临床症状、诊断技术及目前的流行情况进行了阐述,并对当前疫病流行特点与扩散的原因及隐患进行了分析,旨在提出适合我国实际条件下可行的布鲁氏菌病的综合预防防治措施,为牛羊养殖业的健康持续发展和人民身体健康提供防控指导。     

畜间布病防控措施的探讨

布病(布鲁氏菌病的简称)是在人和多数动物间传播的一种人畜共患慢性传染病,主要侵害动物的生殖系统和关节部位,导致动物发生生殖系统疾病和关节肿胀病变,母畜发生流产、种公畜发生睾丸肿胀坏死等繁殖障碍,对畜牧业生产、农牧民身体健康和社会稳定都构成严重影响.针对目前畜间布病的流行现状,讨论提出了“检疫净化、免疫防疫、差别化防控措施、免牛检羊、小步快跑(片区化逐步净化)”等多种防控措施,只要政府重视、财政投入、宣传到位、加强个人防护与消毒、强化监测与监管、相关部门的相互配合、建设好专业队伍、兵团和地方配合联动,全社会共同参与,坚决消灭传染源、有效切断传播途径,人畜间的布病一定能得到有效防控.     

动物布鲁氏菌病5种血清学检测方法的应用比较和分析评价

[目的]探讨当前动物布鲁氏菌病实验室快捷准确的诊断方法。[方法]对137份布鲁氏菌病虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)阳性血清分别用试管凝集试验(SAT)、补体结合试验(CFT)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光偏振试验(FPA)等5种不同的血清学检测方法进行检测,分析、评价不同检测方法的特异性、敏感性、假阳性率(误诊率)、假阴性率(漏诊率)、符合率、Kappa值等试验指标。[结果] I-ELSIA、CELISA、FPA敏感性高、特异性好、漏诊率低、符合率高、Kappa值均较理想,CFT特异性好、敏感性低、漏诊率高、符合率差、kappa值小于0.75。[结论]对于动物布鲁氏菌病实验室诊断,要结合实情选择检测方法,伴随目前检测技术的进步和发展,ELSIA和FPA方法值得应用推广,将对防控动物布鲁氏菌病意义重大。     

牛奶中布鲁氏菌检测技术研究进展

布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)是一种由布鲁氏菌属细菌感染引起的人畜共患病,危害较大,被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列为B类动物疫病,被我国列为乙类传染病和二类动物疫病。布病造成巨大损失,对人类的生命健康和畜牧业的健康发展均存在严重威胁,患布病的母畜在患病期间和流产后的很长时间内依然可以通过乳汁排菌。牛奶自古以来被人类认定是“最接近完美的食物”,为人类特别是婴幼儿提供必需的膳食营养素,“民以食为天,食以安为先”,因此牛奶的质量与安全尤为重要。本文概述了布病流行现状及危害,从病原学、血清学、分子生物学方面综述了牛奶中布鲁氏菌检测技术,从而提出在实际应用中,积极探索建立快速、简便、敏感、特异性强、生物安全水平高的牛奶中布鲁氏菌的检测方法,综合对比各种检测方法优缺点,科学组合方法实现布病防控目的。同时积极探索建立一种可同时检测牛奶中布鲁氏菌和结核杆菌的特异、敏感、简便且不进行增菌的多重PCR方法,对于从源头上确保牛奶的质量安全,系统化控制牛奶污染引发的人畜共患病以及溯源患病奶牛场(户)消除布鲁氏菌和结核杆菌风险因子具有重要意义。     

西宁地区库存血HCV RNA、HIV RNA核酸扩增技术(NAT)的检测与分析

目的:调查库存血感染HCV、HIV的危险度,正确评估西宁地区目前酶免抗体筛检方法的血液安全性.方法:使用ProcleixTM TMAHIV-1/HCV检测方法对10 086份库存血进行检测.结果:发现3份NAT检测HCV RNA和EIISA检测抗-HCV均阳性的标本,未发现NAT检测阳性,但EIA检测抗-HCV、抗-HIV阴性的标本.未发现血清抗体转换窗口期标本.结论:西宁地区目前HCV、HIV的感染危险度小于1:10 000,说明本地区目前血液检测质量是可信的,临床使用血液是相对安全的.     

免疫胶体金试剂检测布鲁菌苗接种牛血清结果分析

目的：评价实验室研制的布鲁菌病抗体快速检测试剂（胶体金法）能否鉴别布鲁菌自然感染和免疫接种所产生的抗体。方法用胶体金试剂对272份接种S2和A19布鲁菌苗的牛血清进行检测,并以虎红平板凝集试验作为对照。结果与结论结果显示,两种方法一致率100％。布鲁菌病抗体快速检测试剂（胶体金法）不被疫苗免疫抗体干扰,可用于布鲁菌感染诊断。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

糖尿病鼠血清及睾丸中一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合酶活性的变化

目的研究1型糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的动态变化。方法63只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(C)和糖尿病组(D)，采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射复制糖尿病动物模型。糖尿病组分别于观察1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8周后断头处死动物，取血收集血清，取睾丸制备组织匀浆，分别测定NO含量和NOS活性。结果与对照组比较，糖尿病组血清NO含量升高，NOS活性先升后降；睾丸组织在诱模后NO含量下降，而NOS活性变化不明显，随后两者均呈升高趋势。结论糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸NO含量和NOS和活性均有改变。     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, hydrolysed Tc and pertechnetate in solutions from a comercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rat receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, 'hydrolysed Tc' and pertechnetate in solutions from a commercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rats receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

Thyroid stunning in vivo and in vitro

AIM: To review published in-vivo and in-vitro quantitative dosimetric studies on thyroid stunning in order to derive novel data applicable in clinical practice. METHODS: A non-linear regression analysis was applied to describe the extent of thyroid stunning in thyroid remnants, as a function of the radiation absorbed dose of diagnostic radioiodine-131 (I), in thyroid cancer patients investigated in four in-vivo studies. The regression curves were fitted using individual patient absorbed doses or the mean absorbed doses for the groups of patients. Fitted curves were compared with two recent models, the first found in patients with benign thyroid disease and the second found in cultured thyroid cells after I irradiation. RESULTS: The extrapolated absorbed doses for the onset of thyroid stunning were 0 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vitro, and < or =4 Gy and 34 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vivo (malignant and benign conditions, respectively). Thyroid stunning amounted to roughly 50% in the case of 2 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vitro, and in the case of < or =30 Gy and 472 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vivo (malignant and benign conditions, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is no scintigraphically sufficient diagnostic amount of I that can be given prior to I therapy for thyroid cancer that does not cause thyroid stunning, i.e. it is not recommended to deliver pre-therapeutically more than a few gray (<5 Gy) into thyroid remnants. More investigations are required to confirm the proposed in-vitro and benign in-vivo models, but characteristic absorbed doses presented so far for in-vitro vs. in-vivo malignant vs. in-vivo benign thyroid environments differ roughly by an order of magnitude.     

Icariin protects against radiation-induced mortality and damage in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of icariin both in vivo and in vitro, an active flavonoid glucoside derived from medicinal herb Epimedium, and its possible mechanisms against radiation-induced injury.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to lethal dose (7?Gy) or sub-lethal dose (4?Gy) of whole body radiation by X-ray at a dose rate of ～0.55?Gy/min, and icariin was given three times at 24?h and 30?min before and 24?h after the irradiation. After irradiation, hematological, biochemical, and histological evaluations were performed. We further determined the effect of icariin on radiation-induced cytotoxicity and changes in apoptosis-related protein expression.

Results: Icariin enhanced the 30-day survival rates (20 and 40?mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner, and protected the radiosensitive organs such as intestine and testis from the radiation damages. Moreover, hematopoietic damage by radiation was significantly decreased in icariin-treated mice as demonstrated by the increases in number of peripheral blood cells, bone marrow cells (1.7-fold), and spleen colony forming units (1.7-fold). In addition, icariin decreased the radiation-induced oxidative stress by modulating endogenous antioxidant levels. Subsequent in vitro studies showed that icariin effectively increased cell viability (1.4-fold) and suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins after irradiation.

Conclusion: These results suggest that icariin has significant protective effects against radiation-induced damages partly through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.     

Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation in midportion and insertional tendinopathy in athletes

BACKGROUND: Neovascularisation can be detected qualitatively by Power Doppler in Achilles tendinopathy. Quantitative data regarding tendon microcirculation have not been established and may be substantial. PURPOSE: To assess the microcirculation of the Achilles tendon and the paratendon in healthy volunteers as well as in athletes with either midportion or insertional tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: In 66 physically active volunteers, parameters of Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation, such as tissue oxygen saturation, relative postcapillary venous filling pressures, and microcirculatory blood flow, were determined at rest at 2-mm and 8-mm tissue depths. Forty-one patients never had Achilles pain (25 men, 27 +/- 8 years), 14 patients had insertional pain (7 men, 29 +/- 8 years), and 11 patients had midportion tendinopathy (7 men, 38 +/- 13 years, not significant). RESULTS: Achilles tendon diameter 2 cm and 6 cm proximal to the insertion was increased in symptomatic tendons. Compared with the uninvolved opposite tendon, deep microcirculatory blood flow was significantly elevated at insertional (160 +/- 79 vs 132 +/- 42, P < .05) as well as in midportion tendinopathy (150 +/- 74 vs 119 +/- 34, P < .05). The microcirculation in the uninvolved opposite tendon and the normal athlete controls were not significantly different from each other (132 +/- 42 insertional asymptomatic vs 119 +/- 34 mid-portion vs 120 +/- 48 healthy tendon). Insertional paratendon deep microcirculatory flow was elevated in all groups, whereas tissue oxygen saturation and relative postcapillary venous filling pressures were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Microcirculatory blood flow is significantly elevated at the point of pain in insertional and midportion tendinopathy. Postcapillary venous filling pressures are increased at both the midportion Achilles tendon and the midportion paratendon, whereas tissue oxygen saturation is not different among the studied groups. We found no evidence of an abnormal microcirculation of the asymptomatic limb in Achilles tendinopathy.     

西宁地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病与肾功能损害探讨

目的：探讨高海拔地区新生儿HIE与肾功能损害的关系。方法：对116例HIE足月儿和88例足月儿正常新生儿做血尿素氮（Bun）及肌酐（Cr）检测,并进行分析观察。结果：116例HIE患儿血BuN〉7．14mmol／L96例,血肌酐〉88．4mmol／L91例。HIE组血Bun、Cr显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,中度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于轻度HIE组（P〈0．05）,重度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于中度HIE（P〈0.05）。结论：新生儿窒息缺氧会导致脑损伤和肾功能损害,血Bun、Cr可做为判断肾功能受损指标,而且窒息程度越重,肾功能损害越严重。     

Race and sex similarities in exercise-induced changes in blood lipids and fatness

PURPOSE: This study explores sex and race differences in the association between changes in fat mass (FM), abdominal visceral fat (AVF), and abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) on blood lipid changes consequent to aerobic exercise training. METHODS: The sample included 613 participants (428 white and 185 black, 46% men) from the HERITAGE Family Study. Total FM was determined by densitometry, whereas AVF and ASF cross-sectional areas were determined by computed tomography at the L4-L5 level. Blood lipid measurements included total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and the TC/HDL-C ratio, which were obtained before and after 20 wk of supervised aerobic exercise. Canonical correlation was used to determine the multivariate associations between body fatness and blood lipids at baseline and the changes induced by exercise training. RESULTS: Body fat accounted for 26-36% of the variance in baseline blood lipids, and changes in body fat accounted for 7-21% of the variance in changes in blood lipids with exercise training. The pattern of loadings indicated similar relationships between body fatness and blood lipids at baseline, and their respective changes with exercise training among the four sex-by-race groups. Greater fat loss, characterized by loss of FM, AVF, and ASF, was associated with a greater blood lipid response characterized by an increase in HDL-C and decreases in LDL-C, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-C. Although the pattern of loadings was similar in all groups, the strength of the association was stronger in blacks than in whites. CONCLUSION: The multivariate associations among fat loss and changes in blood lipids consequent to aerobic exercise training are similar in black and white men and women.