主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

报告３７例主动脉窦瘤破裂手术治疗结果。着重介绍手术方法，主张采用主动脉根部和窦瘤破入心腔的双切口，切除、修补窦瘤的同时矫正合并畸形。伴主动脉瓣膜垂致中度关闭不全者，主张行主动脉瓣替换术。术后早期死亡１例，余３５例随访６个月－１４年，心功能恢复良好。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗(附9例报告)

主动脉窦瘤破裂约占先天性心脏病的2％,其引起的大量左向右分流,易导致充血性心衰,甚至死亡。我院自1995－08～1998－10共手术修补主动脉窦瘤破裂9例,现报告如下。 1　临床资料 　　本组男6例,女3例;年龄18～44岁,平均29岁。突然起病5例,发病时间难以确定者4例,其中2例伴严重心功能不全。本组均于胸前区闻及连续性或双期性杂音,脉压差大于8 kPa(60 mmHg)者4例,心电图示左室肥厚6例,右室肥厚1例,双室肥厚2例。X线胸片均示肺血增多,心胸比率0.56～0.75。心功能按NYHA分级,Ⅰ级者2例, Ⅱ级者5例,Ⅲ级者1例 ,Ⅳ级者1例,7例经彩色超声心动图检查确诊,2例经升 主动脉造影确诊。7例示主动脉向右房分流,2例示主动脉向右室分流,彩色多普勒提示主动 脉向右室分流的2例合并室缺,本组病例无合并主动脉瓣关闭不全。均在体外循环下行 窦瘤破裂修补术,7例经右房入路,2例经右室流出道入路。术中见病变起源于右窦者4例, 无冠窦者5例,窦瘤破入右房7例,右室2例,合并室缺2例,均属干下型,0.8,1.0 cm缺损 各一。瘤体长约0.5～2.5 cm,合并室缺者瘤体较短,约0.5～0.7 cm,瘤体破入右房者较长 ,约1.0～2.5 cm。距瘤体基底部3～4 mm剪除瘤体。窦壁缺损0.6～1.5 cm,呈裂隙形2例, 类圆形7例,裂隙形者与主动脉瓣环方向平行,破入右房,于基底部以间断双侧垫片褥式缝 合,圆形缺损破入右房者5例以补片修补,边缘采用间断水平褥式缝合。合并干下室缺2例采 用右室流出道切口,窦壁缺损及瘤体较小,与室缺间无肌性组织,采用补片修补室缺与窦壁 缺损一次缝合。术毕开放升主动脉,心脏复跳后,仔细检查窦壁缺损及室缺无残余漏后,缝 合右房或右室切口。     

动脉干下型室间隔缺损的临床特点及外科治疗

目的:探讨动脉干下型室间隔缺损(SAVSD)的特点及外科处理方法.方法:回顾分析我院手术治疗SAVSD 219例的临床资料,其中合并主动脉瓣脱垂(AVP)128例,主动脉瓣关闭不全(AI)83例.均以补片修补缺损,同时主动脉瓣成形17例,瓣膜置换(AVR)10例.结果:手术死亡率0.5%(1/219),术后低心排综合征3.7%(8/219),残余分流1.4%(3/219).结论:SAVSD易并发主动脉瓣损害或肺动脉高压,应及早手术修补.若已出现AI,需根据其程度采取相应的手术方法矫正瓣膜关闭不全.     

先天性室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣下狭窄10例的外科治疗

目的　总结先天性室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣下狭窄手术治疗经验。方法　对 1995年 12月— 2 0 0 0年 12月收治的先天性室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣下狭窄 10例 ( 7例为瓣下膜性狭窄 ,3例瓣下肌性圆锥致瓣下狭窄 ) ,根据不同类型狭窄选择不同手术方式 ,在彻底矫治主动脉瓣下狭窄的同时修补好室间隔缺损。结果　该方法提高了手术效果 ,无手术中晚期死亡。所有患者术后复查心脏彩色超声显示 :室缺修补完善 ,主动脉瓣下血流通畅 ,左心室与主动脉峰值压差 <2 0mmHg ,主动脉峰值流速 1.2～ 2 .4/(min·s)。结论　先天性室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣下狭窄导致的左心室负荷加重 ,左心室高电压均应该尽早手术治疗     

先天性主动脉窦瘤X线平片表现（附四例报告）

本文报告４例先天性主动脉窦瘤，２例为单纯主动脉窦瘤穿破至右室，另１例为窦瘤伴主动脉二叶瓣合并主动脉瓣关闭不全，又１例与室间隔缺损及主动脉瓣关闭不全并存。文中提出：临床有心前区连续性杂音时，如有肺血增多与心脏增大程度不相称或伴左心衰时有肺血减少现象应考虑此症。     

超声诊断无冠窦瘤破入右房1例

患者 男性。17岁。因劳累后心悸气促15天入院,平素身体健康。查体：心律齐,P2略增强,胸骨左缘3—4肋间可闻及Ⅲ／6级收缩期杂音,可扪及细震颤,双下肢无水肿,周围血管征（-）。心电图、胸片均未见异常。心脏彩超检查见全心扩大,主动脉窦部及肺动脉增宽,主动脉根部的无冠窦呈囊袋状突向右房,范围1．3cm×1．2cm,窦壁顶部回声中断,CDFI显示窦瘤内有彩色湍流存在,并见异常分流束从破口处射人右房,频谱多普勒在破口处记录到以舒张期为主的连续性分流频谱,持续整个心动周期（图1）。超声提示：先天性心脏病,主动脉无冠窦瘤破入右房。手术所见心脏增大,主动脉瓣的无冠瓣破入右房,破口约1cm,行冠状窦瘤修补术。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术治疗

１９８１年１月至１９９３年２月手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂合并主动脉瓣关闭不全８例，其中６例合并室缺，３例合并房缺。６例主动脉瓣关闭不全是由主动脉瓣脱垂所致，１例因瓣叶穿孔，１例因瓣叶细菌性心内膜炎破坏引起。手术采用升主动脉与窦瘤破人心腔双切口，处理主动脉窦瘤破裂、房缺、室缺以及主动脉瓣关闭不全。４例施行脱垂的主动脉瓣叶折叠悬吊术，４例行主动脉瓣替换术。８例均痊愈出院。随访３个月至８年，８例心功能均改善。     

胸主动脉瘤外科治疗(附4例报告)

本文介绍4例胸主动瘤外科治疗的经验.全组均为男性,年龄23～37岁.病变属DeBakeyⅠ型2例,Ⅱ型1例,主动脉窦动脉瘤1例,其中2例伴夹层动脉瘤.采用Bentall手术(即升主动脉瘤切除,带瓣血管作主动脉替换和左右冠脉开口移植)和Wheat手术各1例,升主动脉和部分弓切除替换加主动脉瓣置换1例,另1例为单纯主动脉瓣膜置换.手术均获成功,经6～36月随访,临床症状消失,能从事正常生活和轻工作.作者强调早期诊断和早期手术的重要性,并对预防吻合出血进行了讨论.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术治疗

１９８１年１月至１９９３年２月手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂合并主动脉瓣关闭不全８例。其中６例合并室缺，３例合并房缺。６例主动脉瓣关闭不全是由主动脉瓣脱垂所致，１例因瓣叶穿孔，１例因瓣叶细菌性心内膜炎破坏引起。手术采用升主动脉与窦瘤破入心腔双切口，处理主动脉窦瘤破裂，房缺，室缺以及主动脉瓣关闭不全。４例施行脱垂的主动脉瓣叶折叠悬吊术，４例行主动脉瓣替换术。８例均痊愈出院。随访３个月至８年，８例心功能增改善     

主动脉窦瘤破裂彩色多普勒超声心动图特征及规律性研究

目的:探寻主动脉窦瘤破裂(RASA)彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)特征及规律性.方法:应用CDE检查103例RASA,4例行介入治疗对照,99例均经手术证实.结果:根据CDE特征对101例RASA做出正确诊断,误诊2例,假阳性2例,诊断准确率96.2%,灵敏性98.1%,特异性99.9%.RASA的CDE特征及规律性明显:①M型超声显示左心房、左心室内径增大,室间隔、左室后壁和二尖瓣前叶运动幅度增大;②二维超声心动图(2DE)胸骨旁大动脉短轴切面显示破裂的主动脉窦部向外凸出,呈"囊袋样"改变,称2DE"囊袋征".破裂的主动脉窦瘤顶部显示大小不等的回声中断;③彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)显示破裂的主动脉窦瘤左向右五彩镶嵌分流束血流信号,分流束血流信号基底部宽度与破口直径相仿;④主动脉右窦破入右心室流出道多见,主动脉右窦破入右心室和右心房次之,主动脉无窦破入右心房少见;⑤RASA合并室间隔缺损多见,合并主动脉瓣关闭不全和二尖瓣关闭不全次之.结论:RASA的CDE特征及规律性明显,2DE与CDFI结合检查对RASA有特异性诊断价值.     

Endovascular treatment of peripheral intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Distally located cerebral aneurysms are difficult to treat with preservation of the parent vessel. We report the angiographic results and clinical outcome for 27 patients with peripheral cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2005, 27 patients, 13 female and 14 male, presented to our institution with peripheral intracranial aneurysms and were treated endovascularly. None of these aneurysms were mycotic in origin. The age of our patients ranged from 23 to 76 years with a mean age of 53. Twenty of the 27 patients had subarachnoid and/or intracerebral hemorrhage upon presentation. In 5 patients, the aneurysm was an incidental finding. One patient with a fusiform P2 aneurysm presented with cranial nerve III palsy, and another patient with P4 aneurysm had visual disturbances. Locations of the aneurysms were as follows: posterior cerebral artery in 9 patients, superior cerebellar artery in 5 patients, anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 1 patient, posterior inferior cerebellar artery in 5 patients, middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 5 patients, and anterior cerebral artery in 2 patients. RESULTS: Seven patients were treated with selective embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). Nineteen patients with fusiform aneurysms underwent parent artery occlusion (PAO). Fifteen PAOs were performed with coils and 4 with glue. One patient with a MCA aneurysm was found at the time of planned embolization to have spontaneously thrombosed the aneurysm and the distal branch of the MCA, 1 day after the initial diagnostic angiogram. Five patients (5/18 or 27.7%) who underwent PAO developed neurologic deficits. Two patients (2/18 or 11.1%) had permanent neurologic deficits (a visual field defect). CONCLUSION: Our results support that distally located aneurysms can be treated with endovascular PAO in the cases in which selective occlusion of the aneurysmal sac with GDC or surgical clipping cannot be achieved.     

真性及假性室间隔膜部瘤的临床研究

目的探讨真、假性室间隔膜部瘤的诊断、外科治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月—2011年12月我院对真性或假性室间隔膜部瘤485例患者,于全麻低温体外循环下行心内直视修补术的临床资料,并对451例患者进行术后随访。结果超声心动图是术前诊断的主要手段,术中所见最后确定真性或假性膜部瘤,并采用不同的手术方法。485例患者手术治疗无死亡,无合并症。术后对451例膜部瘤患者随访10月～7年(平均4.8±2.73)年,近、远期疗效均满意。结论对于真、假性膜部瘤患者均应行手术治疗,手术中根据不同情况采用相应手术方式均能获得满意的效果。     

Aneurysm shrinkage after endovascular repair of aortic diseases

BACKGROUND: There are two graft materials for endovascular repair of aortic diseases, i.e., polyester and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). The latest reports have suggested that there is graft-specific difference in outcomes. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the difference in terms of aneurysm shrinkage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients who underwent endovascular repair of aortic diseases were included. Forty patients had true aortic aneurysms, 8 had aortic pseudoaneurysms, and 38 had aortic dissections. Eighteen patients with true aortic aneurysms were treated with stent grafts fabricated with polyester, while the other 68 patients, including 22 patients with true aneurysms, 8 patients with pseudoaneurysms, and 38 patients with aortic dissections, were treated with stent grafts fabricated with ePTFE. All patients were followed-up by computed tomography (CT) for more than 1 year. The mean follow-up term was 28 months. Computed tomography confirmed that there were sufficiently long necks, and the aneurysm or the entry tear was completely excluded without any endoleak in all patients. The diameter of the preoperative lesion was compared with that measured on follow-up CT at 1 year and at the end of the follow-up term. Increase or decrease in the diameter by more than 5 mm was defined as a significant diameter change. RESULTS: Aneurysm shrinkage was observed in 40% of patients with true aneurysms, 88% of patients with pseudoaneurysms, and 55% of patients with aortic dissections at 1 year. There was no significant increase in patients with aneurysm shrinkage at the end of follow-up in any groups. In the case of true aortic aneurysms, shrinkage of aneurysms was observed more frequently with polyester-fabricated stent grafts (67%, 13/18) than with ePTFE-fabricated ones (18%, 4/22) at 1 year (P<.01). In contrast, expansion of aneurysms was observed only in patients treated with ePTFE (14%, 3/22). Shrinkage of the descending aorta was observed in 55% of patients with acute aortic dissections and 36% of patients with chronic aortic dissections. There was no case with aortic enlargement in either group. There was no significant difference between acute and chronic dissection in terms of shrinkage of the descending aorta. CONCLUSION: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene appears to be effective for the treatment of pseudoaneurysms and aortic dissections. However, polyester seems to be more effective than ePTFE when true aneurysms are to be treated.     

18F-FDG PET心肌代谢显像对左心室室壁瘤患者长期预后的价值

目的 评估18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET心肌代谢显像对左心室室壁瘤患者长期预后的价值.方法 对70例左心室室壁瘤患者[超声心动图示左心室射血分数(LVEF)为(36±8)%]行99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)SPECT心肌灌注显像和18F-FDG PET心肌代谢显像,对经冠状动脉造影确诊的左心室室壁瘤患者进行随访,计算室壁瘤部位、非室壁瘤部位以及左心室心肌灌注和代谢积分,以及灌注-代谢不匹配分(MMS).MMS≥2.0为心肌存活.室壁瘤部位心肌不存活者中,药物治疗为组1,手术治疗为组2;室壁瘤部位心肌存活者中,药物治疗为组3,手术治疗为组4.心源性死亡和心脏事件为随访终点.以Kaplan-Meier方法获得生存曲线,并用Log-rank法比较率的差异.结果 组1至组4患者例数分别为14,23,10和23例.随访1～105(72±32)个月,16例患者发生心源性死亡.组3的心源性年死亡率为11.6%,高于组4的1.5%(X2=12.87,P<0.0001),也高于组1的4.8%(X2=4.13,P<0.05)和组2的2.2%(χ2=10.46,P=0.001).Cox回归多因素分析显示室壁瘤部位的MMS[风险比(HR)1.40,95%可信区间(CI)为1.11～1.75,P=0.003]和血运重建术(HR 0.35,95%CI为0.18～0.69,P=0.002)是预测心源性死亡的独立危险因子.结论 18F-FDG PET心肌代谢显像和99Tcm-MIBI SPECT心肌灌注显像对于室壁瘤患者的治疗方案制定及长期预后估测有重要意义.     

Endovascular treatment of cerebral mycotic aneurysms

PURPOSE: To evaluate the endovascular treatment (EVT) of mycotic aneurysms (MAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and radiologic data of 18 MAs treated with EVT were retrospectively reviewed. There were 14 patients (11 men, three women), ranging in age from 28 to 64 (mean age, 44 years). All patients had endocarditis and positive blood culture. The aneurysms were located within the distal cerebral circulation (n = 13) or in the circle of Willis (n = 5). There were 12 ruptured aneurysms and six unruptured aneurysms. Distal or fusiform aneurysms were treated by means of parent vessel occlusion. Proximal saccular aneurysms were selectively treated. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was successful for all aneurysms. No aneurysm bled after embolization during clinical follow-up. Follow-up angiograms obtained in 11 of 14 patients 6 months to 2 years after the procedures showed stable occlusions. Transient complications occurred in two cases, with worsening of hemiparesis and quadrantanopia. Five patients underwent surgical cardiac valve replacement within 1 week of EVT without neurologic complications. The late clinical outcome was normal neurologic status (n = 9) or permanent disability that was related to the initial stroke (n = 5). CONCLUSION: EVT is a reliable and safe technique that should be considered at the time of diagnosis of cerebral mycotic aneurysms.     

Guglielmi detachable coil treatment of ruptured saccular cerebral aneurysms: retrospective review of a 10-year single-center experience

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We retrospectively analyzed our results with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) for the endovascular occlusion of acutely ruptured saccular cerebral aneurysms over 10 years. METHODS: Between 1991-2000, 83 patients (mean age, 56.1 years) with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated with endovascular GDCs. Patients with aneurysms due to trauma or dissection and those with mycotic or fusiform aneurysms were excluded. Mean follow-up in survivors was 19.1 months, and the mean Hunt-Hess grade at admission was 2.2. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 93% of surviving patients (mean interval, 11.6 months). The basilar caput (34 patients) and anterior communicating artery complex (19 patients) were most commonly treated. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients (77%) had a Glasgow Outcome Scale score (GOS) of 4 or 5, nine (11%) had a score of 2 or 3, and 10 (12%) died. At follow-up, 24 patients (35%) had complete aneurysm occlusion, 18 (26%) had a dog-ear remnant, 24 (35%) had a residual neck, and two (3%) had residual aneurysm filling. No treated aneurysm rebled. Three patients required surgical repair after incomplete endovascular treatment. Two or more GDC occlusion procedures were required in 28 patients (34%). Major procedural complications occurred in two patients (2%), resulting in serious neurologic disability or death. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms with GDCs has low morbidity, and it facilitates good overall outcomes in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The short-term effectiveness of GDC occlusion in preventing aneurysmal rebleeding was excellent. Durability of the treatment in preventing long-term rebleeding as compared with direct surgical clipping warrants further study. Advances in device technology and technique may improve future outcomes.     

Late angiographic and clinical follow-up results of 100 consecutive aneurysms treated with Onyx reconstruction: largest single-center experience

We present the long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up results of 100 consecutive intracranial aneurysms treated with Onyx liquid embolic system (MTI, Irvine, Calif.), either alone or combined with an adjunctive stent, in a single center. A total of 100 aneurysms in 94 patients were treated with endosaccular Onyx packing. Intracranial stenting was used adjunctively in 25 aneurysms including 19 during initial treatment and 6 during retreatment. All aneurysms except two were located in the internal carotid artery. Of the 100 aneurysms, 35 were giant or large/wide-necked, and 65 were small. Follow-up angiography was performed in all 91 surviving patients (96 aneurysms) at 3 and/or 6 months. Follow-up angiography was performed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years in 90, 41, 26, 6 and 2 patients, respectively. Overall, aneurysm recanalization was observed in 12 of 96 aneurysms with follow-up angiography (12.5%). All 12 were large or giant aneurysms, resulting in a 36% recanalization rate in the large and giant aneurysm group. One aneurysm out of 25 treated with the combination of a stent and Onyx showed recanalization. There was also no recanalization in the follow-up of small internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with balloon assistance only. At final follow-up, procedure- or device-related permanent neurological morbidity was present in eight patients (8.3%). There were two procedure-related and one disease-related (subarachnoid hemorrhage) deaths (mortality 3.2%). Delayed spontaneous asymptomatic occlusion of the parent vessel occurred in two patients, detected on routine follow-up. Onyx provides durable aneurysm occlusion with parent artery reconstruction resulting in perfectly stable 1-year to 5-year follow-up angiography both in small aneurysms treated with balloon assistance only (0% recanalization rate) and large or giant aneurysms treated with stent and Onyx combination (4% recanalization rate). Endosaccular Onyx packing with balloon assistance may not be adequate for stable long-term results in those with a large or giant aneurysm. However, the recanalization rate of 36% in these aneurysms is better than the reported results with other techniques, i.e., coils with or without adjunctive bare stents.     

高龄股骨颈骨折患者的围术期特点

目的 分析80岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折患者的手术治疗过程,总结围术期特点,对今后高龄患者的治疗提供帮助.方法 回顾性研究自2000年6月至2008年6月手术治疗的61例80岁以上股骨颈骨折患者的治疗过程,男25例,女36例;平均年龄83.4岁(80～94岁).新鲜骨折53例,其中Garden Ⅰ、Ⅱ型6例,GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型47例;陈旧骨折8例,均为GardenⅣ型.51例(84%)患者术前合并内科或神经科疾病.给予必要的术前检查和处理后,6例Garden Ⅰ、Ⅱ型骨折行空心钉内固定术;55例GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折(47例新鲜骨折和8例陈旧骨折)中,2例患者因髋臼有明显骨关节炎表现而行骨水泥型人工全髋置换术,其余53例均行人工股骨头置换术.结果 空心钉内固定组平均手术时间51 min,平均术中出血50 ml;人工股骨头置换组平均手术时间81 min,平均术中出血180 ml;人工全髋置换组平均手术时间105 min,平均术中出血350 ml.15例(25%)患者于术后住院期间出现并发症,其中心血管系统的并发症(低血压、心功能不全、房颤)最多,为12%.空心钉内固定组、股骨头置换组和全髋置换组术后血红蛋白比术前分别平均下降11.9%、17.1%和18.1%,术后自蛋白比术前分别平均下降10.8%、18.1%和20.2%.17例(28%)患者术后血红蛋白<100 g/L,4例(7%)术后白蛋白<30 g/L.结论 80岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折患者常合并多种内科或神经科疾病,手术风险高,充分的术前准备、积极防治围术期各种并发症是保证手术成功的重要因素.     

Endovascular treatment of basilar and ICA termination aneurysms: effects of the use of HydroCoils on treatment stability in a subgroup of patients prone to a higher recurrence rate

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of occlusion of terminal bifurcation aneurysms after embolization with hydrogel-coated coils. METHODS: Of 35 bifurcation aneurysms, 34 were treated with hydrogel-coated coils in combination with platinum coils, and 1 was treated with hydrogel-coated coils only. Aneurysms were located at the basilar tip in 17 patients, and the internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation in 18 patients. The patient population consisted of 20 women and 15 men with ages ranging from 21 to 65 years. The aneurysm was found in 16 patients on presentation for subarachnoid hemorrhage, and in 19 patients the finding was incidental. Of the 35 aneurysms, 25 were small, 9 were large and 1 was giant. The giant aneurysm was located at the basilar tip and showed partial thrombosis. All except two basilar tip aneurysms were treated with balloon assistance. The remaining two basilar tip aneurysms were embolized with the assistance of an aneurysmal neck bridge device. RESULTS: The mean percentage occluded aneurysm volume for all devices was in the range 34-100%. Follow-up angiograms were obtained at 1 year in 6 patients, 2 years in 11 patients, and 3 years in 18 patients. Angiograms obtained immediately after embolization demonstrated a Raymond class 1 occlusion in 29 patients (82.9%) and a Raymond class 2 occlusion in 6 patients (17.1%). In four of these six patients follow-up angiograms demonstrated regrowth with resultant Raymond class 3 occlusion. In the other two patients, Raymond class 2 occlusion remained stable on follow-up angiograms. In patients who had a Raymond class 1 occlusion on the angiogram obtained immediately after embolization, no regrowth was seen on the follow-up angiograms. The overall recanalization rate was 11.4% (three large, one giant) at 6 months. Retreatment was not considered in three of these patients and they were to be followed; the other patient was retreated. CONCLUSION: Our initial procedural data demonstrate that higher volumetric occlusion was achieved with hydrogel-coated coils and the long-term follow-up results showed a favorably low recanalization rates among the terminal bifurcation aneurysms.     

True versus false left ventricular aneurysm: differentiation with MR imaging--initial experience

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for differentiation of true from false left ventricular aneurysm in patients after myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cardiac MR images obtained in 22 sequential patients (20 men, two women; mean age, 63 years; age range, 45-75 years) with pathologically proved left ventricular true aneurysm (n = 18) or false aneurysm (n = 4) after myocardial infarction were retrospectively analyzed. The MR imaging protocol included steady-state cine imaging followed by perfusion measurement and delayed contrast-enhanced imaging with delays of 15 and 20 minutes. Differences between true and false aneurysms with regard to maximal internal width of orifice, maximal parallel internal diameter, ratio of maximal orifice to maximal internal diameter, presence of mural thrombus and delayed enhancement of pericardium, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate. RESULTS: Inferior wall location was noted in two of four patients with false aneurysm and in none of 18 patients with true aneurysm (P = .03). The remaining aneurysms were apicoanterior (two false, 10 true) or apical (eight true). False aneurysms had a ratio of maximal internal width of the orifice to maximal parallel internal diameter that was significantly lower than that of true aneurysms (0.73 vs 1.00, P < .001) and had a significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume (median, 202 vs 136 mL/m(2); P = .001), as well as a nonsignificant tendency toward lower left ventricular ejection fraction (17% vs 28%, P = .15). Mural thrombus was identified in all four patients with false aneurysm and in seven of 18 patients with true aneurysm (P = .09). Delayed enhancement of pericardium was noted in all four patients with false aneurysm and in three of 18 patients with true aneurysm. Resultant sensitivity of MR imaging for the detection of false left ventricular aneurysm was four of four, specificity was 15 of 18, accuracy was 19 of 22, and positive and negative predictive values were four of seven and 15 of 15 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial experience with a small number of patients suggests that marked delayed enhancement of the pericardium is a characteristic feature of false aneurysm. Study with a larger patient sample is required to further assess this feature.