心理支持干预对稽留流产患者焦虑和抑郁的改善作用

目的:探讨心理支持干预对稽留流产患者精神焦虑和抑郁的改善作用。方法:选取2014年2月—2016年2月因稽留流产于我院治疗的患者共150例,随机分干预组和对照组,每组75例,干预组采用心理支持干预,对照组采用常规的护理,在干预前后采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)患者进行疗效评价。结果:两组患者入院时的SAS和SDS评分比较差异无统计学意义,出院时两组患者的SAS和SDS评分均较入院时有所下降(P0.05),干预组患者显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=8.161,P0.001),两组患者入院前的焦虑和抑郁人数比例差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=0.110,P=0.740;χ~2=1.000,P=0.317),而出院时出院时干预组患者的无或轻度焦虑和抑郁人数比例显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=7.535,7.985;P0.01)。结论:心理支持干预有助于缓解稽留流产患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,值得临床推广。     

心理干预对股骨干粉碎性骨折患者的应用效果

目的:探讨心理干预对股骨干粉碎性骨折患者的应用效果。方法:选取2016年2月至2018年1月住院的股骨干粉碎性骨折患者120例,根据住院期间干预方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组60例,给予对照组常规治疗干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施心理干预,比较入院和出院时两组患者焦虑抑郁情绪、疼痛程度情况。结果:入院时,两组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),出院时,观察组SAS和SDS评分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=-13.17,-18.39;P0.05);比较两组患者VAS评分情况,入院时,两组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义,出院时,观察组VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.311,P0.05)。结论:心理干预可明显缓解股骨干粉碎性骨折患者焦虑情绪,降低疼痛感,有利于患者的身心健康。     

心理干预结合风险管理对脑出血患者术后并发症、心理状态及满意度的影响

目的:探讨心理干预结合风险管理对脑出血患者术后并发症、心理状态及护理满意度的影响。方法:选择2016年10月-2018年9月我院收治的100例脑出血手术患者,随机分为联合组(n=50)和对照组(n=50),对照组围术期给予常规护理,联合组在对照组基础上实施心理干预+风险管理,评估两组入院时、出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,比较两组干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生活质量(QOL)、功能独立性评定量表(FIM)评分及术后并发症、满意度、依从性。结果:联合组出院时NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(t=5.089,P0.05);联合组干预后SAS(t=2.771,P0.05)、SDS(t=3.104,P0.05)评分均显著低于对照组;联合组干预后QOL(t=2.092,P0.05)、FIM(t=2.719,P0.05)评分均显著高于对照组;联合组术后并发症总发生率显著高于对照组(χ~2=4.320,P0.05);联合组满意率(χ~2=5.316,P0.05)和依从率(χ~2=5.005,P0.05)均显著高于对照组。结论:心理干预结合风险管理可以改善脑出血手术患者心理状态,提高患者满意度和治疗依从性,减少并发症的发生,最终提高患者生活自理能力和生活质量。     

前列腺汽化电切手术患者使用支持性心理治疗对心理状态及生活质量影响

目的:研究支持性心理治疗对前列腺汽化电切手术(TVP)患者术后心理状态及生活质量影响情况。方法:回顾性分析我院162例行择期TVP手术治疗患者临床资料,其中82例予以围术期支持性心理治疗,纳入观察组;80例给予常规干预措施,纳入对照组。记录两组入院时及术前恐惧情绪[恐惧视觉模拟评分法(FAVS)]、心理应激[皮质醇(Cor)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)]水平、术后疼痛、膀胱痉挛发生情况,并比较两组入院时、术后1d、出院时焦虑、抑郁情绪[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)]和生活质量[世界卫生组织生活质量量表(WHOQOL)]差异。结果:观察组入院时FAVS评分低于术前(t=13.208,P=0.000),且低于对照组(t=-11.176,P=0.000)。观察组术前血清Cor、ACTH水平较入院时降低(t=3.396,7.299;P0.05),且低于对照组(t=-4.309,-6.963;P0.05)。观察组术后疼痛、膀胱痉挛发生率均低于对照组(χ~2=6.453,4.661;P0.05)。两组SAS、SDS评分变化情况均为入院时术后1d出院时(t=8.958,11.526,16.736,11.717,13.613,22.977,4.683,5.709,8.762,8.182,9.369,13.117;P0.05),且观察组术后1d、出院时SAS、SDS评分低于对照组(t=-3.514,-3.565,-8.771,-6.048;P0.05)。两组WHOQOL评分变化情况均为入院时术后1d出院时(t=-4.443,-5.570,-9.052,-2.078,-3.492,-5.437;P0.05),且观察组术后1d、出院时WHOQOL评分高于对照组(t=2.171,4.073;P0.05)。结论:支持性心理治疗应用于TVP围术期中效果显著,可纠正患者负性情绪,减轻术前心理应激反应,并改善患者生活质量,于降低术后并发症发生风险也有利。     

原发性肝癌手术患者心理弹性状况及集体心理干预效果评价

目的:探讨原发性肝癌手术患者心理弹性状况及集体心理干预效果评价.方法:选取2016年7月至2018年9月本院收治的原发性肝癌手术患者148例,采用信封法随机分为观察和对照组各74例,对照组给予常规干预,观察组在此基础上给予集体心理干预,比较两组干预效果,分析对患者心理弹性、情绪状态、生活质量的影响.结果:干预后两组心理弹性状况评分(CD-RISC)均显著升高(t=16.250,7.271;P＜0.05),且观察组CD-RISC评分显著高于对照组(t=9.768,P＜0.05);干预后两组焦虑评分(HAMA)、抑郁评分(HAMD)均显著降低,观察组干预后HAMA评分(t=-25.829,P＜0.05)、HAMD评分(t=-29.997,P＜0.05)均明显低于对照组;观察组术后下床活动时间(t=1-5.121,P＜0.05)、住院时间(t=-18.399,P＜0.05)、术后肛门排气时间(t=-22.873,P＜0.05)均显著短于对照组,住院费用明显低于对照组(t=-8.027,P＜0.05);干预后两组社会关系领域、生理领域、心理领域、环境领域评分均显著升高,且观察组干预后社会关系领域(t=14.236,P＜0.05)、生理领域(t=14.628,P＜0.05)、心理领域(t=14.408,P＜0.05)、环境领域(t=13.396,P＜0.05)评分均明显高于对照组;观察组并发症发生率9.46％显著低于对照组22.97％(t=4.973,P＜0.05).结论:集体心理干预在原发性肝癌手术患者中应用较佳,可显著改善患者的心理弹性状态、生活质量,促进术后恢复.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对中老年胃溃疡患者心理状态的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌感染对中老年胃溃疡患者心理状态的影响。方法:选取2012年6月—2016年6月于我院住院治疗的中老年胃溃疡且合并幽门螺杆菌感染共120例(观察组),选取体检健康患者共100例作为对照(对照组),使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评价两组及观察组患者根治幽门螺杆菌感染后的心理状态评分,并进行数据比较分析。结果:观察组患者的总均分(t=5.896,P0.001)、躯体化(t=3.260,P=0.001)、强迫症状(t=3.431,P=0.001)、人际关系敏感(t=5.911,P0.001)、抑郁(t=6.282,P0.001)、焦虑(t=5.366,P0.001)、恐怖(t=5.366,P0.001)和偏执(t=2.274,P=0.024)均显著高于对照,差异均具有统计学意义。治疗后4周,观察组患者的总均分(t=4.272,P0.001)、躯体化(t=4.116,P0.001)、强迫症状(t=4.482,P0.001)、人际关系敏感(t=4.592,P0.001)、抑郁(t=6.859,P0.001)、焦虑(t=5.254,P0.001)、恐怖(t=6.800,P0.001)显著低于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义。结论:幽门螺杆菌感染可以导致中老年胃溃疡患者产生多种负面心理,根治幽门螺杆菌感染可显著改善患者的负面心理状态。     

社区—家庭心理干预联合氟西汀治疗对脑梗死伴抑郁患者心理社会适应状况的影响

目的:分析社区-家庭心理干预联合氟西汀治疗对脑梗死伴抑郁患者心理社会适应状况的影响。方法:选取2016年8月-2019年6月某院收治的92例脑梗死伴抑郁患者,随机分为观察组和对照组46例,对照组予以氟西汀进行治疗,每天1次,持续1个月,观察组在对照组的基础上辅以社区-家庭心理干预,每周1次,持续1个月。比较两组患者干预前后焦虑抑郁评分、心理社会适应评分、神经功能缺损程度及日常生活能力、免疫功能。结果:观察组患者焦虑(SAS)、抑郁(SDS)评分明显低于对照组(t=4.683,4.719;P0.05);观察组患者神经缺损程度(NDS)评分明显低于对照组(t=4.132,P0.05),日常生活能力(ADL)评分明显高于对照组(t=5.813,P0.05);观察组患者正性情绪、负性情绪、社会生活适应评分明显高于对照组(t=4.199,2.613,2.790;P0.05);观察组患者CD4+、CD4+/CD8+明显高于对照组(t=4.130,3.267;P0.05),CD8+明显低于对照组(t=3.315,P0.05)。结论:社区-家庭心理干预联合氟西汀治疗有利于改善脑梗死伴抑郁患者的心理状态,促进其神经功能和日常生活能力的恢复,增强心理社会适应能力及免疫功能。     

心理护理对抑郁症患者情绪及自我接纳的影响

目的探讨心理护理对抑郁症患者情绪及自我接纳的作用。方法抽取某医院抑郁症住院患者96名作为研究对象,随机分为常规护理组48例和心理护理组48例,比较两组患者在治疗前后情绪和自我接纳程度的差异。结果 1心理护理组患者在住院期间接受8周的治疗,情绪均得到一定程度的改善,抑郁和焦虑情绪实测值较治疗前均降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=10.27,6.40;P0.05)。心理护理组和常规护理组在治疗前抑郁和焦虑没有统计学差异,经8周治疗后,心理护理组在治疗后的抑郁、焦虑实测值显著低于常规护理组,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.37,4.24;P0.05);2心理护理组经8周治疗后,自我评价、自我接纳及总分均较治疗前显著性提高,差异具有统计学意义(t=8.14,6.80,9.28;P0.05)。心理护理组和常规护理组在治疗前自我评价、自我接纳及总分没有统计学差异,经8周治疗后,心理护理组的自我评价、自我接纳及总分均比常规护理组提高,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.77,8.35,7.57;P0.05)。结论抑郁症患者进行治疗时,不仅要对患者进行药物治疗和常规护理,还要结合心理护理。     

心理康复护理对脑卒中患者心理状态及生活质量的影响

目的:分析心理康复对脑卒中患者心理状态及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年5月-2016年5月我院收治的脑卒中患者80例,根据护理方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。给予对照组常规护理干预,给予观察组心理康复护理,比较两组患者护理前后心理状态和生活质量情况。结果:观察组患者护理后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=-5.078,-8.131;P0.05);观察组日常生活活动能力(Activities of daily living,ADL)评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=8.608,P0.05)。结论:心理康复护理有利于改善脑卒中患者焦虑抑郁的心理状态,提高患者的生活质量。     

治疗性抚触联合心理干预对重症肺炎患儿心理韧性、治疗依从性及智能发育指数的影响

目的:探讨治疗性抚触联合心理干预对重症肺炎患儿心理韧性、治疗依从性及智能发育指数的影响。方法:选取104例重症肺炎患儿依照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各52例,均给予常规干预措施,对照组给予心理干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予治疗性抚触干预,观察患儿的焦虑、抑郁状态,心理韧性、治疗依从性及智能发育情况。结果:干预后,观察组儿童焦虑障碍自评量表(SCARED)评分(t=-10.228,P0.05)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)评分(t=-8.628,P0.05)显著低于对照组,慢性病儿童韧性量表(CICRS)[个性特征(t=5.401,P0.05)、应对方式(t=5.872,P0.05)及人际关系(t=7.052,P0.05)]评分显著高于对照组,治疗依从性[治疗行为(t=2.676,P0.05)、检查配合度(t=2.917,P0.05)、活动量(t=5.030,P0.05)、睡眠(t=6.813,P0.05)、饮食(t=5.186,P0.05)及总分(t=8.489,P0.05)]评分显著高于对照组,小儿智能发育量表(CDCC)[智能发育指数(MDI)(t=2.762,P0.05)及心理运动发育指数(PDI)(t=3.800,P0.05)]评分显著高于对照组,组内不同时间点间差异均具有统计学意义。结论:治疗性抚触联合心理干预可显著改善患儿负性情绪,增强其心理韧性及提高治疗依从性,从而利于患儿智能发育良好及预后。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.