Chemical constituents and biological applications of the genus Symplocos

The genus Symplocos has been reviewed for its chemical constituents and biological activities including traditional importance of some common species. The plants of this genus contain terpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, and iridoids. Terpenoids are the major constituents within the genus Symplocos and most of them exhibit antiproliferative effects. Some phenolic glycoside derivatives showed inhibitory activity against snake-venom phosphodiesterase I and human nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase I. The members of genus Symplocos are well known for their traditional uses in the treatment of various diseases like leprosy, gynecological disorders, ulcers, leucorrhea, menorrhagia, malaria, and tumefaction. The aim of the present paper is to review the comprehensive knowledge of the plants of this genus including the traditional uses, chemistry, and pharmacology.     

Ethnopharmacological investigations on Thalictrum plants in China

Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) is an extremely abundant medicinal plant source. Due to their marked ethnopharmacological usages in folk medicine of China and the large number of potentially active chemical constituents, they may be a rich source for new chemicals for drug R&D. Here, an investigation on traditional functions and folk therapeutic uses of Thalictrum plants from China, as well as their main chemical constituents, was undertaken. It showed that 43 Thalictrum plants have long been used as folk medicine to treat many diseases in different races of China. In addition, the correlation between folk therapeutic effects and chemical constituents, and the modern pharmacological activities, are discussed as well as the prospect of isolation and development of new drugs from this genus of plants.     

薯蓣属植物中菲类化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

薯蓣属(Dioscorea)植物是中药材的重要来源，山药、穿山龙、粉萆薢、黄山药、绵萆薢等中药皆来源于该属植物。菲类化合物是该属植物中一类重要的化学成分，包括菲单体、二氢菲、四氢菲、菲醌和菲二聚体5种结构类型，具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、降血糖、抗肥胖、抗菌、抗病毒、神经保护等药理活性，其中一些菲类化合物活性多样且作用显著，有较好的开发利用前景。目前未见针对薯蓣属植物中菲类化学成分的系统性综述报道，本文对薯蓣属植物中的菲类化学成分及其药理活性进行综述，旨在为相关研究提供参考，以促进薯蓣属植物的开发利用。     

珍珠菜属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

珍珠菜属（Lysimachia L.）植物在我国分布广泛、资源丰富,其中多种植物在民间药用,过路黄（L.christinae）的干燥全草为常用中药金钱草的基源植物。本属植物中含有大量的黄酮类、三萜类、挥发油等化学成分;现代药理学研究表明,该属植物提取物或某些成分在抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化等方面显示了较好的生物活性。本文对近年来国内外报道的珍珠菜属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进行综述,为进一步研究开发该属植物资源提供依据。     

Hawthorn

A review with 54 references covers all aspects of hawthorn, the genus Crataegus, including its traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical effects. Although the effectiveness of hawthorn on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has received extensive attention worldwide, further scientific research on various areas such as pharmacokinetics, mechanism of actions will be necessary to ensure its safe and effective usage.     

垂头菊属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

垂头菊属植物有多种药用价值,数种被用做传统藏药,用于止痛,治疗发热、炎症和中风.本属植物所含化学成分众多,主要为倍半萜类、三萜甾体类、苯丙素类、黄酮类和挥发油等.本文通过查阅近年的文献资料,对垂头菊属植物的化学成分、药理活性进行综述,为垂头菊属植物的研究开发和应用提供科学依据.     

Phosphodiesterase and thymidine phosphorylase-inhibiting salirepin derivatives from Symplocos racemosa

A re-investigation of the chemical constituents of the stem bark of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. led to the isolation of four new glycosides, symplocomoside (1), symponoside (2), symplososide (3) and symploveroside (4). Benzoylsalireposide (5) and salireposide (6) were re-isolated from this plant. The structures of the new compounds were determined by 1D and 2D-homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, chemical evidence, and by comparison with the published data of the closely related compounds. The glycosides 1-4 displayed in vitro inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase I with IC50 values of 122 +/- 0.017, 698 +/- 0.06, 722 +/- 0.03, 909 +/- 0.09 microM, respectively. The compounds 1-6 also showed in vitro inhibitory activity against thymidine phosphorylase with IC50 values of 189.96 +/- 1.02, 195.56 +/- 2.36, 207.61 +/- 1.06, 488.89 +/- 4.10, 427.20 +/- 5.36, 354.2 +/- 5.69 microM, respectively while 1 was also found to be a urease inhibitor with an IC50 value of 54.13 +/- 0.71 microM.     

枣属植物化学成分研究进展

枣属（Ziziphus）为鼠李科植物中具有较高经济价值的一个属,约有170余种。迄今为止,已报道从枣属植物中发现或分离得到的化合物达200余种,主要包括三萜类、生物碱类、黄酮类、核苷类及糖类等化学成分。其中三萜类成分主要包括游离型的五环三萜类和以达玛烷型四环三萜为主要苷元的三萜皂苷类;黄酮类成分除含有氧苷类成分外,尚含有碳苷类成分,糖多取代在C-6或C-8位;生物碱类成分可进一步分为环肽生物碱类和异喹啉生物碱类。本文对近年来枣属植物化学成分研究的新进展进行总结,以期为枣属植物资源的深入开发与综合利用提供参考。     

Natural medicine: the genus Angelica

More than 60 species of medicinal plants belong to the genus Angelica (Family: Apiaceae). Many of these species have long been used in ancient traditional medicine systems, especially in the far-east. Various herbal preparations containing Angelica species are available over-the-counter, not only in the far-eastern countries, but also in the western countries like USA, UK, Germany, etc. For centuries, many species of this genus, e.g. A. acutiloba, A. archangelica, A. atropupurea, A. dahurica, A. japonica, A. glauca, A. gigas, A. koreana, A. sinensis, A. sylvestris, etc., have been used traditionally as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, expectorant and diaphoretic, and remedy for colds, flu, influenza, hepatitis, arthritis, indigestion, coughs, chronic bronchitis, pleurisy, typhoid, headaches, wind, fever, colic, travel sickness, rheumatism, bacterial and fungal infections and diseases of the urinary organs. Active principles isolated from these plants mainly include various types of coumarins, acetylenic compounds, chalcones, sesquiterpenes and polysaccharides. This review evaluates the importance of the genus Angelica in relation to its traditional medicinal uses, alternative medicinal uses in the modern society and potential for drug development, and summarises results of various scientific studies on Angelica species or Angelica-containing preparations for their bioactivities including, antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumour, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, etc.     

筋骨草属植物化学成分和药理作用研究进展

筋骨革属植物的化学成分主要包括二萜、甾体、环烯醚萜苷、黄酮类等,现代研究表明筋骨草属植物具有抗氧化、抗疟、抗菌、抗炎等药理活性,具有良好研发前景。本文对近10O年来该属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展进行综述,为其进一步的研究与开发提供参考。     

香薷属植物的传统应用,化学与药理学研究进展（英文）

本文对20种产于中国的唇形科香薷属植物的化学成分、药理活性与传统应用进行了综述和比较。据文献报道,这些植物大部分用于治疗呼吸道和胃肠道的功能失调。另外,部分植物还具有抗菌、抗炎、解热镇痛和心肌缺血保护作用。从这些植物分离得到的挥发油和黄酮通常被认为是植物药理作用的物质基础。     

A review on genus Millettia: Traditional uses,phytochemicals and pharmacological activities

The genus Millettia belongs to Fabaceae includes 200 species which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Plants belong to this genus are used as folkloric medicine, for the treatment of different ailments like in wound healing, boil, sores, skin diseases, snake bite, muscle aches, pains, rheumatic arthritis, and gynaecological diseases. The aim of the review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the aspects of ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological uses and toxicity of genus Millettia in order to identify their therapeutic potential and generate space for future research opportunities. The present study comprises of isolated flavonoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, terpenoids and resins and pharmacological activities of various Millettia species. The relevant data were searched by using the keyword “Millettia” in different scientific databases like, “Google Scholar”; “NISCAIR repository”; “Pub Med”; “Science Direct”; “Scopus” and the taxonomy is validated by “The Plant List”. This review discusses the existing information of the traditional evaluation as well as phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of the extract and active constituents of the genus “Millettia”. This review confirms that several Millettia species have emerged as a high-quality medicine in a traditional system for arthritis, wound healing, inflammation, skin diseases. Numerous conventional uses of Millettia species have been validated by modern pharmacology research. Intensive investigations of the genus Millettia relating to phytochemistry and pharmacology, especially their mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy could be the future research interests by the researcher in the area of phytomedicine.     

构树属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

构树属植物近20年来广受国内外学者的关注，本文结合相关文献，对其在化学成分方面的研究作全面系统的介绍，其中对黄酮类、生物碱类、脂肪酸及脂类、氨基酸类等成分及其药理作用作了详细综述，为其在开发应用方面奠定基础。     

黄花三宝木枝条的化学成分研究

目的研究黄花三宝木（TrigonostemonlutescensY．T．ChangetJ．Y．Liang）枝条乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法采用多种柱色谱技术对黄花三宝木枝条的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据和理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。采用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定化合物的抗菌活性。结果从黄花三宝木中分离得到8个已知化合物,经波谱分析鉴定其结构分别为松脂醇（1）、丁香脂素（2）、ergosterolperoxide（3）、5-羟基-6,7-Z．甲氧基香豆素（4）、7-羟基-6-甲氧基香豆素（5）、丁香醛（6）、棕榈酸（7）和β-谷甾醇（8）。结论8个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、6和7为首次从该属植物中分离得到。抗菌活性研究结果表明,化合物2和6对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphy-lococcu$aureus）有抑制作用。     

异叶三宝木枝条的化学成分研究

目的 研究异叶三宝木 (Trigonostemon heterophyllus Merr.)枝条乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱和 RP-18柱色谱进行分离纯化, 并根据波谱数据进行结构鉴定。 结果 从异叶三宝木中分离得到8个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定其结构为原儿茶酸甲酯 (1)、3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 (2)、反式对羟基桂皮酸甲酯 (3)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸 (4)、jacareubin (5)、(+)-lyoniresinol (6)、表百麦根苷 (7)和 β-谷甾醇 (8)。结论 以上化合物均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。滤纸片琼脂扩散法表明化合物 5 对于金黄色葡萄球菌 (SA)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)有抑制作用。     

Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function

In traditional practices of Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads to identifying potential new drugs from plant sources, including those for cognitive disorders. Many drugs currently available in Western medicine were originally isolated from plants, or are derived from templates of compounds isolated from plants. Some anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) alkaloids isolated from plants have been investigated for their potential in the treatment of AD, and are now in clinical use. Galantamine, isolated from several plants including Lycoris radiata Herb., which was used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is licensed in the United Kingdom for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Various other plant species have shown pharmacological activities relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders, indicating potential for therapeutic use in disorders such as AD. This article reviews some of the plants and their active constituents that have been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine and TCM for their reputed cognitive-enhancing or antiageing effects. Plants and their constituents with pharmacological activities that may be relevant for the treatment of cognitive disorders, including enhancement of cholinergic function in the central nervous system (CNS), anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, are discussed.     

Ethnic uses, pharmacological and phytochemical profile of genus Grewia

A number of species of genus Grewia have been used as medicinal agents to treat several diseases. This review based on 45 literary sources discusses the current knowledge of traditional uses, chemistry, biological effects, and toxicity of different species of this genus. Triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, flavones, lignans, phenolics, alkaloids, lactones, anthocyanins, flavones, and organic acids have been isolated from various species of this genus. The extracts and preparations from the various plants, which are expectantly safe, exhibited various biological effects, e.g. anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-malarial, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities.     

荚蒾属植物化学成分的研究进展

荚蒾属植物化学成分种类丰富,以vibsane型二萜、环烯醚萜等萜类成分为主,还有黄酮、木脂素、酚类和植物甾醇等成分,药用价值很高,有较大的开发潜力。本文通过查阅和分析相关文献,对荚蒾属植物的化学成分进行全面整理,旨在为该属植物的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

南蛇藤属植物化学成分及活性研究进展

南蛇藤属植物在我国分布广泛，近年来从中分得了多种β-二氢沉香呋喃型倍半萜和friedlane等型三萜，其中一些具有昆虫拒食、抗肿瘤和细胞毒活性。本文综述了近10年来从南蛇藤属植物中分得的化学成分及其活性的研究进展。     

白马骨属植物化学成分和生物活性的研究进展

白马骨属植物在我国资源极为丰富,临床常用于乙肝的治疗,其化学成分类型多样,涉及三萜、木脂素、环烯醚萜苷、醌类、黄酮类、甾体类等,现代药理学研究表明白马骨属植物具有抗乙肝病毒、抑制细菌生长、抗肿瘤、抑制酪氨酸酶活性等多种生物活性,具有良好的研发前景.本文综述了白马骨属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展,为其进一步的研究与开发奠定基础.