膏方十二问

膏方是中医药丸、散、膏、丹、汤五大传统剂型之一，更是彰显中医特色、临床疗效较好的中医治疗剂型，具有便于保存、服用方便、长期治疗、适应性广、无病强身、有病治病等特点，但膏方多系复方、大方，服用时间长，不易灵活调整，处方难度大，唯经医生辨证施治才能获取更大疗效。     

中药膏方在住院患者中应用和调护的体会

中药膏方（亦称膏滋）是以中医药理论为指导,运用辨证施补、个体化调养方法,达到增强机体免疫防病能力的中药传统剂型之一.膏方疗效佳,服用方便,科学服用膏方是保证膏方疗效的至关重要的一个环节.本文就如何做好中药膏方的推广应用与调护进行了探索.     

冬季进补 有“膏”招

正膏方具有有效成分含量高、作用稳定持久、体积小、便于携带、服用方便等特点,作为冬季进补的主要方式之一,膏方进补越来越流行起来冬季已经到了,注重养生的人们都知道,膏方是一个不错的选择。膏方以其剂型为名,中医称之为膏滋或膏剂,属于中医里丸、散、膏、丹、酒、露、汤、锭八种剂型之一。膏方一般由20味左右的中药组成,具有很好的滋补作用。便于携带服用方便膏方进补起源于宋代,盛     

喘证2号膏方治疗慢性心力衰竭体会

膏方,又名膏滋,其历史悠久,是最古老的剂型之一。《黄帝内经》即有对膏剂的记载,主要用以治疗外、伤科疾病。内服膏方具有口感好、作用持久、服用方便、便于保存等特点。滋补药多采用膏剂,具有滋补强身、抗衰延年、治病的作用,涵盖了补虚和疗疾两个方面,特别对慢性病的调治有相对优势,因此深得人心嵋。笔者在临床实践过程中应用膏方治疗慢性心力衰竭,取得良好效果,介绍如下。     

中医三因制宜膏方治未病初探

膏方作为中医丸、散、膏、丹、酒、露、汤、锭八种剂型之一,在中医养生保健治未病领域得到广泛应用。其具有药力缓和、有效成分含量较高、稳定持久、服用方便、易存便携等优点,更适合现代人的生活节奏,是治未病调养的理想推广剂型。但中医膏方治未病,需要医者准确地三因制宜,否则药味繁杂却不能切中病机,效果不佳且增加患者经济负担。     

膏方漫谈

膏方是一种具有营养滋补和治疗预防综合作用的中药方剂。它是在中医理论指导下．以辨证论治为基础，根据病人的体质和病情等综合情况精心组方。将中药饮片反复煎煮，去渣取汁，经蒸发浓缩后，加辅料制成的一种稠厚状半流质或冻状剂型。全部制作过程必须严格经过浸泡、煎煮、浓缩、收膏、存放等工序。因此，膏方可以适合不同体质、不同疾病、不同年龄人群服用。其特点是因人处方、“量身定做”、对证下药。与汤剂相比，能更好地保持药物性能，保存时间长，服用方便。     

齐聪运用膏方治疗不孕症验案1则

正膏方又称膏滋,是将中药饮片反复煎熬,去渣浓缩,加冰糖或蜂蜜收膏而成,是中药丸、散、膏、丹、汤五大剂型之一,具有剂量小、便于久服、服用可口等优点。膏方不仅有滋补强壮的功效,还具有调理脏腑气血阴阳等作用,多用于治疗慢性疾病及虚证。女性因其特有的经、带、胎、产、乳等生理特点,容易耗气伤血,因此膏方用于治疗妇科疾病具有独特的优势。目前膏方在妇科临床上多用于调经、止带及冬令保健滋补,而用于治疗不孕症的报道很少。齐聪教授系上海中医药大学附属曙光医院妇产科     

膏方的临床应用

膏方的含义 膏方又称“煎膏”、“膏滋”，是最古老的中药剂型之一。膏方是属於中医传统治疗慢性病的一种剂型。每年冬至前，即十一月一日至十二月三十日期间，中医师特别善於运用膏方作为冬令进补、扶正驱邪，使疾病达到痊癒的效果。     

膏方调补肺病精要

膏方又称膏滋，是我国传统的滋补、祛除疾病、延年益寿制剂之一。膏方源远流长，调补肺系疾病的膏方可谓良方迭起，如雪梨膏、川贝枇杷膏、两仪膏、蛤蚧膏等，具有补虚扶弱、补中寓治、治中寓补的特点。因其服用方便，具有很好的治疗、调补作用，得到很多人的青睐。肺系疾病膏方的遣方用药．亦应随症加减，量体裁方，注意宜忌。     

中药膏方在调治高血压病中的应用

膏方(膏滋药)是中药传统剂型之一,药性滋润,浓度高、体积小、易保存、服用方便。能滋补强身、抗衰延年、治病纠偏,用于防病治病和养生保健,民间有"冬令进补,来年打虎"之说。膏方具有涵盖补虚和疗疾两方面作用,对慢性病的适应性相对     

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai： chemistry,traditional use and pharmacology

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Russia as a classical adaptogen. Despite extensive studies of classical adaptogens, there are comparatively few reports concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of O. elatus in English. The plant is a potential source of saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenes, and other active compounds. Experimental studies and clinical applications have indicated that O. elatus possesses a number of pharmacological activities, including adaptogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, blood pressure modulating, and reproductive function effects. In this review, the chemistry, safety, and therapeutic potential of O. elatus are summarized and highlighted to encourage the further development of this plant.     

中药注射剂治疗呼吸系统疾病用药分析

在对呼吸系统中药注射剂品种分类的基础上，主要从处方药物组成情况、主治疾病、中医证型以及安全性评价等方面，对用于治疗呼吸系统疾病的中药注射剂品种进行分析和探讨。     

Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and Lentinus edodes enhance 5-fluorouracil-mediated H22 cell growth inhibition

OBJECTIVE： Few studies have investigated the ef- fects produced by combinations of polysaccharides and chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. We hypothesized that a combination of polysaccha- rides （COP） from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake would improve the efficacy of 5-fluoro- uracil （5-FU）-mediated inhibition of H22 cell growth. METHODS： Mice were injected H22 cells and then treated with either 5-FU, polysaccharides from Tri- choloma matsutake （PTM）, polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes （PL）, PTM ＋ PL, 5-FU ＋ PTM, 5-FU ＋ PL, or 5-FU ＋ COR The tumor weight and volume, and splenic CD4 ＋ and CD8 ＋ T cell frequencies, were determined. Additionally, splenic natural killer （NK） cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte （CTL） activities were assessed and the serum levels of tumor necro- sis factor-a （TNF-a）, Interleukin-2 （IL-2）, and Interfer- on-y （IFN-y） were measured. RESULTS： Compared with mice from the control,5-FU, PL, PTM, PTM ＋ PL, 5-FU ＋ PL, and 5-FU ＋ PTM groups, mice treated with 5-FU ＋ COP showed： （a） significantly reduced tumor weight and volume （P〈 0.05）, （b） significantly higher serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-y （P〈0.05）, （c） significantly increased CD4＋ and CD8＋ 1 cell frequencies in the spleen （P〈 0.05）, and （d） significantly increased splenic NK cell and CTL activities （P〈0.05）. The tumor weight and volume in mice treated with 5-FU＋PL or 5-FU＋PTM were significantly reduced compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone （P〈0.05）. Serum levels of TNF-α, 11.-2, and IFN-y, frequencies of CD4 ＋ and CD8＋ T cells in the spleen, and splenic NK and CTL activities were also significantly increased in mice treated with 5-FU＋PL or 5-FU＋PTM compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake could enhance the efficacy of 5-FU-mediated H22 cell growth inhi- bition.     

刘公望运用经方治疗放化疗不良反应验案2则

恶性肿瘤的致死率甚高，源自上皮组织者称为癌，源自间叶非上皮组织者称为肉瘤，二者均病情凶险，预后恶劣。目前肿瘤的治疗有外科手术治疗、放射治疗及化学治疗。在放化疗过程中往往发生毒副作用，导致患者的抵抗力下降，严重时可影响治疗的继续进行。刘公望教授巧用经方治疗放化疗后引起的毒副反应，收效良好。现举医案2则，以飨读者。     

Clinical Application of Yongquan （KI 1）Acupointd

Yongquan （KI 1） is the Jing-Well point of Kidney Meridian of Foot Shaoyin. It can be used to treat many kinds of diseases, such as parietal headache, vertigo and blurred vision, hypopharynx swelling and pain, dry tongue, voice loss, epistaxis, apoplexy and apoplectic sequela, dysufia, ungratifying defecation, epilepsy, syncope, planter fever, palpitations, lower limbs spasm, hypertension, vomiting, infantile convulsion. The author applied Yongquan （KI 1） in clinical practice and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects. Now five cases were introduced as follows.     

Antidepressant-like effect of essential oil of Perilla frutescens in a chronic,unpredictable, mild stress-induced depression model mice

Perilla frutescens（Perilla leaf）, a garnishing vegetable in East Asian countries, as well as a plant-based medicine, has been used for centuries to treat various conditions, including depression. Several studies have demonstrated that the essential oil of P. frutescens（EOPF） attenuated the depressive-like behavior in mice. The present study was designed to test the anti-depressant effects of EOPF and the possible mechanisms in an chronic, unpredictable, mild stress（CUMS）-induced mouse model. With the exposure to stressor once daily for five consecutive weeks, EOPF（3, 6, and 9 mg·kg-1） and a positive control drug fluoxetine（20 mg·kg-1） were administered through gastric intubation to mice once daily for three consecutive weeks from the 3rd week. Open-field test, sucrose consumption test, tail suspension test（TST）, and forced swimming test（FST） were used to evaluate the behavioral activity. The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid（5-HIAA）, in mouse hippocampus were determined by HPLC–ECD. Serum interleukin（IL）-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The results showed that CUMS significantly decreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus, with an increase in plasma IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. CUMS also reduced open-field activity, sucrose consumption, as well as increased immobility duration in FST and TST. EOPF administration could effectively reverse the alterations in the concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA; reduce the IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. Moreover, EOPF could effectively reverse alterations in immobility duration, sucrose consumption, and open-field activity. However, the effect was not dose-dependent. In conclusion, EOPF administration exhibited significant antidepressant-like effects in mice with CUMS-induced depression. The antidepressant activity of EOPF might be related to the relation between alteration of seroto     

Characteristics of Mang Needle Therapy and Its Clinical Application

Mang needle （elongated needle, 芒针） is evolved from the long needle, one kind of nine needles in the ancient times, and is primarily characterized by its long needle-body and its arrival at the deep tissues of the body. However, because of the particularity of the physiology and anatomy of some diseases, direct deep puncturing can＇t reach the due tissues, thus the treatment results are affected. Based upon the deep puncturing of Mang needle and the physiology and anatomy of the human body, professor YANG Zhao-gang, a well-known acupuncturist, has made many improvements and innovations, in his long-term clinical practice, in the manipulations and indications of Mang needle, consequently to establish a series of unique puncturing techniques of Mang needle, which work excellently on some difficult and complicated diseases. This Mang needle therapy is introduced as follows.     

Effect of Zhuyeshigao granule on tumor necrosis factor-a and inter- leukins serum protein levels in rats with radiation esophagitis

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Zhuyesh- igao granule （ZSG） on tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in rats with radiation esophagitis. METHODS： Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divid- ed into five groups （10 rats in each group）： con- trol （without radiation）, saline-treated, and low, medium, and high-dose ISG-treated groups. Rats were given normal saline （10 mL/kg） or 1.15, 2.3, or 4.6 g/kg ZSG by intragastric administration once a day for 7 days. A rat model of radiation esophagi- tis was established by local irradiation of Co60 （490.25 cGy/min, totaling 30 Gy）. The administra- tion of ZSG was continued for another 7 days and on the 7th day post-irradiation, inferior vena cavablood was collected. The serum was separated, and TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, 11_-6, and IL-8 protein levels were determined. RESULTS： Inflammatory response factors were found in the serum of each group. However, levels in ZSG-treated groups were significantly lower than in the saline-treated group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： ZSG may prevent the development of radiation esophagitis, perhaps by inhibiting the generation and release of the inflammatory re- sponse factors TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8.     

Cytological and biochemical studies during the progression of alloxan-induced diabetes and possible protection of an aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer

Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one. This study was designed to evaluate the cytological and biochemical properties, and comparative ameliorating effects, of an aqueous extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl.（Costaceae） leaf and glibenclamide（GBM）, in liver, kidney, and pancreatic injury induced by alloxan. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six weight-matched groups. Group one served as the negative control（non-induced and non-treated, control）, while groups 2–6 were alloxan-induced diabetic groups. Group 2 served as a positive control（induced and non-treated, IC）, groups 3–5 were treated with different doses of the extract（375, 750, and 1 125 mg/kg body weight） and glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight, absolute and relative organ weights, food and fluid intake, levels of serum glucose and liver enzymes and kidney parameters were calculated and compared. Hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells of diabetic rats, in diabetic non-treated and treated rats were harvested and examined histopathologically. There was dose dependent amelioration on the injuries induced by alloxan on both hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells after treatment with Costus afer. The glucose level was reduced significantly in the Costus afer treated diabetic rats compared with the non-treated diabetic group. Costus afer leaves seem to be effective against diabetic cell injury induced in rat liver, kidney, and pancreas.     

Efficacy of Saam acupuncture treatment on improvement of immune cell numbers in cancer patients： a pilot study

OBJECTIVE： To collect preliminary data on the effects of Saam acupuncture with regard to the immunity in cancer patients.METHODS： Ten cancer patients were analyzed for improvements in immunity. Acupuncture was applied at the 5 acupuncture points, Jingqu（LU 8）, Zutonggu（BL 66）, Yanggu（SI 5）, Yangchi（TE 4）, and Zhongwan（CV 12） for 2 weeks with 4 sessions. We assessed the effect of Korean Saam acupuncture on the immune system in cancer patients by measuring particular blood cell subsets, including CD3 ＋,CD4＋, CD8＋, CD19＋, and CD56＋ cells, as well as total white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and fatigue score. The measurement was performed before and after acupuncture and at a 2-week follow-up.RESULTS： There was a statistically significant increase in the number of CD3＋（P=0.023） and CD8＋ cells（P〈0.001） and T-cell subsets, as well as a decrease in the fatigue severity scale（FSS） score（P=0.001） after Saam acupuncture using the 5 acupoints.CONCLUSION： Acupuncture may improve the immune system by increasing the counts of a few immune cells and relieve fatigue in cancer patients by decreasing FSS scores. Although this was a non-controlled study, it constitutes preliminary research investigating the potential effects of Saam acupuncture in increasing the counts of several immune cells in cancer patients.