竞技体育运动生物力学研究现状与趋势

运动生物力学是研究人体运动中力学规律的交叉应用学科,主要研究目的是提高竞技体育运动成绩和预防运动损伤。本文从改进动作技术、改善训练方法和运动装备研究3个方面介绍国内外运动生物力学研究在提高竞技体育运动成绩方面的方法和成果,为提高我国运动生物力学和竞技体育科研水平提供参考。希望今后有更多的运动生物力学研究以提高成绩和预防损伤为目的,借助严谨的研究设计,使用新技术获取更多更准确的人体运动力学数据,促进运动生物力学研究的广度和深度。     

从国家自然科学基金的申请与资助看生物力学的发展

生物力学学科同生命健康和临床医学密切相关,是由力学与生物学、医学等多个学科交叉融合而形成的,是力学学科中重要的二级分支学科。对国家自然科学基金委员会数理科学部2012~2016年度生物力学学科青年科学基金项目和面上项目的申请和资助情况进行介绍,重点分析生物力学的研究方向、研究队伍等情况,并给出促进我国生物力学学科发展的建议。     

我国生物力学研究现状与展望

生物力学是研究生命体运动和变形的学科,通过生物学与力学原理方法的有机结合,认识生命过程的规律,解决生命与健康领域的科学问题。生物力学研究领域最新的主要进展和发展趋势是力学生物学和生物力学建模分析及其临床应用。文中介绍了我国生物力学研究在心血管力学生物学、分子生物力学、骨关节与软组织生物力学、临床医学和康复工程生物力学,以及生物力学在空间生命科学、生物材料、体育运动和生物医学技术中应用与交叉等领域所取得的具有国际水平的新成果。这些研究不仅对于揭示正常机体生长、发育和衰老的机理和自然规律,而且对于阐明机体疾病的发病机理以及提供诊断和治疗的一些基本原理,包括新型药物和新技术的研发,都将有重要的理论和实际意义。展望我国生物力学学科发展,应进一步加强学科交叉融合与交叉创新能力,在解决关键科学问题,明确力学因素在疾病发生发展中作用的同时,要致力于发展相关的新技术新方法,紧密联系临床防病治病,在提出具有生物力学特色的新思路上有所作为,为人类健康事业做出应有的贡献。     

国内生物力学中有限元的应用研究进展

近十年来 ,有限单元法在国内生物力学领域不断获得发展。在方法技术与机理研究、医疗器械评价、临床问题模拟等多个方面 ,能及时跟踪国外研究现状 ,并针对国内的临床实际问题 ,建立了各类仿真模型及开展了相关研究工作。本文对此研究进展情况进行了综述 ,并对其中出现的问题加以分析归纳 ,提出了有关的见解。     

生物力学研究前沿系列

正总主编姜宗来樊瑜波上海交通大学出版社出版生物力学是一个生物学、力学和医学深度交叉融合的学科领域,也是生物医学工程学科的重要组成学科,在人民健康事业中发挥了巨大的作用。"生物力学研究前沿系列"丛书立足世界科技发展前沿,旨在总结和展示近十多年来我国生物力学学科相关研究领域取得的新成果,内容涵盖了生物力学建模仿真与应用、血管力学生物学、细胞分子生物力学、组织修     

有限元分析法在口腔生物力学领域的应用

在口腔医学中存在着大量的生物力学问题,有限元法是对人体的力学行为进行数值模拟的一种有效工具,其在口腔生物力学中的应用越来越广泛。本文综述了有限元法在解决口腔生物力学问题中的研究进展,包括口腔正畸、口腔修复、口腔种植、口腔颌面外科等领域的力学性能评价。有限元法为研究口腔医学中的有关基础性问题、解决口腔医学中的临床实际问题、发展口腔临床技术手段提供了力学基础,为进一步研究口腔疾病治疗方法提供参考和借鉴。指出了有限元法在口腔生物力学中应用的不足以及三维模型重建和分析中需进一步改进和研究的问题。     

北京航空航天大学国际植介入医疗器械转化研究中心招聘启事

北京航空航天大学国际交叉科学研究院国际植介入医疗器械转化研究中心是由学校交叉科学工作领导小组直接领导,致力于研发创新植入和介入医疗器械的科研机构。中心主任为骨生物力学及植入物领域著名科学家、"千人计划"国聘专家     

借鉴国际经验探索中国医疗器械创新发展模式

科技创新是国家和社会发展的最根本动力,医疗科技创新更是与国计民生紧密相关的国家战略。医疗器械产业是我国的战略性新兴产业,借鉴国际经验,探索我国医疗器械科技创新和产业发展的模式问题是新时代的一项重要课题。该研究通过分析国际医疗器械产业现状,深入研究美国斯坦福大学的Biodesign医疗科技创新模式,结合目前我国医疗器械发展现状,从新的时代背景和创新创业的角度出发,探索中国医疗器械创新发展模式,希望为我国医疗科技创新创业的实践提供理论依据。     

论生物医学信号检测研究的学科发展战略

1引言生物医学信号检测技术是生物医学工程学科研究中的一个先导技术,它与生物医学电子学、生物力学、生物材料与人工器官、生物物理化学、生物效应等研究直接相关,并是这些领域研究中带有共性的应用基础研究课题。生物医学检测技术及方法研究的创造性及其进展直接影响医疗器械,尤其是新型诊断及治疗仪器的水平,因而国内外均将该技术的研究放在很重要的地位。生物医学检测技术研究的领域涉及到人机接口技术、低噪声和抗干扰技术、信     

基于科学计量学方法的前交叉韧带损伤预防生物力学研究

目的分析前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤预防的生物力学研究现状、主题及特征,对促进ACL损伤预防及控制具有实际指导意义。方法利用Web of Science、中国知网等数据库,运用科学计量学方法对ACL损伤预防的生物力学研究进行统计分析。结果 ACL损伤预防生物力学研究的逐年累积发文量在总体上较好服从指数增长规律,主要集中在体育科学、矫形学、外科、康复学等学科方向。参与研究的国家中美国位列第一,参与研究的作者中Timothy E.Hewett发文量最大。ACL损伤的生物力学研究主题共分成危险因素及发生率、女性ACL损伤、神经肌肉训练与控制、ACL损伤评估4个类团。结论科研人员需拓宽自己的研究领域,利用国家、地方政府在康复医疗事业引领作用,不断加大生物力学在ACL损伤预防研究的力度。     

基于轻量级神经网络的新冠肺炎CT新型识别技术

目的:为了满足临床新冠肺炎检测的实际需求,提出一种基于轻量级人工神经网络的新冠肺炎CT新型识别技术。方法:首先,选取目前公开的所有新冠肺炎CT图像数据集,经过图像亮度规范化和数据集清洗后作为训练数据,通过大样本提高深度学习的泛化能力;其次,采用GhostNet轻量级网络简化网络参数,使深度学习模型能够在医用计算机上运行,提高新冠肺炎CT诊断的效率;再次,在网络输入中加入肺部区域分割图像,进一步提高新冠肺炎CT诊断的准确性;最后,提出加权交叉熵损失函数减小漏诊率。结果:在本研究构建的数据集上进行测试,所提出方法的精确率、召回率、准确率和F1值分别为83%、96%、90%和88%,且在医用计算机上耗时为236 ms。结论:本研究提出方法的效率和准确性均优于其他对比算法,能较好地适应新冠肺炎诊断的需求。     

COVID-19 mortality as a fingerprint of biological age

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global emergency able to overwhelm the healthcare capacities worldwide and to affect the older generation especially. When addressing the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, it becomes evident that the disease targets pathways and domains affected by the main aging- and frailty-related pathophysiological changes. A closer analysis of the existing data supports a possible role of biological age rather than chronological age in the prognosis of COVID-19. There is a need for systematic, consequent action of identifying frail (not only older, not only multimorbid, not only symptomatic) persons at risk of poor outcomes.     

Can healthy lifestyle reduce disease progression of Alzheimer’s during a global pandemic of COVID-19?

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has pushed the medical system to its breaking point. While the virus does not discriminate, the elderly and those with comorbidities, including hypertension severe obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, pneumonia and dementia, are at a greater risk for adverse outcomes due to COVID-19. While many people navigate their new normal, the question of what the long-lasting effects of the pandemic may be, lingers. To investigate how vulnerable populations are affected by the pandemic, we focused on Alzheimer’s disease, a vector to understanding how the virus has impacted AD progression and risk via aging. By assessing the effect of COVID-19 on AD patients, we explore genetics, metabolism, and lifestyle factors in both COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease that can work synergistically to precipitate adverse outcomes. This article also discusses how age-related conditions and/or age-related comorbidities susceptible to COVID-19. We also discuss possible healthy lifestyle factors reduce and/or combat COVID-19 now and in the future.     

A case series of COVID-19 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Previous studies reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was likely to result in liver injury. However, few studies reported the impacts of COVID-19 on liver function in patients with chronic liver diseases. We aimed to describe a case series of COVID-19 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Confirmed hospitalized COVID-19 patients from hospitals in 10 cities of Jiangsu province, China, were retrospectively included between 18 January 2020 and 26 February 2020. Demographic information, epidemiologic data, clinical features, and treatment data were extracted from medical records. Seven COVID-19 patients with chronic HBV infection were included. Six (85.7%) patients were male. The patients aged from 33 to 49 years. Two patients had HBV-related cirrhosis. One patient (14.3%) was positive for serum HBV e-antigen. On admission, 1 (14.3%) patient had mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (>40 U/L) and 1 (14.3%) had elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (>40 U/L). The serum albumin level and platelet counts were decreased in two patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis. Three (42.9%) patients had elevated ALT level and 2 (28.6%) patients had elevated AST level in hospitalization. However, the peak ALT and AST level during hospitalization was 51 U/L and 44 U/L, respectively. As of 29 February 2020, all patients were discharged. No patient was admitted to the intensive care units or developed liver failure during hospitalization. The abnormalities of liver function are not uncommon on COVID-19 patients with chronic HBV infection in our case series. However, no patient developed severe liver-related complications during hospitalization.     

Patient follow-up after discharge after COVID-19 pneumonia: Considerations for infectious control

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a significant global medical issue, with a growing number of cumulative confirmed cases. However, a large number of patients with COVID-19 have overcome the disease, meeting hospital discharge criteria, and are gradually returning to work and social life. Nonetheless, COVID-19 may cause further downstream issues in these patients, such as due to possible reactivation of the virus, long-term pulmonary defects, and posttraumatic stress disorder. In this study, we, therefore, queried relevant literature concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19 for reference to come to a consensus on follow-up strategies. We found that strategies, such as the implementation of polymerase chain reaction testing, imaging surveillance, and psychological assessments, starting at the time of discharge, were necessary for long-term follow-up. If close care is given to every aspect of coronavirus management, we expect that the pandemic outbreak will soon be overcome.     

Viral hepatitis amidst COVID-19 in Africa: Implications and recommendations

Hepatitis, a significant cause of mortality worldwide, results in around 1.34 million deaths each year globally. Africa is not exempt from the plague of Hepatitis. Around 100 million estimated individuals are infected with Hepatitis B or C. Egypt has the highest prevalence of cases of Hepatitis followed by Cameroon and Burundi. The continent is severely affected by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the virus has added an additional burden on the already fragile continent. With the pandemic, it is presumable that Hepatitis like other viral diseases will pose a threat to collapsing healthcare system. Therefore, for Africa to become more resilient in the face of such menaces, including Hepatitis, further prevention policies are required to be implemented     

The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in patients during COVID-19 outbreak

In this study, we performed a single-centered study of 307 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. It was found that co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus was common during COVID-19 outbreak. And patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus have a higher risk of developing poor outcomes so a detection of both viruses was recommended during COVID-19 outbreak.     

COVID-19 patients benefit from early antiviral treatment: A comparative,retrospective study

The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, started in December 2019, Wuhan, China. We aimed to figure out the time-point and duration of using antiviral drugs for receiving the maximal effects in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we enrolled 129 confirmed COVID-19 mild to moderate patients who had been treated with antiviral drugs during their hospitalization in Wuhan Union Hospital China. The patients were divided into an early antiviral treatment group and late antiviral treatment group. The demographic data, laboratory tests, the virus clearance time, chest computed tomography scans, and so forth were extracted, calculated, and compared between two groups. Our data showed that the median time from illness onset to initiation of antiviral treatment was 6 days in all patients. The group with early antiviral treatment demonstrated 7 days shorter in the virus clearance time when compared to the group with late antiviral treatment. After virus clearance, the group with early antiviral treatment showed milder illness than the group with late antiviral treatment. Early antiviral treatment could effectively shorten the virus clearance time, and prevent the rapid progression of COVID-19. Therefore, the COVID-19 patients should receive combined therapies with antiviral treatment at an early stage.     

Analysis of the Impact of the Coronavirus Disease Epidemic on the Emergency Medical System in South Korea Using the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale

PurposeSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide. Global health systems, including emergency medical systems, are suffering from a lack of medical resources. Using a method for classifying patients visiting the emergency department (ED), we aimed to investigate trends in emergency medical system usage during the COVID-19 epidemic in Korea.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study included patients who visited emergency medical institutions registered with the National Emergency Department Information System database from January 1, 2017 to May 31, 2020. The primary outcome was identification of changes in the distribution of patients visiting the ED according to the type of emergency medical institution. The secondary outcome was a detailed comparison of Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) levels and patient distributions before and during the infectious disaster crisis period.ResultsSevere patients visited regional emergency centers (RECs) and local emergency centers (LECs) more frequently during the COVID-19 period, and disposition status warranting admission to the intensive care unit or resulting in death was more common in RECs and LECs during the COVID-19 period [RECs, before COVID-19: 300686 (6.3%), during COVID-19: 33548 (8.0%) (p<0.001); LECs, before COVID-19: 373593 (3.7%), during COVID-19: 38873 (4.5%) (p<0.001)].ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 period, severe patients were shifted to advanced emergency medical institutions, and the KTAS better reflected severe patients. Patient distribution according to the stage of emergency medical institution improved, and validation of the KTAS triage increased more in RECs.