GNRI联合NLR对老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的预测价值

目的 探讨老年营养风险指数（GNRI）联合中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞（NLR）对老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄（POD）的预测价值。方法 选择老年髋部骨折患者223例，均接受手术治疗，发生POD 51例（POD组）、未发生POD172例（非POD组）。比较两组术前GNRI和NLR。收集老年髋部骨折患者术前基本资料、手术相关资料以及实验室检查资料，采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析老年髋部骨折患者发生POD的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析GNRI、NLR对老年髋部骨折患者POD的预测效能。结果 POD组GNRI低于非POD组，NLR高于非POD组（P均<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄（OR=1.081,95%CI:1.019～1.146）、脑卒中（OR=2.712,95%CI:1.011～7.271）、NLR(OR=1.484,95%CI:1.021～2.156)为老年髋部骨折患者发生POD的独立危险因素（P均<0.05），而GNRI(OR=0.880,95%CI:0.825～0.940)则为其独立保护因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显...     

老年髋部骨折术后心力衰竭相关因素分析

目的探讨影响老年髋部骨折术后发生心力衰竭的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2013年12月在北京市丰盛中医骨伤医院采用手术治疗的老年髋部骨折(年龄≥70岁)患者329例,根据术后是否发生心力衰竭将329例患者分为2组:发生心力衰竭组(n=53)和未发生心力衰竭组(n=276),比较2组患者临床特点。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据处理。组间比较采用χ~2检验。对单因素分析有统计学意义的指标进行多因素logistic回归分析,筛选出独立的危险因素。结果 2组患者性别、手术时机、手术类型、高血压、2型糖尿病、低白蛋白血症差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析结果表明年龄偏大、认知功能障碍、合并冠心病、贫血、术中输血多的髋部骨折患者术后易发生心力衰竭(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明贫血(OR=3.030,95%CI 1.325~6.932;P=0.009)、认知功能障碍(OR=5.707,95%CI1.346~24.097;P=0.018)和并发冠心病(OR=3.653,95%CI 1.444~9.241;P=0.006)是导致老年髋部骨折患者术后发生心力衰竭的独立危险因素。结论贫血、认知功能障碍和并发冠心病是老年髋部骨折术后发生心力衰竭的独立危险因素。     

老年髋部骨折围术期心力衰竭发生的危险因素分析

目的分析老年髋部骨折围术期心力衰竭发生的危险因素。方法从2017年4月至2019年5月期间在我院行手术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者中选择658例,根据其围术期是否发生心力衰竭分为两组,其中552例未发生心力衰竭的患者作为未发生心力衰竭组,而106例发生心力衰竭的患者作为心力衰竭组。对可能引起患者围术期发生心力衰竭的因素进行统计分析,据此分析引起老年髋部骨折围术期心力衰竭发生的危险因素。结果经单因素分析提示,老年髋部骨折患者围术期心力衰竭发生的危险因素主要有患者年龄较大、认知功能较差、合并冠心病、合并贫血、术中输血等。多因素logistic、回归分析提示,引起老年髋骨骨折患者围术期心力衰竭的独立高危因素包括合并贫血、合并认知功能障碍、合并冠心病。结论老年髋部骨折患者围术期心力衰竭的发生是由多种因素共同作用导致的结果,其中合并贫血、合并认知功能障碍、合并冠心病是老年髋部骨折患者围术期心力衰竭发生的独立危险因素。鉴于此,在老年髋部骨折患者手术治疗过程中,准确地评估患者的围术期风险评估,积极治疗患者的基础疾病、控制并发症,降低手术风险,是降低围术期心力衰竭发生率的有效手段。     

老年髋部骨折围术期输血与临床预后的关系

目的研究老年髋部骨折围术期输血与临床预后的关系。方法回顾性地分析解放军总医院2010年～2012年期间连续性收治的所有老年髋部骨折患者,将最低血红蛋白（Hb）〉80g／L的患者按照围术期是否输血分为输血组及未输血组。比较两组患者术后并发症及术后1个月、12个月死亡率差异,分析围术期输血与术后死亡的相关性。结果共纳入931例患者,706（75．8％）例患者接受输血治疗,输血组最低Hb浓度为（105．2±15．4）g／L,未输血组最低Hb浓度为（110．5±16．5）g／L。输血组术后心脑血管并发症发生率明显高于未输血组（7．5％VS3．6％,P=0．037）,两组患者术后感染性并发症及死亡率差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。多因素分析结果显示高龄及低Hb浓度为术后死亡的独立危险因素,而输血并非影响死亡的独立因素。结论高龄和低Hb浓度是老年髋部骨折患者术后死亡的独立危险因素,但围术期输血并不能明显改善患者预后。     

老年髋部骨折患者术后1年脑卒中发生危险因素及预后分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后1年内发生急性脑卒中的危险因素及对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月我院收治老年髋部骨折患者278例, 男101例, 女177例, 年龄60～99岁, 平均(78.9±8.7)岁;根据患者术后1年内是否发生急性脑卒中, 分为脑卒中组和非脑卒中组, 通过多因素Logistic回归分析老年髋部骨折患者术后1年内急性脑卒中的危险因素, 并分析预后。结果术后1年内共28例(10.1%)发生脑卒中, 术后3个月是脑卒中发生高峰, 脑卒中组患者年龄大, 伤前合并高血压、心律失常、脑卒中病史、使用抗凝或抗血小板药物比率高(均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析提示高龄(OR=1.078, 95%CI=1.007～1.153, P=0.030)、男性(OR=2.643, 95%CI=1.060～6.742, P=0.037)、既往脑卒中病史(OR=12.202, 95%CI=4.662～31.940, P<0.001)是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年发生脑卒中的独立危险因素;脑卒中组患者术后1年病死率、并发症发生率和再入院率(均P&l...     

手术室复合保温干预联合风险护理对老年高血压髋部骨折患者术中血压控制及并发症发生率的影响

目的 探讨手术室复合保温干预联合风险护理对老年高血压髋部骨折患者术中血压控制及并发症发生率的影响。方法 从2019年1月至2022年8月在我院行手术治疗的老年高血压髋部骨折患者中选取60例,根据就诊顺序编号（1～60号）,单号纳入对照组（n=30）,予以手术室常规护理干预,双号纳入观察组（n=30）,在常规护理基础上予以手术室复合保温干预联合风险护理。分别于手术开始前及术中测量收缩压及舒张压水平,记录术中及术后并发症发生情况,并于出院前1d评估患者的护理满意度。结果 手术开始前,两组血压水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;术中,观察组收缩压及舒张压下降幅度明显小于对照组（P <0.05）。并发症发生率比较,观察组3.33%比对照组的26.67%低（P <0.05）。观察组护理满意度明显高于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 老年高血压髋部骨折患者手术中实施手术室复合保温干预联合风险护理,能够有效稳定患者术中血压水平,降低并发症发生率,提高患者护理满意度。     

C-反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对老年髋部骨折患者短期预后的影响

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者术前血清C-反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CRP/Alb)在预测老年髋部骨折患者术后1年内死亡的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年8月,在中国人民解放军中部战区总医院骨科接受手术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者临床资料。根据患者术后1年内是否死亡分为存活组和死亡组。采用多元logistic回归分析筛选出老年髋部骨折患者术后1年内死亡的独立危险因素;并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和Kaplan-Meier法分析CRP/Alb对老年髋部骨折患者不良预后的评估价值。结果共165例患者纳入最终研究,术后1年内累计死亡率为20.61%。单因素分析结果显示,死亡组年龄、红细胞分布宽度、CRP、CRP/Alb、合并慢性肺部疾病比例和ASA分级均明显高于存活组,Alb明显低于存活组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示CRP/Alb(OR=2.472,95%CI 1.100～5.554)是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年内死亡的重要危险因素。CRP/Alb预测老年髋部骨折不良预后的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.949(95%CI 0.915～0.984,P0.001),均明显高于CRP或Alb单指标预测。当CRP/Alb取3.05为最佳截断点时,将患者分为CRP/Alb高比值组(n=37)和低比值组(n=128),CRP/Alb高比值组患者生存期明显低于低比值组,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=48.607,P0.001)。结论 CRP/Alb是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年内死亡的独立危险因素,CRP/Alb比值可作为预测不良临床结局的有效指标。     

老年髋部骨折患者术前血清白蛋白及淋巴细胞总数改变对其预后的影响

目的：探讨术前血清白蛋白（ALB）及淋巴细胞总数（TLC）改变对老年髋部骨折预后的影响。方法回顾性地分析2006年7月至2010年12月在解放军总医院行手术治疗老年髋部骨折的640例患者的临床资料。分别于入院时检测ALB和TLC。临床随访指标包括患者住院时间、住院并发症、住院死亡率、术后3个月死亡率、术后12个月死亡率。将所得资料行多因素统计分析,评价ALB和TLC的变化对患者预后的临床意义。结果640例患者中低ALB患者283例（44.2%）,低TLC患者435例（68%）。ALB和TLC均低于正常值者,术后并发症发生率为13.3%,住院死亡率、术后3个月死亡率、术后1年死亡率分别为4.2%、6.7%、16.7%,均明显高于其他各组（P＜0.05）。多因素分析显示ALB及TLC可作为老年髋部骨折患者死亡风险的预测因素。结论老年髋部骨折患者入院时营养不良可预测术后不良临床结局, ALB及TLC可以作为患者营养不良及不良临床结局的预测因素。     

老年髋部骨折患者低氧血症情况及相关危险因素

目的 探讨老年髋部骨折患者入院时低氧血症情况及相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2017年5月至2019年3月于北京积水潭医院急诊科就诊的1599例老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料。根据氧合指数将患者分为低氧血症组(n=248)和非低氧血症组(n=1351)。根据有无肺部疾病和低氧血症,将患者分为4组:有肺部疾病且低氧血症组(A组,n=136),有肺部疾病且无低氧血症组(B组,n=362),无肺部疾病且低氧血症组(C组,n=112),无肺部疾病且无低氧血症组(D组,n=989)。收集患者一般资料。采用SPSS 24.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。根据数据类型,组间比较采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析或χ²检验。采用二分类多因素logistic回归分析老年髋部骨折患者发生低氧血症的危险因素。结果 老年髋部骨折患者在急诊就诊时,约15.5%(248/1599)的患者存在低氧血症。与非低氧血症组相比,低氧血症组患者年龄更大、肺部疾病[54.8%(136/248)和26.8%(362/1351)]及心肌损伤[5.6%(14/248) 和 1.7%(23/1351)]发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。2组患者骨折发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。排除肺部疾病因素后,A组较B组患者年龄更大,股骨颈骨折发生率[66.9%(91/136) 和 47.8%(173/362)]更高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。C组较D组患者D-二聚体水平及股骨颈骨折发生率[62.5%(70/112) 和 52.2%(516/989)]更高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,高龄、高D-二聚体水平、股骨颈骨折和肺部疾病是老年髋部骨折患者发生低氧血症的危险因素(OR=1.04,1.01,2.04,2.97;均P＜0.05)。结论 高龄、高D-二聚体水平、股骨颈骨折和肺部疾病是老年髋部骨折患者发生低氧血症的危险因素。合并低氧血症的老年髋部骨折患者,更易发生心肌损伤,可能会增加心血管不良事件。     

老年髋部骨折围术期风险及术后1年效果评估

目的：了解老年髋部骨折患者围术期情况及术后1年结局并探讨进一步降低手术风险、提高手术疗效的可能措施。方法回顾性地分析复旦大学附属华东医院2010年1月～12月因髋部骨折住院并施行手术治疗的老年患者234例（年龄≥60岁）,通过病史查阅及电话随访,记录患者年龄、性别、髋部骨折类型、手术前后营养状况（BMI、血浆白蛋白水平、血红蛋白水平）、日常生活能力、认知功能、主要伴发疾病、手术方式、麻醉方式、术后并发症等。结果（1）老年人占髋部骨折总数92.36%（278/301）,女性多于男性。（2）术前身体状况多处于ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级之间,认知功能多在正常或轻度减退,心功能多在NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级;术前主要营养指标均处于正常值低限;高血压病、心血管病、糖尿病、神经系统疾病、慢性支气管炎、肺部感染等是常见伴发疾病。（3）术后30d及1年的死亡率分别为2.99%和13.68%;术后生活自理能力完全恢复、部分恢复及无改善的患者各占64.32%,25.55%和10.13%;骨折类型、骨折前患者BMI、手术类型、术后并发症及术前身体状况对手术效果具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。结论老年髋部骨折应及时进行手术治疗,充分进行多学科评估和术前准备,选择合适的手术及麻醉方式,加强围术期管理,降低术后潜在并发症。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.     

Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged-red Fibers with Intranuclear Inclusions

We herein report a case of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) harboring a novel variant in mitochondrial cysteine transfer RNA (MT-TC). A 68-year-old woman presented with progressive myoclonic epilepsy with optic atrophy and peripheral neuropathy. A skin biopsy revealed p62-positive intranuclear inclusions. No mutations were found in the causative genes for diseases known to be related to intranuclear inclusions; however, a novel variant in MT-TC was found. The association between intranuclear inclusions and this newly identified MERRF-associated variant is unclear; however, the rare complication of intranuclear inclusions in a patient with typical MERRF symptoms should be noted for future studies.