Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the parotid gland

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the major salivary glands is rare and can simulate a slow growing tumour. It is pseudoencapsulated and includes tubuloacinar adenosis with dilated ducts, apocrine metaplasia, epithelial hyperplasia, and cystic changes associated with fibrosis. The histological appearance of the lesion is similar to that of fibrocystic disease of the breast. The multifocal nature of the lesion makes its management difficult. We report a case of sclerosing polycystic adenosis in a 45-year-old white woman.     

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma (SMEC) with eosinophilia is a rare but distinctive tumor usually affecting the thyroid. SMEC involvement of salivary gland is exceptional, with only six cases in the literature. We present here the first case of an intermediate-grade SMEC, arising from the intraoral minor salivary glands. A particularly interesting finding is the cytoplasmic accumulation of eosinophilic hyaline granules in carcinoma cells, similar to aberrant zymogen-like granules previously described in salivary sclerosing polycystic adenosis.     

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of minor salivary glands: report of three cases and review of the literature

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPCA) of the salivary gland is a rarely encountered lesion of uncertain pathogenesis that shares histologic features with sclerosing adenosis and fibrocystic disease of the mammary gland. To date, fewer than 40 cases of SPCA have been reported in the literature; all but one have arisen in the major salivary glands. We report 3 cases of SPCA involving minor salivary glands and discuss the characteristic histopathologic features of SPCA , which include a combination of fibrosis, tubuloacinar proliferation, and cystic change with retention of a somewhat lobular architecture. We also provide a review of contemporary relevant literature. Given that SPCA has been mistaken for malignant salivary gland neoplasia, a familiarity with the entity is critical. Three new cases of SPCA involving minor glands are added to 1 existing case in the literature to raise awareness of the lesion and to reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis.     

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the parotid gland

ABSTRACT: Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is an uncommon salivary gland lesion similar to fibrocystic disease and adenosis of the mammary glands. To our knowledge, 51 cases of SPA have been reported in the literature to date. Sclerosing polycystic adenosis is well circumscribed, yet not encapsulated, and has sclerotic and irregularly defined lobules composed of abundant hyalinized collagen with ductal, acinar hyperplasia and areas of apocrine metaplasia. Focal cystic spaces within a dense fibrotic stroma are also characteristic features of this lesion. Most of the known cases occurred mainly in the parotid gland. In this article, we describe a case of SPA occurring in the parotid gland of a 47-year-old male patient.     

WHO is in and WHO is out of the mouth,salivary glands,and jaws sections of the 4th edition of the WHO classification of head and neck tumours

This review of changes to the 4th edition of the WHO classification of head and neck tumours focuses on their impact on the surgical care of diseases that affect the salivary glands, jaws, and oral cavity. Updates to the chapter on the salivary glands include the addition of secretory carcinoma and sclerosing polycystic adenosis. The odontogenic cysts are back, and the odontogenic keratocyst is listed among them, as it has now lost its brief and confusing designation as a neoplasm. The newly-defined sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and primordial odontogenic tumour have been added. Oropharyngeal tumours have been separated from those of the oral cavity, which reflects the importance of HPV in carcinoma of the tonsils. The problems of grading oral epithelial dysplasia persist.     

涎腺腺样囊性癌嗜神经侵袭分子机制的研究进展

涎腺腺样囊性癌是发生于涎腺的一种非常常见的恶性肿瘤,其重要特质是嗜神经侵袭,这一特质是其在临床手术中很难被彻底切除的重要原因之一;部分肿瘤细胞的残留易导致肿瘤术后复发,成为临床治疗的一大难题。因此,深入探讨涎腺腺样囊性癌嗜神经侵袭这一特性的分子机制对克服这一难题具有重要意义,本文就涎腺腺样囊性癌嗜神经侵袭分子机制的研究进展作一综述。     

Iodine-125 brachytherapy for the treatment of a large parotid epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in a child

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) in the salivary glands is rare. Tumours originating from salivary glands are also rare in children. Radical resection is the main treatment used for EMC in salivary glands. However, this surgery is commonly associated with functional and/or cosmetic deficits. There is also a high percentage of local recurrence after a tumourectomy. We present a typical case of recurrent EMC in the left parotid gland of an 8-year-old girl. The patient was treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy. At the 2-month follow-up, the tumour size was reduced by 80%, and at 1 year, no tumour tissue was detected on positron emission tomography/computed tomography. At the 6-year follow-up, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was found and no complications had occurred. Iodine-125 brachytherapy is a potentially appropriate alternative treatment for EMC in the salivary glands, especially for paediatric patients.     

2456例唾液腺肿瘤临床病理分析

目的探讨唾液腺肿瘤的发病、病理类型等临床特点。方法收集中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院口腔颌面外科1973年1月至2018年12月间确诊的唾液腺肿瘤病例2456例患者的相关资料,回顾分析其性别、年龄、病理类型、发病部位、良恶性构成比等特点。结果46年间收治的唾液腺肿瘤患者2456例,女性比例占41.9%,男性占58.1%,40~60岁年龄段为发病高峰,其中良性肿瘤1863例(75.9%),恶性肿瘤593例(24.1%),良恶性之比为3.1∶1。良性肿瘤构成比前2位是多形性腺瘤(58.7%)、Warthin瘤(33.6%),恶性肿瘤构成比前2位是黏液表皮样癌(27.7%)、腺样囊性癌(26.1%)。最常见的良性肿瘤多形性腺瘤的好发部位是腮腺、腭部、颌下腺,而恶性肿瘤中粘液表皮样癌则常见于腮腺和腭部的小唾液腺。本组资料中唾液腺肿瘤发病呈逐年递增的趋势,近10年病例占总病例数的53.3%。结论唾液腺肿瘤病人数量逐年增加;唾液腺肿瘤的总发生率男性高于女性;大唾液腺以良性肿瘤为主,小唾液腺恶性肿瘤多见;多形性腺瘤、Warthin瘤、黏液表皮样癌最常见;40~60岁是唾液腺良、恶性肿瘤高发年龄段。     

Comparing human and mouse salivary glands: A practice guide for salivary researchers

Mice are a widely utilized in vivo model for translational salivary gland research but must be used with caution. Specifically, mouse salivary glands are similar in many ways to human salivary glands (i.e., in terms of their anatomy, histology, and physiology) and are both readily available and relatively easy and affordable to maintain. However, there are some significant differences between the two organisms, and by extension, the salivary glands derived from them must be taken into account for translational studies. The current review details pertinent similarities and differences between human and mouse salivary glands and offers practical guidelines for using both for research purposes.     

Dnmt1和Dnmt3b在唾液腺黏液表皮样癌中的表达及意义

目的： 探讨DNA 甲基转移酶（DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt）在唾液腺黏液表皮样癌（mucoepidermoid carcinoma,MEC）中的表达及意义。方法： 选取2010 年1 月—2013 年9 月间中国医科大学附属盛京医院口腔颌面外科手术切除的唾液腺术后的标本43例,正常唾液腺组织17例,应用免疫组织化学和蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）方法检测正常组织及MEC组织中Dnmt1和Dnmt3b 的表达。采用SPSS22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果： Dnmt1在MEC组织中的阳性表达率为37.21%,与正常唾液腺组织的17.65%相比,差异无显著性（P>0.05）;Dnmt3b在MEC组织中的阳性表达率为83.72%,显著高于正常唾液腺组织的11.76%（P<0.01）;但两者的高表达与临床病理参数之间无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论： Dnmt3b在唾液腺MEC 的发生中可能发挥一定作用。     

The molecular basis of salivary gland involvement in graft--vs.--host disease

During the past two decades, the involvement of salivary glands in graft vs. host disease (GVHD) had been intensively researched and published. GVHD occurs in 40-70% of patients treated with bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), and improved survival rates have led to a continuously increasing number of GVHD patients suffering from induced salivary insult. Limited studies suggest that a large percentage of GVHD patients is affected and that the induced salivary dysfunction occurs rapidly following the transplantation. It affects both major and minor salivary glands and reflects the severity of the disease. Moreover, profound sialochemical alterations may be diagnostic of GVHD. An additional reason for this vast research is that GVHD, as an autoimmune-like disease, seemed to be an appropriate model for studying a much more prevalent and well-known and well-studied autoimmune disease involving salivary glands: Sj?gren's syndrome. The purpose of the current review-which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first of its kind-is to describe the GVHD-related sialometric and sialochemical data published in the past two decades for both major and minor salivary glands and to discuss the pathogenesis and molecular basis of the disease.     

影响涎腺粘液表皮样癌术后复发的临床病理因素分析

目的 探讨影响涎腺粘液表皮样癌病人术后复发的临床病理因素。方法 回顾经本院手术并获得五年以上随访或不足五年而出现复发的涎腺粘波表皮样癌77例，对各项临床病理指标进行单因素似然比检验及多因素Logistic回归分析，资料的统计学处理全部通过SPSS软件完成。结果 本组涎腺粘液表皮样癌术后复发有其自身的特点。在单因素分析中，性别、分化程度、原发灶的处理方式、小涎腺粘液表皮样癌侵犯骨的处理等因素均与术后复发相关。性别、分化程度、原发灶的处理方式做为影响术后复发的主要因素进入Logistic回归方程，所得回归方程对术后复发的分类能力可达84．4％。结论 性别、分化程度、原发灶的处理方式是影响涎腺粘液表皮样癌术后复发的主要因素。     

Responses of salivary glands to intake of soft diet

BackgroundModernization has made individuals prefer processed and cooked foods (soft food), but this eating habit may have negative effects on the oral cavity. However, laboratory animals fed with soft diet are commonly used in an attempt to clarify this issue, and various oral tissues, including the salivary glands have been examined. In this review, we summarize the findings of previous studies concerning the responses of salivary glands to daily intake of soft diet.HighlightThe weight of the parotid glands decreased in rodents fed with soft diet (liquid or powder). In atrophic parotid glands, acinar cell shrinkage is histologically observed and the DNA content is reduced, showing that the atrophy is caused by a decrease in the size and number of acinar cells. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that the decrease in the acinar cell number was induced by suppression of acinar cell proliferation and acceleration of apoptosis. The atrophic parotid glands recovered following a change from soft to pellet diet. Other salivary glands, such as the submandibular, sublingual, and palatine glands, responded only slightly to the soft diet feeding.ConclusionAccumulated research data showed that a soft diet negatively affects the parotid glands much more than other salivary glands and that atrophic parotid glands are able to recover by switching to a hard diet. Therefore, it should be emphasized that good eating habits are important for not only digestion but also the health of oral tissues, including the salivary glands.     

Ultrastructural study of the histogenesis of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma

This electronmicroscope study of the histogenesis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma is based on 15 cases from the major and minor salivary glands. Six major cell types were identified: undifferentiated (cuboid) stem cells, intermediate (columnar) cells, serous/mucoid secretory cells, mucus-producing goblet cells, squamous/epidermoid cells and myoepithelium. It is proposed that undifferentiated stem cells serve as pluripotential reserves which give rise to the various cell types seen in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Reserve cells in the acinar-intercalated duct components of the salivary glands appeared to give rise to the serous/mucoid and myoepithelial cell populations of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Reserve cells in the proximal ducts system (intra/extralobular striated ducts and excretory ducts) differentiated into myoepithelium, intermediate (columnar) cells, squamous/epidermoid and mucus-producing goblet cell lines. It is proposed that neoplastic reserve cells give rise to different tumor types in the salivary glands. These types result from varying admixtures and arrangements of tumor cells at different stages of their structural and functional cytodifferentiation from reserve cells. It is further proposed that neoplastic reserve cells differentiate along similar cell lines as the embryonic "stem cells" in the development of normal salivary glands.     

肝素酶在唾液腺腺样囊性癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨肝素酶在唾液腺腺样囊性癌中的表达及与肿瘤的临床病理及生物学行为的关系。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测35例唾液腺腺样囊性癌和正常腺体中肝素酶的表达。结果35例腺样囊性癌标本中肝素酶表达阳性为32例,阳性率为91.4%。肝素酶的表达主要位于胞膜及胞质。在实性型以及神经侵袭的标本中表达增强(P<0.05),但其表达强度与性别、年龄无关。肝素酶在正常腺体内没有表达。结论肝素酶的表达与腺样囊性癌的侵袭以及预后关系密切。     

下颌下腺涎石病伴发黏液表皮样癌1例报告

黏液表皮样癌是最常见的唾液腺恶性肿瘤之一,最常发生于腮腺（约占2/3）,其次为腭部、小唾液腺（特别是磨牙后腺）及下颌下腺,而发生于由涎石病导致的慢性炎性下颌下腺者极为罕见。本文报告1例发生于慢性炎性下颌下腺中的黏液表皮样癌病例,并对其诊断和治疗方法进行讨论。     

Multiple suppurative cystic lesions of the lips and buccal mucosa: a case of suppurative stomatitis glandularis

Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare inflammatory salivary gland disease that usually affects the lips. Although the etiology of CG is still unknown, it is believed to be a hereditary disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Three clinical presentations of CG are described in the literature: simple, superficial suppurative, and deep suppurative. A case of deep suppurative CG that extended to the buccal mucosa has been previously reported as suppurative stomatitis glandularis (SSG). Here we report a case of SSG in a 64-year-old white female with a history of bilateral renal transplants for adult polycystic kidney disease, who presented with painful swollen lips and bilateral buccal mucosal lesions. The diagnosis and management of the case is discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of SSG, a rare condition affecting the minor salivary glands in the oral cavity.     

涎腺腺样囊性癌中端粒酶RNA的表达

目的　研究人端粒酶RNA(hTR)在涎腺腺样囊性癌 (adenoidcysticcarcinoma;ACC)中的表达 ,探讨hTR与细胞增殖之间的关系及其临床意义。方法　采用原位杂交和免疫组化技术检测 19例涎腺ACC和 4例正常涎腺组织标本。结果　涎腺ACC组织中hTR表达显著增高 ( P <0 .0 0 1)且与病理分型有关 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,hTR表达与PCNA表达间呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　hTR表达可能和涎腺组织增殖恶变有关     

Vascular endothelial growth factor in minor salivary glands: effect of ageing

Morphological and physiological age changes are described in human salivary glands. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is neoangiogenic growth factor found in normal salivary glands. Considering the neoangiogenic properties of VEGF and its important function in inflammation, repair and, probably, in oral mucosa homeostasis, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ageing on the immunolocalization of VEGF in minor salivary glands. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks containing normal labial salivary glands were retrieved and classified according to the patients' age in two groups (< 20 and > 40-year-old). The biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase system was used to detect the VEGF antigen. The results demonstrated that the mean level of VEGF immunoreaction in the young group was not statistically different from the old group when compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test (P = 0.54). This may indicate that although salivary flow reduction may develop in old patients, some properties of the salivary glands may not be affected.