Accelerating flap maturation by vascular endothelium growth factorin a rat tube flap model.

The effect of exogenous vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) on the survival of the distal skin paddle with early pedicle division was studied in a rat tubed pedicle flap model. In part I, tubed pedicle skin flaps were created on the backs of 14 rats. The pedicle was divided after an interval of 3, 4, 5 or 7 days, and the survival area of each distal skin paddle was measured 5 days after the pedicle was divided. The percentages of survival were 0, 24.9%, 89.9% and 100%, respectively. In part II, tube flaps were created in 20 rats. In the experimental group, 2 ml of VEGF (50 microg ml(-1)) was injected into the recipient bed during tube flap creation in each rat. In the control group, 2 ml of saline was given. The tubed pedicle was divided 4 days after creation. The mean survival area of the distal skin paddle in the group treated with VEGF was 7.32 +/- 1.36 cm(2) (80.91%) at 5 days after pedicle division, which was of statistical significance when compared with the survival in the control group of 2.70 +/- 1.89 cm(2) (27.9%). The histology showed angiogenesis at the skin paddle-recipient bed interface following VEGF injection. These results demonstrate that the subcutaneous administration of VEGF into the recipient bed of the tube flap transfer can induce angiogenes is at the junction between the donor and the recipient bed, and improve skin paddle survival with early pedicle division.     

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the survival of random pattern skin flaps in nicotine-treated rats

Previous studies have shown that nicotine increases the risk of necrosis in skin flaps. We investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)) treatment on the survival of random skin flaps in nicotine-treated rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups with eight rats in each group. Group 1 (n=8) was the control, group 2 (n=8) received HBO(2) treatment without being exposed to nicotine, group 3 (n=8) received nicotine and group 4 (n=8) received HBO(2) treatment with exposure to nicotine. The rats in the nicotine-treated groups were prepared by treating them with nicotine for 28 days. At the end of the 28th day, standard McFarlane-type random skin flaps were lifted from the backs of all the rats. In groups 2 and 4, HBO(2) treatment started at the 30th min following the surgery and continued once a day for 7 days. The flap survival rates and histopathological evaluation results related to neovascularisation and granulation tissue formation were significantly better in the HBO(2)-treated groups (groups 2 and 4) than in the groups that did not receive HBO(2) treatment (groups 1 and 3) (p < 0.05). The flap survival rates, neovascularisation and granulation tissue formation were highest in group 2 and lowest in group 3 (p ≤ 0.001). No significant difference was observed between group 4, which received HBO(2) treatment with nicotine exposure, and the control group (group 1) (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that HBO(2) treatment has a positive effect on flap survival in nicotine-treated rats.     

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on reperfusion of ischemic axial skin flaps: a laser Doppler analysis.

This study evaluates the microvascular reperfusion of ischemic skin flaps with and without acute hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Thirty-two axial pattern epigastric skin flaps (3 x 6 cm) in male Wistar rats were subjected to 8 hours of global ischemia by pedicle clamp occlusion. The rats were divided into the following control and two experimental groups: Control (n = 12) with ischemia, no HBO; Group 1 (n = 11) with HBO treatment (three 1.75-hour dives, 2.5 absolute atm, 100% O2) during ischemia; and Group 2 (n = 9) with HBO treatment (two 1.75-hour dives) immediately after ischemia. Laser Doppler flows were recorded in two distal standardized flap locations at 0.5, 2, 4, and 18 hours after reperfusion in control rats and Group 1 rats and at 18 hours only in Group 2 rats, using a Med-Pacific 6000 laser Doppler unit. Mean distal flap laser Doppler flows (mV) were Control: 0.5 hours = 23.2 +/- 11.9, 2 hours = 52.8 +/- 27.3, 4 hours = 53.6 +/- 32.1, 18 hours = 40.2 +/- 36.2; Group 1: 0.5 hours = 71.8 +/- 30.9 (p less than 0.05 vs. control), 2 hours = 74.3 +/- 27.3, 4 hours = 67.4 +/- 20.6, 18 hours = 79.1 +/- 40.3 (p less than 0.05 vs. control); and Group 2: 18 hours = 90.3 +/- 47.9 (p less than 0.05 vs. control). It is concluded that acute HBO treatment of ischemic rat skin flaps improves distal microvascular perfusion as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. This effect is observed for HBO treatment given either during or immediately after prolonged global ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the effect of exogenous VEGF on survival of a random flap in the rat.

The induction of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in the skin flap with ischemic injury and the effect of exogenous VEGF on survival of the ischemic skin flap were studied in rats. A dorsal flap model (3x10 cm(2)) was used in this study. In Part I, biopsies were taken from the flap at 2.5, 5.5, and 8.5 cm distances from the distal edge at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after the flaps were sutured. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and VEGF(165) protein level were measured. In Part II, exogenous VEGF (1 microg/ml) was injected subdermally into the flaps in 14 rats before the flaps were replaced. Flaps that received a saline injection were used as the controls. The skin paddle survival was measured on postoperative day five. The results showed that the MDA level in the distal part of the flap significantly increased at 24 h postoperatively when compared to MDA in other parts of the flap. However, VEGF levels in the distal part of the flap significantly decreased when compared to the middle part of the flap. Subdermal injection of exogenous VEGF to the distal area of the flap could significantly improve survival of the distal flap (89% of total skin paddle) when compared to the control, which had a 64% mean percent survival. We conclude that production of endogenous VEGF protein is significantly increased in the skin flap with mild ischemia, but decreased in the flap with severe ischemia. Administration of exogenous VEGF could significantly enhance survival of ischemic flaps.     

Efficacy of steroids and hyperbaric oxygen on survival of dorsal skin flaps in rats

This study was designed to determine if steroids improved skin flap survival in rats, and if steroids and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) showed an additive beneficial effect. Cranially based, 3 x 9 cm dorsal skin flaps were raised in 60 adult rats. All animals received either intramuscular methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) or an equal volume of intramuscular saline solution placebo 24 hours and 1 hour before, and 24 hours and 48 hours after, flap elevation. Treatment for animals receiving HBO was begun within 5 hours after flap elevation. The regimen consisted of two 90-minute treatments of 100% oxygen at 2.4 atm separated by 5-hour intervals or room air per day for 3 consecutive days. The 60 rats were divided equally into four treatment groups, as follows: group A, flap elevation alone (control); group B, flap plus steroids; group C, flap plus HBO; and group D, flap plus steroids plus HBO. Surviving flap length was measured by visual inspection 7 days after flap elevation. The mean surviving flap length for group A was 4.9 cm, for group B it was 6.4 cm, for group C it was 6.7 cm, and for group D it was 6.5 cm. The approximately 30% to 36% improvement in surviving flap length was highly statistically significant (p less than 0.006) when compared with controls. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the three treatment modalities. These findings indicate that in a rat dorsal skin flap model, perioperative steroids improve skin flap viability, and that steroids alone are as efficacious as HBO and as steroids combined with HBO.     

Improvement of skin paddle survival by application of vascular endothelial growth factor in a rat TRAM flap model

The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on skin flap survival and its ability to induce a pharmacological delay by promoting angiogenesis in a flap was studied in a rat transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, using a 3 x 8-cm skin paddle with the inferior epigastric vessels as its main vascular supply. Forty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In group 1, VEGF was injected into the femoral vein after the flap was elevated. In group 2, VEGF was injected intra-arterially into the flap through the superior epigastric artery after the flap was elevated. In group 3, VEGF was injected into the subcutaneous fascial layer in the area where the flap would be dissected, and the flap was then raised 7 days after injection. In group 4, the flap was dissected and replaced, using saline injection as the control. On postoperative day 5, the survival area of each skin paddle was measured and the flap was harvested for histological analysis. The results showed that the mean survival area +/- standard deviation for the skin paddle was 6.82 +/- 4.89 cm2 (28.4 +/- 20.4% of the whole skin paddle) in the control group, and 4.2 +/- 3.0 cm2 (17.5 +/- 12.5%) and 6.02 +/- 5.97 cm2 (25.1 +/- 24.9%) in the groups with VEGF systemic and intra-arterial administration respectively. The skin survival area in the group with preoperative subcutaneous administration of VEGF was 17.85 +/- 2.88 cm2 (74.4 +/- 12%), which was significantly higher than the other three groups (p < 0.01). Histological semiquantitative analysis showed increased neovascularization in the flap treated with VEGF preoperatively. The data demonstrate that preoperative treatment with VEGF can induce angiogenesis and enhance skin paddle survival in a musculocutaneous flap.     

一氧化氮合酶和CD34在狭长窄蒂随意型皮瓣中表达与皮瓣成活的关系

目的通过在猪背部设计一定宽长比例的狭长窄蒂所携带不同大小的几组随意型皮瓣,在术后不同时间测定各组皮瓣内一氧化氮合酶（nitri coxide synthase,NOS）和CD34的表达量,并观察皮瓣的成活面积,揭示NOS、CD34表达量与皮瓣成活的关系,以探讨狭长窄蒂皮瓣的成活机制。方法在5只白色实验猪的两侧背部均形成蒂部宽长比皆为2：4的狭长窄蒂皮瓣各5个,其面积分别为2cm×2cm、3cm×3cm、4cm×4cm、5cm×5cm、6cm×6cm,并依次命名为A、B、C、D、E皮瓣。其中A瓣为对照瓣。术后对皮瓣进行大体观察,并分别于术中即刻、术后3、5、7、14d切取皮瓣远端外侧缘组织块,用于测定皮瓣内NOS、CD34表达量,术后14d计算皮瓣存活面积。结果A、B、C组皮瓣NOS、CD34的表达量随皮瓣面积的增大逐步升高,皮瓣完全存活（P〈0．05）;D、E组皮瓣当皮瓣面积达到一定限度时,NOS、CD34表达餐不再随皮瓣面积的增大而升高,表达相对恒定,皮瓣远端部分坏死（P〉0．05）。结论任意型皮瓣的成活与蒂的宽长比没有直接关系。一定宽长比例的狭长窄蒂所携带的随意皮瓣成活面积有其一定限度。     

Beneficial effect of hyperbaric oxygen on island flaps subjected to secondary venous ischemia

The potential for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) to decrease the untoward effects of a secondary ischemic event was studied in the rat superficial epigastric flap model. The secondary venous ischemic flap was created by cross-clamping the vascular pedicles for 2 h. Twenty-four hours later, the flap was reelevated and the venous pedicle was occluded for 5 h. Thirty-two rats were divided into three groups. In experimental group 1, animals received HBO treatment immediately prior to the initial flap elevation and ischemia at 2 atmosphere pressures for 90 min. In experimental group 2, the rats underwent a similar course except for a second 90-min HBO course immediately prior to the secondary venous occlusion. The rats without HBO therapy were used as controls. The results showed that all control flaps were nonviable at 1 week by clinical inspection and fluorescein injection. Complete flap survival occurred in 20% of group 1 flaps and 30.8% of group 2 flaps. Partial flap survival occurred in the rest of the flaps in these two groups, with mean survival areas of 48% and 55%, respectively. In conclusion, HBO treatments significantly increase the survival of flaps subjected to a secondary ischemia, even if administered before the primary ischemia. Administering HBO prior to secondary venous ischemia was marginal, which may be due to the effect of O(2) given by HBO not lasting longer than 5 h.     

脂质体介导血管内皮生长因子对不同时间断蒂大鼠随意型皮瓣的影响

目的 通过血管内皮生长因子基因对大鼠随意型皮瓣的转染,探讨基因治疗对不同时间断蒂的大鼠随意型皮瓣成活的影响.方法 以SD大鼠为实验模型制作背部随意型皮瓣,实验组注入脂质体包裹的PcDNAVEGF165(目的 基因组),对照组分别注入PcDNA(空白质粒组)和生理盐水(生理盐水组),于用药后1、3、5、7 d,每组每时相点分别随机选取10只断蒂,断蒂后7 d处死大鼠,观察下述指标:①皮瓣成活率.②皮瓣组织标本行常规HE染色检测平均微血管数目及内径.③行VEGF免疫组织化学染色检测VEGF表达情况.④取皮瓣组织标本在电镜下观察超微结构.结果 ①皮瓣成活率:1、3、5、7 d断蒂实验组皮瓣成活率分别为(45.45±12.24)%、(82.95±3.81)%、(85.00±3.38)%、(85.96±3.25)%.1 d断蒂实验组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3、5、7 d断蒂各实验组明显高于相应对照组(P<0.05),3、5、7 d断蒂各实验组则随着断蒂时间的延迟差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).②平均微血管数目及内径:各实验组与相应对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).③各实验组VEGF染色深度明显高于对照组(P<0.05).④超微结构:实验组内有新生血管形成,内皮细胞内可见较多粗面内质网,线粒体等结构,组织内成纤维细胞增多,细胞合成代谢旺盛.结论 皮下注射脂质体介导VEGF基因可提高皮瓣成活率,促进早期断蒂,是一种简单,高效,经济,相对安全的基因治疗方法.     

小隐静脉栓塞对腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣影响的实验研究

目的探讨小隐静脉栓塞对远端带蒂腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的影响。方法将30只大白兔小腿后侧切取远端蒂腓肠神经岛状皮瓣,随机分为三组,每组10个皮瓣。第1组在蒂部保留小隐静脉干;第2组在蒂部远端1cm将小隐静脉干结扎;第3组在蒂部远端1 cm栓塞小隐静脉干。结果第1组皮瓣的小隐静脉充盈较第2、3组显著,且第1组皮瓣均有明显淤血、肿胀。第3组皮瓣存活率（87.5%）明显高于第1组（62.3%）和第2组（81.5%）,差异均具有极显著意义（P〈0.01）。结论在小隐静脉远端栓塞或结扎阻断静脉血流灌入,均能显著提高远端蒂皮瓣的存活率,在蒂部结扎小隐静脉影响皮瓣远端供血和皮瓣成活面积。     

Improving flap survival by transplantation of a VEGF-secreting endothelised scaffold during distal pedicle flap creation.

The benefits of a VEGF-secreting endothelised scaffold on the survival of distal flaps with early pedicle flap division were evaluated in a rabbit model. We bioengineered a scaffold based on a fibrin matrix in which endothelial cells, genetically modified with a VEGF-encoding adenoviral vector were embedded. We distributed subjects in four groups. CONTROL: Eight rabbits conditioned with endothelial cells embedded in a fibrin scaffold. The pedicle was divided after a period of 5 days; and eight rabbits conditioned with endothelial cells embedded in a fibrin scaffold but in this group the pedicle was divided after a period of 2 days. TREATMENT: Eight rabbits conditioned with VEGF-secreting endothelial cells embedded in a fibrin scaffold; the pedicle was divided after a period of 5 days. And eight rabbits conditioned with VEGF-secreting endothelial cells but the pedicle was divided after a period of 2 days. The percentages of survival were 95.62+/-4.95% for the VEGF-producing scaffold vs. 51.25+/-45.88% for a non-VEGF secreting scaffold when sectioning the pedicle after 5 days. The percentage of survival of flaps in the group grafted with the VEGF-secreting scaffold was 55.62% compared to 2.5% in the group receiving the non-VEGF scaffold when the pedicle was sectioned after 2 days. The CD 31 immunostaining studies showed a dramatic increase in angiogenesis in the flaps conditioned by the VEGF-producing scaffolds. These data revealed that endothelised VEGF-secreting scaffold during flap creation could be a suitable approach in reconstructive surgery.     

腺病毒载体介导人VEGF cDNA促进随意型皮瓣成活的实验研究

目的探讨以腺病毒载体局部应用血管内皮细胞生长因子基因对大鼠缺血随意型皮瓣成活的影响。方法30只SD大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只,于鼠背设计蒂在尾侧髂嵴水平的随意型皮瓣,面积为2cm×8cm,A组皮瓣远端23顺皮瓣长轴分10个点真皮下注入1012PFU的携带人血管内皮细胞生长因子基因的腺病毒(AdCMVVEGF),B组同法注入同剂量的携带β半乳糖苷酶基因的腺病毒(AdCMVGal),C组注入1ml的生理盐水,3d后掀起皮瓣并原位缝合,术后7d观察实验结果。结果每组皮瓣成活面积的百分比分别为A组(8591±254)%,B组为(5956±118)%,C组为(6148±109)%,A组成活率显著高于B组和C组,差异有非常显著性意义(P<001),B组与C组比较差异无显著性意义(P>005)。原位杂交、免疫组化显示,应用AdCMVVEGF治疗的成活皮瓣中,VEGF有表达,组织学切片显示,AdCMVVEGF治疗皮瓣中肉芽组织增生,新生血管大量形成。结论以腺病毒为载体局部应用VEGF基因能增加缺血皮瓣的成活面积,该法具有高效的特点。     

A rat musculocutaneous flap model: the biceps femoris musculocutaneous flap

The purpose of this study was to describe a new musculocutaneous flap model in the rat. A total of 25 Wistar rats weighing 200 to 280 g were used in this experiment. In 15 rats, the vascular anatomy of the biceps femoris muscle and the cutaneous blood supply of its overlying posterior thigh skin were studied by anatomic dissection, dye injection, and microangiography using 5 rats in each group. The anatomic studies revealed that the main axial vessel supplying the biceps femoris muscle was the caudal femoral branch of the popliteal vessels. The posterior thigh skin overlying the biceps femoris muscle received a consistent musculocutaneous perforator at the center of the mid-posterior line of the posterior thigh. Based on the caudal femoral-popliteal vascular pedicle, the biceps femoris musculocutaneous flap was created in the rat, comprised of the whole muscle and its overlying posterior thigh skin. The skin paddle was designed as an ellipse with its longitudinal axis paralleling that of the extremity, generally measuring 4 x 2 cm. Island flaps were raised as described and replaced either in situ (N = 5) or transposed to a sacral defect (N = 5). Results showed that the cutaneous islands of all the flaps survived completely. Tetrazolium blue stain used to indicate muscle survival revealed that the average muscle viability was 86.7+/-3.4%. The authors conclude that the biceps femoris musculocutaneous flap is a reliable and true musculocutaneous flap model for future biological and pharmacological studies. It offers the following advantages: It has a consistent vascular pedicle and a musculocutaneous perforator, it supports a relatively large skin island, and there is no risk of autocannibalization of the flap because the flap is located dorsally.     

Effect of adenovirus-mediated gene transfection of vascular endothelial growth factor on survival of random flaps in rats

Objective: To evaluate the effect of local application of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) via adenovirus-mediated gene transfer on survival of full thickness flaps selected randomly in rats.Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 480-520 g were used in this study. A dorsal flap (8 cm × 2 cm) in full thickness with the pedicle located at the level of the iliac crest was designed. Then the rats received 1 012 pfu replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus carrying VEGF ( AdCMV-VEGF group, n = 10 ), 1012 pfu recombinant β-galactosidase adenovirus ( AdCMV-Gal group, n = 10) and 1 ml saline (saline group, n = 10), respectively, in the distal two thirds of the proposed flap by means of subdermal injection at 8 different locations. Three days after treatment, the flaps were elevated as originally designed and sutured back in situ. The survival rate of the flaps was evaluated on day 7 after operation.Results: The survival rate of the flaps in the AdCMV-VEGF group increased significantly as     

应用带蒂皮瓣修复皮肤软组织缺损

 目的 探讨带蒂皮瓣修复皮肤软组织缺损的效果。方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年9月,因创伤造成皮肤软组织缺损的具有完整随访资料的87例患者的病例,男61例,女26例;年龄14～61岁,平均40岁。患者均采用不吻合血管的带蒂皮瓣进行修复。致伤原因：车祸伤23例,高压电损伤46例,碾压撕脱伤18例。缺损部位：手部21例,下肢66例。皮瓣种类：邻近转位皮瓣50例,远位转移皮瓣37例。皮瓣面积：2.0 cm×1.5 cm～18 cm×12 cm。供区部位：小腿61例,腹部18例,手部8例。术前25例患者合并骨髓炎,其中骨和（或）钢板外露23例,高压电损伤2例。钢板外露患者皮瓣移植前均取出内置物。结果 术后3例患者出现皮瓣下血肿,经手术清除,未对皮瓣成活造成影响。1例术后因肢体固定位置移动造成蒂部受压,导致皮瓣远端宽约2 cm组织发生血运障碍,经6周换药皮瓣成活。37例远位转移皮瓣于术后3周行二期断蒂手术。27例皮瓣一期愈合;47例二期愈合;13例皮瓣移植前取出钢板的患者术后发生感染,皮瓣不愈合,9例在1年内经清除坏死病灶,皮瓣愈合,另4例目前仍未愈合。87例患者均获得随访,随访时间3～60个月,平均13个月,患者满意率为90.80%（79/87）。结论 带蒂皮瓣较少受手术设计的限制,术中操作简单,皮瓣成活率高,可以较好地应用于皮肤软组织缺损的修复。     

血管内皮生长因子促进跨区供血反流轴型皮瓣成活的实验研究

目的研究血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）的局部皮下注射对大鼠背部跨区供血反流轴型皮瓣成活的影响及效果。方法取20只SD大鼠，制备8cm×2cm大鼠背部跨区供血反流轴型皮瓣模型，随机分成两组，每组10只。实验组：于皮瓣远端7．5cm及6．5cm处共选择4个对称位点，分别予100ng／100μlVEGF溶液50μl；对照组：每一位点予生理盐水50μl。术后1～7d行皮瓣大体观察，并于7d处死大鼠，切取皮瓣，行皮瓣成活率测定、组织学观察及血管密度检测。结果大体观察，实验组皮瓣成活面积明显大于对照组，实验组皮瓣成活面积15．55±0．27cm^2，对照组13．42±0．57cm^2，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。组织学观察，实验组皮瓣血管密度34．40±3．75个／10倍光镜下视野，对照组21．00±3．16个／10倍光镜下视野，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。镜下见实验组有大量新生肉芽组织形成，胶原纤维排列规则，成纤维细胞较多，炎性细胞浸润程度轻；对照组新生肉芽组织少，胶原纤维凝集成块，成纤维细胞少，炎性细胞浸润程度重。结论VEGF在皮瓣成活早期，通过促进缺血皮瓣新生血管形成，增加血管数量，改善缺血组织的血液供应，促进皮瓣成活；在皮瓣形成时局部、单次、足量应用VEGF是促进跨区供血反流轴型皮瓣远端成活的有效方法。     

不同基底血供和断蒂时间对随意型真皮下血管网薄皮瓣成活与质量关系的实验研究

为了深入了解随意型真皮下血管网薄皮瓣不同基底血供和断蒂时间对于皮瓣的成活和质量的相互关系,以指导断蒂时机的选择,本实验设计随意型真皮下血管网皮瓣以硅胶膜分别阻断基底面积的90%、60%和30%,并分别于3,7,10天断蒂。结果显示:在同一断蒂时间下,受床血供不同,成活率有差异。而在相同基底血供的皮瓣,在不同断蒂时间显示出不同的成活面积。实验还显示:皮瓣的成活并不完全表明其质量。因此,认为:应根据皮瓣基底血供状况兼顾成活和质量效果,决定合适的断蒂时间。     

The effect of bovine basic fibroblast growth factor on skin flap survival in rats.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was prepared from bovine pituitary glands and evaluated for its effect on the viability of pedicle skin flaps in rats. Pedicle flaps measuring 3 x 7.5 cm and based cephalad were created on the backs of animals. The treatment group received bFGF in saline solution intradermally by Dermo-jet injection 30 minutes before flap elevation. Skin flaps treated with a single application of 80 U of bFGF demonstrated a significant increase in viability from 40.8% to 69.7% of the flap area (p less than 0.001); the flaps treated with 16 U of bFGF exhibited little improvement. Intradermal administration of bFGF to pedicle skin flaps produced an increase in viability that approximates the increase obtained by a surgical delay procedure; treatment of flaps with exogenous bFGF may offer advantages over surgical delay procedures.     

线扎逐步缩窄蒂部法行皮瓣早期断蒂的实验研究及临床应用

目的探讨线扎逐步缩窄蒂部法行皮瓣早期断蒂的可行性和临床应用效果。方法用20只新西兰大白兔背部两侧各制作两块随意型皮瓣(8·0cm×4·0cm),一侧皮瓣蒂部横行缝数对丝线为实验组,另一侧为对照组。于术后第3天开始结扎实验组皮瓣蒂部两侧两对丝线,第5天蒂部全段结扎,第6天所有皮瓣断蒂,断蒂3d后测定皮瓣成活面积,并分别于术后第4、6天取皮瓣组织标本切片染色后进行组织学观察。另外,在临床上对78块随意型带蒂皮瓣采用丝线结扎、逐步缩窄蒂部后断蒂。结果断蒂后实验组皮瓣成活率明显高于对照组;组织切片显示皮瓣蒂部结扎后,皮瓣内因缺血致血管密度、管径均增大。临床病例皮瓣平均断蒂时间缩短至术后10d,断蒂后皮瓣无一例坏死。结论本方法简便易行,安全可靠,可以缩短皮瓣的断蒂时间。