山西省空气中氡及其子体浓度与所致居民剂量的估算

本文报道了山西省63个调查点室内、外²²²Rn及其子体浓度,它们的浓度频率分布服从对数正态分布.室内²²²Rn浓度几何均值为:17.4Bq·m^-3、²²²Rn子体潜能值为18.8×10^-4WL,室外²²²Rn浓度几何均值为7.0Bq·m^-3,²²²Rn子体潜能值为13.4×10^-4wL.地下设施,窑洞内²²²Rn浓度最高,其几何均值分别为61.6和30.7Bq·m^-3.全省居民受室内、外²²²Rn及其子体照射的人均年有效剂量当量为1.58mSv.     

甘肃省环境空气中222Rn及其子体水平

为评价甘肃省环境空气啐²²²Rn及其子体对公众的危害,我们用活性炭方法测量了全省1213个不同类型建筑物室内和217个室外空气中的²²²Rn浓度,用热释光剂量计测量了312个室内和44个室外空气峙²²²Rn浓度。结果表明: 室内、外²²²Rn浓度均呈对数正态分布,全省室内加权平²²²Rn浓度为39.3Bq·m^-3,室外为22.2Bq·m^-3,室内和室外氡及其子体问的平衡因子分别为0.38和0.54,公众室内居留因子为0.77,室内和室外²²²Rn子体的平均平衡当量浓度分别为14.9Bq·m^-3和12.0Bq·m^-3,公众年平均有效剂量当量为1.31mSv.     

福建地区空气中氡及其子体浓度与剂量评价

采用双滤膜法和快速潜能测定法测定了福建省住宅室内、室外以及地下人防洞内空气中氧及其子体浓度.调查结果分析表明,氡及其子体浓度分布,近似服从于对数正态.福建省室内、室外空气中氡浓度几何均值分别为51.8Bq·M^-3与始48.7Bq·M^-3,氡子体a潜能浓度几何均值分刖为13.5×10^-8J·M^-3与11.0×10^-3·M^-3;平衡因子均值分别为0.49与0.53.全省90%住宅内平衡当量氡浓度在75Bq·M^-3以下,在100Bq·M^-3.以上的占3.0‰人防洞内氡子体.潜能浓度变化范周在6.74～840×10^-8J·m.福州地区大部分人防洞内平衡当量氡浓度在200Bq·m^-3以上.全省室内外氡水平地理分布可划为五个区.内地高于沿海,最高水平区域在西南部(即第五区),氡子体a潜能浓度几何均值达54.1×10^-8J·M^-3.全省居民受到室内外氡子体年均暴露量为0.36WLM,所致公众年均有效剂量当量为2.30mSv.     

江苏省环境氡及其子体浓度与所致居民内照射剂量估算

本文报道了江苏省室内、外空气中氡及其子体旅度水平与所致居民内照射剂量的估算结果。全省室内外氡及其子体α潜能浓度近似服从对数正态分布。室内外样品氡浓度的几何均值分别为13Bq·m^-3和9.9Bq·m^-3, 氧子体α潜能浓度的几何均值分别是3.4×10^-8J·m^-3和2.4×10^-8J·M^-3, 平衡因子F为0.42和0.49。因吸入氡子体所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为0.64mSv。     

深圳特区室内氡水平及影响因素

本文采用双滤膜、闪烁法和活性炭法测定了深圳特区各类建筑室内氡及子体浓度.测定结果为,高层建筑、普通楼房、平房和地下室内²²²Rn的平均浓度分别为31.1,15.5,17.8和108Bq·M^-3,室外²²²Rn的平均浓度分别为13.7Eq·M^-3.²²²Rn子体潜能浓度分别为15.8、8.1、10.2,39.9×10^-4WL,室内外平均为8.8×10^-4WL。各类建筑室内平均平衡因子F为0.2,并分析了影响室内氧及子体的因素,估算了所致居民剂量。     

宁夏回族自治区环境氡水平及其所致公众肺部剂量

本文用闪烁法和Thomas三最法测量了宁夏全区房屋178间,其室内氡浓度算术均值为21.3Bq·m^-3(几何均值为16.8Bq·m^-3,下同)氡子体α潜能浓度为2.8(2.3)mWI, F值为0.48(0.43).全区室外测点83个,氡浓度均值为13.7(11.0)Bq·^-3,氡子体a潜能浓度为2.4(1.9)mWL; F值为0.64(0.61).室内、外氡及其子体浓度遵从对数正态分布规律。用人口加权值估算出宁夏居民人均年有效剂量当量算术均值为1.06mSv, 几何均值为0.90mSv.     

辽宁省环境氡及其子体水平与所致剂量

用闪烁室和双滤膜法测量并研究了辽宁室内外及某些场所空气中氡及其子体的水平分布和时间变化。测量结果表明;氡及其子体浓度近似对数正态分布,90%的房屋室内氡浓度低于60Bq·m^-3。室内外氡浓度的年平均值分别为29.6和9.7Bq·m^-3,平衡因子分别为0.49和0.6l,平衡当量氧浓度分别为14.5和5.9Bq·m^-3。所致公众的年有效剂量当量平均为1.16mSv。     

西藏地区环境氡及其子体浓度与所致公众内剂量调查

本文首次报道了西藏地区用闪烁法和马尔科夫法测定的氡及其子体α潜能浓度。在全区56个调查点, 测量了252问居室和102个室外环境样品。全区室内氡及子体α潜能浓度算术平均值分别为9.6Bq·m^-8和321.0×10^-10J·m^-8, 人口加权均值为9.3Bq·m^-8和280.3×10^-10J·m^-3。全区室外氡及子体α潜能浓度算术平均值为3.9Bq·m^-8和200.2×10^-10J·m^-8, 人口加权均值为3.7Bq·m^-8和168.0×10^-10J·m^-8。西藏室内外氡及子体浓度服从对数正态分布规律。平衡因子分别为0.57和0.64。 居留因子为0.82和0.18。氡及其子体所致西藏公众人均年有效剂量当量为0.43mSv。     

湖北省不同类型地下建筑物空气中的氡水平

本文报道了湖北地区不同类型地下建筑物内²²²Rn及其子体的测量结果,估算了工作人员受照剂量,对通风、季节等影响浓度变化的因素进行了初步探讨。据33得132个测点的结果表明.氡及氡子体浓度呈对数正态分布,两者的几何均值分别为77.6Bq·m^-3和3.08×10^-7J·m^-3(14.8mWL),平衡因子为0.58±0.20。工作人员由于吸人氡子体造成的年有效剂量当量为1.91mSv,高出地面居民158%。     

山东省环境中氡及其子体浓度与所致剂量的研究

本文采用闪烁法和Thomas三段法测量了山东省室外148个测量点的氧浓度、92个测量点的氧子体浓度, 其几何均值分别为4.76Bq·m^-3、1.54×10^-3J·m^-3 F值为0.60；室内46个测量点的氡及其子体浓度, 几何均值分别为18.0Bq·m^-3、4.50×10^-8·Jm^-3 F值为0.45。室内、外氡及其子体浓度均遵从对数正态分布。垒省每个居民吸八氧及其子体所致年有效剂量当量为0.58mSv。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.     

胎龄和日龄对新生儿局部脑血流的影响

目的探讨胎龄及日龄对新生儿局部脑血流(rCBF)变化的影响及规律.方法对早产儿组、足月早期新生儿组、足月晚期新生儿组进行99Tcm-双半胱乙酯(ECD)SPECT脑血流灌注断层显像,并作半定量分析和读片分析.结果早产儿组原始感觉运动区和枕叶rCBF低于足月早期新生儿组(P<0.05),显著低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.01),其额叶中份、顶叶rCBF也低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.05),其余各叶皮质rCBF随胎龄和日龄的增大有增加趋势.早产儿组脑血流显像图与足月早期新生儿组和晚期新生儿组比较有明显差异.结论早产儿与足月儿rCBF的变化可能与新生儿大脑皮质相应区域发育成熟度和时间顺序有关.