机械除栓在肺栓塞中的初步临床应用

目的评价机械除栓在肺栓塞中的临床价值。方法18例经CT证实的大面积肺栓塞合并静脉全身溶栓禁忌证的患者,采用7FAmplatz血栓消融器导管、7FHydrolyser溶栓导管、8FOASIS溶栓导管除栓,并结合7F的抽吸导管行血栓抽吸;部分使用尿激酶局部灌注10万~20万U。观察治疗前后临床症状的缓解及并发症、血气改变、治疗前后肺动脉造影情况。结果所有病例的临床症状均缓解,没有严重并发症发生。术前血氧分压为(9.28±1.43)kPa,术后为(11.15±1.29)kPa,差异有统计学意义,P<0.001。术前二氧化碳分压为(4.77±0.70)kPa,术后为(4.92±0.55)kPa,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。清除血栓前后肺动脉造影评分比较,差异有统计学意义。结论机械除栓技术可以快速清除血栓,改善临床症状,减少溶栓的严重副反应。     

重度子痫前期合并脑静脉血栓的相关性研究

目的：探讨重度子痫前期合并脑静脉血栓（CVT）形成的相关因素与疗效分析。方法：给予本院34例重度子痫前期合并CVT患者脱水、抗凝治疗,同时给予激素治疗23例,给予肝素或低分子素治疗28例,尿活素静脉窦内置管接触性溶栓20例,全部患者给予华法林口服,进行抗凝血治疗。结果：本组治疗后的总有效31例（91.18%）,3例无效均为视力未恢复正常。发病相关因素有子痫前期毛细血管受损而组织液外溢13例（38.24%）、产后长时间卧床10例（29.41%）、产后大量出汗7例（20.59%）、发病前未进行防治血栓措施4例（11.76%）。4个月后复查,2例患者部分再通,其余均完全康复。结论：早期给予重度子痫前期并CVT患者抗凝、溶栓治疗,可得到很好的预后。     

Reperfusion therapy for patients with an acute myocardial infarct with ST-segment elevation: fibrinolysis versus transport to a cardiac center for primary angioplasty

Although fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction is widely used and can be administered prior to hospitalisation, it is only successful in restoring full early coronary patency in about 60% of patients and has a 0.5% to 1% risk of severe side effects. Primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty carried out as an alternative to fibrinolysis avoids the risk of fibrinolytic therapy and restores patency in nearly 90% of cases. Data from randomised trials of primary angioplasty versus fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction reveal that angioplasty results in a significant reduction in mortality. Furthermore, primary angioplasty can be improved by means of a new pre-angioplasty drug therapy (so-called facilitated primary angioplasty). Transport to a cardiac centre for primary angioplasty (of which there are 14 in the Netherlands) is feasible and safe. Although the time to treatment is delayed by a further 90 minutes, it tends to save lives and prevent strokes and it also significantly reduces the incidence of reinfarction. Interestingly, the time gained to treatment with prehospital fibrinolytic therapy compared to in-hospital therapy gave an outcome similar to that found upon comparing transport and primary angioplasty. Rescue procedures (angioplasty) within 24 hours are necessary in about 30% of patients who are initially treated with lytic therapy. These results support prehospital triage for fibrinolysis or transport to a cardiac centre, where early angioplasty can be performed if clinically indicated. A trial to determine the policy of choice is at present being conducted in the Netherlands.     

小儿额叶脑挫裂伤血肿形成微创手术治疗临床分析

目的总结小儿额叶脑挫裂伤血肿形成行微创手术治疗的经验。方法对我科自2002年至2009年中收治的26例小儿额叶脑挫裂伤血肿形成病人在2～5天保守治疗后。使用YL-1针微创穿刺引流血肿及坏死脑组织。结果转开颅一例,其余病例经随访半年到2年以上。按GOS评分分为恢复良好24例,中残2例,无重残病例。结论小儿额叶脑挫裂伤并血肿形成在监护严密,CT动态观察,病情相对稳定的情况下,保守治疗2～5天行YL-1针微创治疗,可以明显促进康复,减少并发症,提高生存质量。     

急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗的远期效果评价

目的通过长期观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）后接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）、单纯静脉溶栓、静脉溶栓＋延迟PCI以及未再灌注治疗患者,了解其心功能变化及严重心脏事件的发生情况,以对AMI治疗的几种方法作出评价,更好地指导基层医院治疗。方法选择ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者137例,分为再灌注治疗组108例（包括急诊PCI组29例,静脉溶栓组43例,静脉溶栓＋延迟PCI组36例）和未再灌注治疗组29例,连续观察3个月至3年,对其心功能变化及严重心脏事件发生情况进行统计比较和分析。结果再灌注治疗组远期严重的心血管事件发生率明显低于未接受再灌注治疗组（P〈0．05）;LVEF≥50％者高于未再灌注组（P〈0．05）;动态心电图心律失常发生率无显著差异。其中以急诊PCI组与3h内溶栓远期效果最佳。结论AMI后行再灌注治疗与未行再灌注治疗远期疗效有显著差别。其中3h内溶栓与急诊PCI组,溶栓失败后行补救性PCI与3h内溶栓及急诊PCI均无明显差异。     

Experience with surgical treatment of ascendant varicophlebitis]

In ascendant varicophlebitis, the authors suggest not only crossectomy, but also radical removal of the dilated part of the great saphenous vein and of all thrombosed and non-thrombosed varicose veins in one session. They consider it important to clear the extension of the thrombosis by using an ultrasonic doppler flowmeter or the duplex scan technique; phlebography is needed only if deep venous affection is suspected. Cardinal questions of the operative technique are discussed. In cases of deep venous affection, thrombectomy is performed with Fogarty catheter. Antibiotics are generally held to be unnecessary, but early mobilisation and postoperative low-dose heparin prophylaxis are of great importance. No significant complications were detected after 37 interventions. Every patient was controlled one year after surgery. Residual complaints were found more rarely in the radically treated group. As concerns the quick and definitive recovery, mention is made of favourable economic consequences of the active surgical treatment.     

Clinical evaluation of defibrotide in the treatment of arterial and venous vascular disease. A preliminary report

Defibrotide is a new compound with antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activity. It increases the endogenous fibrinolytic activity by promoting the cellular activator of plasminogen from endothelial cells and by decreasing the concentration of its inhibitors. In this study we evaluated a total of 223 patients for a mean period of 43 days for the following vascular conditions: (a) superficial venous thrombosis; (b) prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis; (c) peripheral vascular disease (ischaemic foot and intermittent claudication; (d) prophylaxis against TIAs in patients with carotid plaques determining embolization; (e) treatment of venous ulcerations determined by chronic venous incompetence; (f) patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and disease. The tolerability observed was good. No side effects were observed even in more prolonged treatments. The overall efficacy was good for all groups especially in comparison with other treatment already in use for these vascular conditions. In conclusion defibrotide is a particularly useful drug in these vascular diseases and can be used both for acute and chronic treatments.     

210例重型颅脑损伤病死率的探讨

目的探讨降低重型颅脑损伤病死率的方法。方法回顾性总结了1996年1月至2007年12月收治的210例重型颅脑损伤,依时间顺序分为三组：A组,1996年1月至1999年12月70例;B组,2000年1月至2003年12月73例;C组,2004年1月至2007年12月67例。A、B、C组手术数分别为34例、48例、42例,手术率分别为48．5％、65．7％、62．6％。结果收治重型颅脑损伤210例,死亡102例,病死率为48．5％,B组手术率最高,病死率最低,早期手术病死率低于晚期手术病死率。结论为了降低病死率,适宜的手术率是基础,颅内血肿的早期诊断、早期手术是关键,综合性治疗是不可忽视的因素。     

124例重型颅脑损伤患者急诊救治的临床分析

[目的]探讨重型颅脑损伤患者的急诊救治方法及效果。[方法]回顾性分析我院救治的124例急性重型颅脑损伤患者的完整临床资料。其中应用手术方法治疗76例,非手术治疗48例。[结果]良好77例(62.10%),中残13例(10.48%),重残10(8.06%),植物生存1例(0.81%),死亡23例(18.55%)。[结论]急诊对病情的正确判断及治疗,早期诊断,早期手术,正确处理合并伤,重视并发症的治疗是救治成功的关键。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎手术治疗时机选择

目的：探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）手术及非手术治疗时机的选择。方法：回顾性总结分析近年来我院急性胆源性胰腺炎患者48例的临床资料及治疗方法。结果：48例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者中，32例非梗阻型患者（27例轻症，5例重症）早期采取保守性的非手术治疗，效果明显；16例梗阻型患者（13例轻症，3例重症）进行手术治疗，手术效果满意。结论：ABP早期非手术治疗疗效满意；对于急性胆源性胰腺炎，首先要鉴别有无胆道梗阻病变，如伴有胆道梗阻者应急诊症手术或早期手术；无梗阻的则先行非手术治疗，待病情稳定后再做胆道手术，把握好中转手术时机，减少手术风险。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的诊治及疗效的临床分析

目的探讨胆源性胰腺炎的发病机制、诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析176例急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床资料。结果126例轻型非梗阻型胆源性胰腺炎患者均给予非手术治疗后痊愈,其中112例3～6个月后行择期胆道手术。48例轻型梗阻型胆源性胰腺炎患者先进行非手术治疗,其中急诊手术10例,限期手术38例,均痊愈。重型梗阻型2例,均急诊手术,术后恢复良好。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎由活动性胆道疾病引起的胰腺炎急性发作,早期以非手术治疗为主。     

急性肠系膜血管闭塞的诊治分析

目的 总结急性肠系膜血管闭塞（AMVO）的诊断与治疗。方法 对1989年5月-2005年5月收治的11例AMVO患者的诊治资料进行回顾性分析。肠系膜上动脉栓塞（MAE）5例，肠系膜上动脉血栓形成（MAT）3例，肠系膜上静脉血栓形成（MVT）2例，非阻塞性肠系膜血管供血不全（NOMI）1例。10例手术，其中坏死肠管切除一期吻合6例，二期吻合3例，1例保守治疗。所有病例均经抗凝、祛聚、扩血管治疗。结果 11例患者最终治愈6例，死亡5例，其中2例死于中毒性休克及多器官功能衰竭，2例死于再发梗死，1例死于短肠综合征，病死率为45．5％。结论 AMVO发病急，进展快，早期易误诊，后期病情凶险，早发现、早治疗及选择合理治疗方案是保证疗效的关键。     

Fibrinolytic response and oral contraceptive associated thromboembolism

A case-control study of fibrinolytic activity was conducted comparing 12 women with a recent history of thromboembolism while taking oral contraceptives and 28 matched female controls without a history of thromboembolism. All subjects had stopped using oral contraceptives at least 12 months prior to study. A new assay, recently developed in this laboratory, was used to evaluate the mean fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in both cases and controls. The fibrinolytic response of all subjects was stratified into quartiles as previously described. While the controls segregated as expected, all 12 cases occurred in subjects whose fibrinolytic response fell in the first two quartiles with 8 of the 12 subjects having first quartile responses. The mean fibrinolytic response for all controls was 12.3 units while cases showed a mean response of only 3.9 units. The above data supports and extends our recent suggestion that low fibrinolytic response may signal a natural predisposition to venous thromboembolism which could be triggered by use of synthetic estrogens. However, these data do not support the use of this assay as a screening test for oral contraceptive related risk to thromboembolism since at least 50% of the control population also $\text{segregate}$ in the first two quarters.     

Acute mesenteric ischemia: Study of predictive factors of mortality

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a surgical emergency that requires a quick diagnosis and therapeutic care. Without treatment, the outcome is towards intestinal infarction whose prognosis remains grim. Aim: To look for predictive factors of mortality of this disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients hospitalized between January 2000 and December 2008 for acute mesenteric ischemia. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors that could influence mortality was conducted. Results: 26 patients, predominantly male, were included. The mean age was 60 years. These patients were cared for on average 4 days after the onset of symptoms. The diagnosis was made pre-operatively in 9 patients, by CT scan in 8 patients and by Doppler ultrasound in 1 patient. The cause of AMI was arterial thrombosis in 19 cases, venous thrombosis in 4 cases and non occlusive mesenteric ischemia in 3 cases. 25 patients were operated on emergency 24 times by a laparotomy and one time by a laparoscopy. The surgery consisted in bowel resection in 15 patients; an abstention was decided in one case of venous mesenteric ischemia and in 9 cases where necrosis affected all small bowels. Revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery was associated in 4 cases. Outcome was simple in 8 patients. The mortality rate was 69%, death occurred in a period of J0 to J90 after surgery. This rate wasn't influenced by age or sex. It was higher in patients with preoperative collapse (p = 0.02) and having an expansive bowel necrosis (p=.0001). The prognosis is better in cases of venous infarction with a mortality rate of zero. Conclusion: Prognosis of acute mesenteric ischemia depends on the aetiology and the quickness of treatment. It is directly linked to the extension of intestinal infarction. An urgent and multidisciplinary care is necessary.     

32例高脂血症性急性胰腺炎的临床特征和治疗分析

目的：探讨高脂血症性急性胰腺炎的临床特征、治疗及转归情况。方法：回顾性分析本院收治的32例高脂血症性急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,随机选择同期住院的非高脂血症性急性胰腺炎30例作为对照组,观察比较两组患者各项观察指标的差异。结果：高脂血症性急性胰腺炎患者在重度胰腺炎发生率、症状、并发症、住院时间等方面与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组的血清TG比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而血AMY、MCTSI评分均无明显差异（P〉0.05）。1例患者因合并严重呼吸衰竭,家属要求放弃治疗,其余31例患者在常规治疗基础上给予降脂治疗,均获得较好预后。结论：高脂血症性急性胰腺炎临床特征与非高脂血症性急性胰腺炎比较,不具有特殊性,除常规的治疗外,及时降低血浆中高浓度的甘油三酯有助于急性胰腺炎的症状缓解,改善预后。     

Endovascular stent-graft placement for vascular failure of the thoracic aorta

It still remains undetermined whether endovascular stent-graft placement (ESGP) is the optimal initial treatment for elective cases of thoracic aortic disease because of unknown long-term results. However, it is also recognized that ESGP contributes to better outcome as an initial treatment for aortic emergency, such as rupture, aortic injury, and complicated acute type B aortic dissection. Despite the fact that most patients are elderly, early mortality rates of ESGP are reportedly around 10% in cases of ruptured degenerative thoracic aortic aneurysm. Postoperative morbidity is also superior in ESGP compared with conventional open repair. Postoperative paraplegia has rarely occurred with ESGP. In cases of blunt aortic injury (BAI), other complications may also be present because of other serious injuries. ESGP has changed the surgical strategy for BAI and partially resolved some of the clinical dilemmas. Early mortality rate is almost zero when a stent graft can be placed before re-rupture. While BAI is a very good indication for ESGP, young patients need careful management and attention because of the unknown long-term outcome. In cases of complicated acute type B aortic dissection, the two main determinants of death, shock from rupture and visceral ischemia, could be managed by ESGP with or without conventional endovascular interventions. Recent reports disclosed less than 10% early mortality with ESGP for complicated acute aortic dissection. Even if the possibility of endotension remains, ESPG seems to be beneficial for these critical patients as the preferable initial treatment. The importance of close follow-up should be stressed to avoid some devastating late complications following ESGP.     

成都市新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床特征分析

目的 总结新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID - 19）患者的临床特征。方法 回顾分析成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心收治的101例COVID - 19确诊病例的流行特点、临床特征、治疗及预后。采用Excel录入数据,SPSS 22.0对资料进行统计分析。结果 86.1%患者有明确流行病学接触史。主要临床症状表现为发热（75.2%）,咳嗽（70.3%）,咳痰（42.6%）,乏力/肌肉酸痛（24%）。89.1%患者白细胞计数正常或降低,65.3%患者C反应蛋白升高,68.3%患者血清淀粉样蛋白升高,51.5%患者空腹静脉血糖升高,54.5%患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数下降。胸部CT典型表现为磨玻璃样病灶,77.2%患者为双侧肺部均受累。101例患者中,轻型及普通型66例,重型及危重型35例。97.0%患者需要不同支持力度的氧疗,96.0%患者接受了抗病毒治疗、16.8%患者接受了抗细菌治疗,5.9%患者激素治疗。5.9%发生不同程度的急性呼吸窘迫综合征,16.8%发生继发感染,5.0%发生休克,2.0%发生急性肾损伤。截至2020年3月24日0:00治愈出院98例,死亡3例。结论 COVID - 19患者多数症状轻微,预后好;重型及危重型主要发生在高龄、合并高血压、糖尿病、慢性肾功能衰竭等基础疾病的患者,危重型患者可并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征,甚至多器官功能障碍危及生命,应早期识别及时治疗。     

Blood coagulation and idiopathic thromboembolism among fertile women

A case-control study of fibrinolytic activity and antithrombin-III (AT-III) was conducted comparing 16 women within the childbearing ages who had a recent history of idiopathic thromboembolism to 29 age- and race-matched female controls without a history of thromboembolism. All subjects had stopped using oral contraceptives at least 12 months prior to study. No difference in AT-III was evident between cases and controls. The mean fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in cases was significantly lower; however, baseline fibrinolysis was essentially identical. These data demonstrated a bimodal distribution of fibrinolytic response among controls. By dichotomizing fibrinolytic response between the two modes in the controls, we estimated that the rate of low fibrinolytic response was 6 times as frequent in cases as controls. Thus, low fibrinolytic response may signal a natural predisposition to thromboembolism which could be triggered by use of synthetic estrogens.     

Role of low-molecular-weight heparin in acute coronary syndromes

Looking to their efficiency in the treatment of venous thrombosis and the problems caused by non fractioned heparins (NFH) in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, several studies were realised to prove the interests of fractioned heparins (FH) as good alternative therapeutics in acute coronary syndromes. A fist attempt, FRISC study, showed that dalteparin was superior to the placebo given in patients receiving aspirin (75 mg daily). In the FRIC study the pursuit of dalteparin between the sixth and the fortieth day, at a low dose, don't give benefits compared to aspirin given simply. Enoxaparin seems to be superior to the NFH in ESSENCE and TIMI IIB studies:--In ESSENCE study witch was included 3171 patients with unstable angina or non Q wave myocardial infarction and all patients received aspirin, enoxaparin compared to NFH reduced significantly the combined risk of death, myocardial infarction, recurrent ischemia and the need of revascularisation. These benefits persisted after a year of the study:--TIMI IIB study realised in 3910 patients confirmed the results of ESSENCE study. Furthermore, their proved efficiency in unstable angina and the non Q wave myocardial infarction, a recent study published this year (2002) concluded that the use of FH, in patients with myocardial infarction and receiving fibrinolytic treatment (streptokinase), was associated of a less frequent major adverse cardiac evenment (MACE) than in patients receiving NFH.     

肝外伤伴肝周大静脉损伤的手术策略探讨

目的分析肝外伤伴肝周大静脉损伤的临床资料,探讨手术策略。方法收集17例肝外伤伴肝周大静脉损伤患者的临床资料,根据AAST分级和ISS评分,分析死亡原因、手术方式和疗效。结果患者ISS平均值为(40.6±10.5)分,总死亡率35.3%(6例)。Ⅳ级中死亡3例,Ⅴ级中死亡3例。根据术式不同,分成肝周纱布填塞组和大静脉修补组;2例死于纱布填塞组(40%),4例死于大静脉修补组(33%)。比较两组间的术中失血量和ISS值,纱布填塞组的均数都高于大静脉修补组。结论如何成功止血是手术关键,合理的手术策略有助提高抢救成功率。