针灸联合瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤对冠心病病人氧化应激及自主神经调节功能的影响

目的观察针灸联合瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤对冠心病病人氧化应激及自主神经调节功能的影响。方法选取2016年3月—2018年3月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院接诊的94例冠心病病人为研究对象,将病人随机分为对照组和研究组,每组47例,对照组口服瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤治疗,研究组采用口服瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤加用针灸治疗。检测两组病人氧化应激指标如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和8-异前列腺素F2α(8-ios-PGF2α)水平;检测自主神经调节指标,如正常R-R期间总体标准差(SDNN)、连续5 min正常R-R期间均值标准差(SDANN)、每5 min R-R期间标准差平均值(SDNN5)、相邻正常R-R期间差值均方根(rMSSD)、相邻正常R-R期间差值大于50 ms占总间距比重(PNN50)、R-R期间总数量除以R-R期间直方图高度所得的三角指数(TRIA)值。结果治疗前,两组病人8-ios-PGF2α、GSH-Px、ET-1、NO、MDA和SOD水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组治疗后SOD水平均升高,8-ios-PGF2α、ET-1和MDA水平均降低,研究组病人GSH-Px和NO水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),对照组病人GSH-Px和NO水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组治疗后SOD、GSH-Px和NO水平高于对照组(P0.05),8-ios-PGF2α、ET-1和MDA水平低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组病人SDNN、SDNN5、SDANN、TRIA、PNN50和rMSSD水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组治疗后SDANN、SDNN5和SDNN较治疗前和对照组治疗后均有明显升高(P0.05),研究组治疗前后rMSSD、PNN50和TRIA比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),对照组治疗前后自主神经调节各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针灸联合瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤能够明显降低冠心病病人氧化应激反应,改善病人自主神经调节功能。     

瑞格列奈对2型糖尿病患者的作用

目的了解瑞格列奈对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者体内微炎症、氧化应激及血管内皮功能的影响。方法选择84例T2DM患者,配对后随机分成治疗组（42例）与对照组（42例）,治疗组给予瑞格列奈,对照组给予格列齐特治疗3个月。治疗前后检测超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET-1）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及相关生化指标。结果68例完成试验,治疗组与对照组经治疗3个月后,hs-CRP、MDA、ET-1值比治疗前均有明显降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,NO、SOD值比治疗前明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。且治疗组较对照组治疗后hs-CRP、NO、ET-1、MDA、SOD的变化更为显著（P〈0.05）。结论瑞格列奈在降血糖同时,有较好的抗炎、抗氧化应激及改善血管内皮功能的作用。     

冠心病患者的心率变异性分析

目的探讨冠心病患者心率变异性的变化。方法选择冠心病患者70例,作为冠心病组,选择无冠心病的健康人50例,作为对照组,进行动态心电图检查,分别测定时域指标（SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50）和频域指标（TP、LF、HF）,进行心率变异性变化的参数分析。结果冠心病组的指标SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、TP、LF、HF均显著低于健康组,P〈0．01,有统计学意义。结论冠心病患者的心率变异性时域和频域指标均明显减低,反映自主神经调节心脏平衡的功能减低,易发生严重的心血管事件。     

老年冠心病患者心率变异性的临床意义

目的分析49例老年冠心病患者的动态心电图,探讨心率变异性（HRV）的临床意义.方法对49例老年冠心病患者进行动态心电图检查,检测其心律失常、心肌缺血的发生率和心率变异性,并与30例非冠心病老年人对比.结果冠心病组室性心律失常和心肌缺血的发生率显著高于非冠心病组,冠心病组心率变异性指标SDNN低于非冠心病组,冠心病组中有恶性室性心律失常的患者SDNN较低.结论老年冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能紊乱,并可能因此诱发恶性室性心律失常.     

琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片对冠心病无症状心肌缺血心率震荡和心率变异性的影响

目的 观察冠心病无症状心肌缺血心率震荡和心率变异性的改变及琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片对心率震荡和心率变异性的影响.方法 对比观察美托洛尔治疗后的冠心病无症状心肌缺血患者心率震荡和心率变异性的改变,并与健康体检者对照.结果 治疗前,治疗组震荡斜率值、震荡初始值、SDNN、SDANN及SDNNindex明显低于对照组(P<0.05),rMSSD和PNN50与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,震荡斜率值、震荡初始值、SDNN、SDANN及SDNNindex明显高于治疗前(P<0.05).结论 无症状心肌缺血患者存在心率震荡和心率变异性异常,美托洛尔可改善无症状心肌缺血患者心脏自主神经的调节功能.     

冠心病患者心率变异性分析及临床意义

目的探讨冠心病患者心率变异性变化及临床意义。方法冠心病组102例,对照组(无冠心病的健康人80例),通过动态心电图检查分别测定时域指标(SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、PNN50)和频域指标(TP、LF、HF),进行心率变异性变化的参数分析。结果冠心病组的指标SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、TP、LF、HF均明显的低于健康组,p0.01,有统计学意义。结论冠心病患者的心率变异性时域和频域指标均明显减低,反应自主神经调节心脏平衡的功能减低,易发生严重的心血管事件。     

盐酸二甲双胍与阿卡波糖治疗糖耐量异常的疗效观察

目的观察阿卡波糖与盐酸二甲双胍对糖耐量异常患者的治疗效果。方法用随机双盲法比较80例糖耐量异常患者在饮食加运动控制的基础上给予口服阿卡波糖和盐酸二甲双胍干预治疗,治疗6个月后,检测空腹血糖及葡萄糖耐量试验后2h血糖水平的变化。结果阿卡波糖组和盐酸二甲双胍组治疗前糖耐量试验无显著差异（P〉0.05）。阿卡波糖组与盐酸二甲双胍组相比FPG、2hPG均有同等效果,糖尿病的发病率为5.0%。结论阿卡波糖与盐酸二甲双胍都能够降低糖耐量异常人群糖尿病的发病率,可使糖耐量异常明显改善,且药物费用明显优于阿卡波糖,具有更好的成本-效益比。     

389例冠心病患者心率变异性时域指标的分析

目的探讨心率变异性(HRV)时域指标与冠心病(coronary artery disease,CAD)严重程度之间的关系。方法选取2012年5月至2013年3月期间,在我国伊犁哈萨克自治州友谊医院因疑似或已知冠心病而行冠脉造影的389例患者,纳入本研究。分别行动态心电图和冠状动脉造影检查,依据冠脉造影结果,将患者分为冠心病组和非冠心病组(对照组),比较两组间的心率变异时域指标的差异。随后由冠脉造影结果计算出Gensini评分,依据评分的中位数将冠心病组分为高分组和低分组,对两组间心率变异性指标进行比较,并分别与对照组比较。结果心率变异性时域指标中SDANN和HRV三角指数(TRIA)在冠心病组中较非冠心病组显著降低,两者差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。SDANN和TRIA在高分组较低分组亦显著降低(p0.05)。结论心率变异性指标中SDNN和TRIA与CAD的严重程度呈负相关,提示迷走神经功能受损与冠状动脉病变的严重程度呈正相关。     

2型糖尿病患者心率震荡与自主神经功能损伤的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者并发自主神经功能损伤与心率震荡现象（HRT）之间的关系。方法分为室速组，频发室早组，偶发室早组，对照组4组，分别做动态心电图检查，得出心率变异性（HRV）和心率震荡（HRT）的各项指标，对各组指标进行对比分析。结果偶发室早组、频发室早组、室速组患者TO明显高于对照组，TS，SDNN，LF，HF明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）；频发室早组、室速组患者TS值低于偶发组（p〈0．05）；在灵敏度、特异度方面，TO、TS高于SDNN，TS高于TO。结论糖尿病患者自主神经功能受损时，交感神经活性提高，迷走神经活性降低，心率震荡对其预测的灵敏度与特异度均高于心率变异性。     

比索洛尔对糖尿病自主神经病变患者心率变异性的影响

目的：通过比较糖尿病自主神经病变者服用比索洛尔（康可）前、后心率变异（HRV）的变化，以了解比索洛尔对HRV的影响。方法？用动态心电图测定50例糖尿病自主神经病变的病人在比索洛尔治疗前、后的HRV时域各项指标，并与对照组50例进行比较。结果：与对照组比较，比索洛尔组的心率变异时域指标SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50均明显下降（P〈0．01）。治疗组比索洛尔治疗后SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50均较用药前显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：糖尿病合并自主神经病变者HRV降低，比索洛尔能提高心率变异性，改善预后。     

心率和心率变异性与心力衰竭及预后的相关性

目的　探讨心率及心率变异性与心力衰竭及预后的相关性。方法　入选2010年10月至2012年6月期间就诊宁夏医科大学总医院心内科的慢性充血性心力衰竭患者245例,根据住院期间平均静息心率水平分为3组：A组：50～70次/分;B组：71～90次/分;C组：＞90次/分;共随访1年,完成随访共230例。其中共有97例行动态心电图检查,按患者心功能分级分为Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组、Ⅳ级组,同时选择26例正常健康人为对照组。收集上述研究对象的心率变异性时域指标进行对比分析,包括正常RR间期标准差（SDNN）、5　min均值标准差（SDANN）、相邻RR间期相差＞50　ms的个数占总心跳数的百分比（PNN50）、全程相邻RR间期之差的平方根（RMSSD）。结果随着心率水平增加,随访终点射血分数明显降低,再住院率及病死率明显增加（P＜0.01）。不同心率水平心力衰竭患者Cox生存分析显示心率越快,生存率越低。心力衰竭组与对照组相比SDNN、SDANN、PNN50、RMSSD降低（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）,随着心力衰竭程度的加重,SDNN、SDANN、PNN50、RMSSD下降越明显（P＜0.01）。结论　心率越快,心力衰竭预后越差;心力衰竭患者存在心率变异性降低,心率变异性越低,心功能越差。     

Pharmacogenomics and Heart Failure in Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease (CHD) constitutes a lifelong challenge in heart failure management. Current therapy is based mainly on physiologic principles extrapolated from the management of left ventricular failure in adult populations with either ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. However, there is good evidence of genomic variability in the origin and progression of CHD that suggests the need for a individualized approach to treatment. The developing science of pharmacogenomics presents an opportunity for CHD management broadly, and especially in the context of heart failure. There is growing evidence that individualizing drug therapy for these patients might be beneficial, and that prediction of response to therapy might be possible by incorporating genomic data into the treatment algorithm for individual patients.     

Interaction between Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

Heart rate variability (HRV) is significantly associated with average heart rate (HR), therefore, HRV actually provides information on two quantities, that is, on HR and its variability. It is difficult to conclude which of these two plays a principal role in the HRV clinical value, or in other words, what is the HR contribution to the clinical significance of HRV. Moreover, the association between HRV and HR is both a physiological phenomenon and a mathematical one. The physiological HRV dependence on HR is determined by the autonomic nervous system activity, but the mathematical one is caused by the nonlinear relationship between RR interval and HR. By employing modification methods of the HRV and HR relationship, it is possible to investigate the HR contribution to the HRV clinical value. Recent studies have shown that the removal of the HR impact on HRV makes HRV more predictive for noncardiac death, however, the enhancement of this impact causes HRV to be a better predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Thus, HR seems to constitute a cardiovascular factor of the HRV predictive ability. HR also influences the reproducibility of HRV, therefore, HR changes should be considered when one compares HRV measurements in a given patient. This review summarizes methodological aspects of investigations of the HRV and HR interaction as well as latest observations concerning its clinical utility. The issues discussed in this article should also refer to any other heart rate dynamics analysis which indices are significantly associated with HR.     

Heart Rate in Coronary Syndromes and Heart Failure

In the past 2 decades, there have been growing evidences that resting heart rate might be a marker of risk or even a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This article reviews current evidences concerning the relation between heart rate and patients' outcome in different clinical settings such as acute coronary syndromes, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and heart failure. The relationship between resting heart rate and the development of coronary artery disease, as well as all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, has been found to be strong, graded, and independent from other risk factors. Several lines of research indicate that heart rate plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and in the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease and that it is an independent prognostic factor in all coronary syndromes. The prognostic value of elevated heart rate in patients with heart failure has been tested in several clinical trials evaluating pharmacologic heart rate–lowering agents (eg, β-blockers). It is difficult to determine which percentage of the clinical benefit obtained with β-blockers is related to induced bradycardia because cardiac slowing is only one of the effects of these drugs. In the BEAUTIFUL trial, a subgroup analysis conducted in patients with resting HR more than 70 beats per minute showed that treatment with ivabradine was able to improve outcome. According to the results presented in this review, we can conclude that heart rate is a predictor of death in both stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndromes. Elevated heart rate is also able to negatively predict clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, it is still unclear if heart rate reduction per se can improve prognosis.     

心力衰竭患儿心率变异与心功能关系的探讨（附30例报告）

对３０例心力衰竭（下称心衰）患儿和３０例健康儿童的心率变异（ＨＲＶ）进行了检测。结果显示：心衰患儿心率变异性小,体位变化对心率变异性影响小,心衰表现重者的ＨＲＶ小于心衰轻者,射血分数（ＥＦ）和ＨＲＶ系数呈直线正相关（Ｐ〈０．００１）,与高频成分呈直线正相关（Ｐ〈０．００１）,ＥＦ与低频成分呈直线正相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）,认为ＨＲＶ可反映心衰时自主神经功能情况,并与心功能密切相关。     

益气强心法对慢性心力衰竭患者心率变异性及心功能的影响

目的观察益气强心煎剂对慢性心力衰竭患者心率变异性及心功能的影响，并探讨其作用机制。方法110例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为两组，对照组给予西医常规治疗，治疗组在西医常规治疗的同时口服益气强心煎剂。周期为8周。观察两组治疗前后正常R—R间期标准差（SDNN）、平均正常R—R间期标准差（SDANN）、相邻正常R—R间期差值的均方根（rMSSD）、高频（HF）、低频（LF）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVED）和心排血量（Co）。结果治疗组各项时域指标较治疗前均明显升高（P〈0．05），频域指标LF、LF／HF较治疗前降低，HF升高（P〈0．01）。对照组各项时域指标较治疗前均升高，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），频域指标LF、LF／HF较治疗前降低，HF升高（P〉0．05）。结论益气强心煎剂可明显改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能。     

Heart Rate Turbulence for Prediction of Heart Transplantation and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results about the value of heart rate turbulence (HRT) for risk stratification of patients (pts) with chronic heart failure (CHF). We prospectively evaluated the relation between HRT and progression toward end‐stage heart failure or all‐cause mortality in patients with CHF. Methods: HRT was assessed from 24‐hour Holter recordings in 110 pts with CHF (54 in NYHA class II, 56 in class III–IV; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30%± 10%) on optimal pharmacotherapy and quantified as turbulence onset (TO,%), turbulence slope (TS, ms/RR interval), and turbulence timing (beginning of RR sequence for calculation of TS, TT). TO ≥ 0%, TS ≤ 2.5 ms/RR, and TT >10 were considered abnormal. End point was development of end‐stage CHF requiring heart transplantation (OHT) or all‐cause mortality. Results: During a follow‐up of 5.8 ± 1.3 years, 24 pts died and 10 required OHT. TO, TS, TT, and both (TO and TS) were abnormal in 35%, 50%, 30%, and 25% of all patients, respectively. Patients with at least one relatively preserved HRT parameter (TO, TS, or TT) (n = 98) had 5‐year event‐free rate of 83% compared to 33% of those in whom all three parameters were abnormal (n = 12). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the most powerful predictor of end point events was heart rate variability (SDNN < 70 ms, hazard ratio (HR) 9.41, P < 0.001), followed by LVEF ≤ 35% (HR 6.23), TT ≥ 10 (HR 3.14), and TO ≥ 0 (HR 2.54, P < 0.05). Conclusion : In patients with CHF on optimal pharmacotherapy, HRT can help to predict those at risk for progression toward OHT or death of all causes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(3):230–237