He-Ne激光照射对豚鼠表皮Langerhans细胞的影响

目的 观察不同剂量Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射对Ｌａｎｇｅｒｈａｎｓ细胞产生的影响。方法 ５６只Ｄｕｎｋｉｎ－Ｈａｒｔｌｅｙ雄性白色豚鼠分７组,每组８只。６组为激光照射组,分别给予１．１６、２．３２、４．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射（各２组）,每日１次;另１组为对照组。连续照射７天后,第１、３天麻醉下活体取豚鼠照射区皮肤,采用ＡＴＰ酶染色法测定ＡＴＰ酶阳性细胞（Ｌａｎｇｅｒｈａｎｓ细胞）密度。结果 ２．３２Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射后第１、３天组和４．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射后第１天组的豚鼠,其表皮ＡＴＰ酶阳性细胞密度均高于对照组,差异均有非常显著意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 一定剂量的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射可增加豚鼠表皮Ｌａｎｇｅｒｈａｎｓ细胞的数量,其数量的增加可能影响Ｌａｎｇｅｒｈａｎｓ细胞的抗     

低功率He－Ne激光治疗良性声带疾病的价值

为探讨低功率Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光对良性声带疾病的治疗作用，用低功率（８ｍＷ）Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光喉外部照射治疗良性声带病共７０３例。总有效率达６１．８８％。其中声带小结初起有效率７９．７４％，声带息肉样变性有效率８２．０９％，表明低功率Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光可作为治疗良性声带病的有效手段。激光照射前后患者末梢血红蛋白、血小板、白细胞、ＴＴ３、ＴＴ４和丙二醛均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而血清ＳＯＤ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

不同剂量He-Ne激光照射对骨折愈合影响的实验研究

为了研究不同剂量的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射对骨折愈合的作用，确定促进与抑制剂量范围及估计最佳剂量值，研究三个不同剂量的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射对骨折愈合的作用。将３２只新西兰家兔的左桡骨造成实验性骨折，分为４组，分别以能量密度为３６．０Ｊ／ｃｍ２（Ａ组）、１６．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２（Ｂ组）、４．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２（Ｃ组）和０．０Ｊ／ｃｍ２（对照组）的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射骨折部位，每日１次，共１０次。拍摄骨折后３０天的Ｘ线片，测定骨折后３５天愈合骨的生物力学抗扭强度及单位质量骨痂钙含量。结果：Ｂ组和Ｃ组各指标均显著优于对照组，且Ｂ组显著优于Ｃ组；对照组显著优于Ａ组。表明：１６．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２和４．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射促进骨折愈合，而１６．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２效果更佳；３６．０Ｊ／ｃｍ２的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射抑制骨折愈合。     

豚鼠面神经损伤及修复过程中面神经纤维EGF含量的变化

应用放射免疫技术，观察豚鼠面神经损伤后１～１０ｄ，６０ｄ，其远，近端神经纤维内ＥＧＦ含量的变化，结果表明：面神经损伤后，ＥＧＦ含量从损伤后第１ｄ开始增高，第５ｄ天达以高峰，然后徐缓下降，第１０ｄ仍较高，第６０ｄ基本恢复正常，面神经损伤后其远端在第１～１０ｄ，其近端在第３～７ｄ，与正常面神经颊支ＥＧＦ含量比较差异有显著意义（Ｐ〈０．０５），第６０ｄ与正常面神经颊支比较差异无显著意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

肾移植后血中内皮素和一氧化氮检测的临床意义

探讨肾脏移植后测定内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的临床意义。对４７例肾脏移植病人进行外周血中ＥＴ－１和ＮＯ动态检测,将检测结果以移植肾善和血压值分别分组进行比较。移植后与尿毒症组相比较,ＥＴ－１值明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＮＯ值明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,急性排斥发生时ＮＯ值升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,慢性排斥时ＥＴ－１值较肾功能稳定时明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。高血压组的ＥＴ－１值较高而ＮＯ水平     

低强度激光照射对小鼠脑组织单胺类递质含量的影响

目的研究低强度激光照射对小鼠脑组织中单胺类神经递质含量的影响。方法将小鼠随机分为５组,每组１５只。其中３组麻醉下暴露颅骨后分别接受１３．８、２７．５、５５．０Ｊ／ｃｍ２的ＨｅＮｅ激光局部照射,分别称激光Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ组;另２组分别为正常对照组和假照射组（只麻醉后暴露颅骨,不照射激光）。照射后断颈处死小鼠,取全脑。采用高效液相色谱电化学方法检测脑组织中多巴胺（ＤＡ）、５羟色胺（５ＨＴ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、高香草酸（ＨＶＡ）和５羟吲哚乙酸（５ＨＩＡＡ）含量。结果激光Ａ组脑组织ＤＡ、５ＨＴ含量高于正常对照组,ＤＡ高于假照射组;激光Ｂ组ＤＡ、５ＨＴ、ＮＥ含量高于正常对照组,ＤＡ和５ＨＴ含量高于假照射组;激光Ｃ组ＤＡ、５ＨＴ、ＮＥ均高于正常对照组和假照射组。以上差异均有显著意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。假照射组与正常对照组比较,各项指标间差异均无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论低强度ＨｅＮｅ激光照射可使小鼠脑组织ＤＡ、５ＨＴ、ＮＥ含量增加。为激光治疗帕金森病提供了初步的实验依据     

纳洛酮治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床观察

目的：观察纳洛酮对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）的临床疗效。方法：将３２例ＨＩＥ患儿随机分为纳洛酮治疗组（１７例）和对照组（１５例）,并行ＣＴ,ＥＥＧ和临床分度,分别给予纳洛酮０．１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１,ｄ＾－１治疗１周和一般常规治疗。结果：两组平均临床症状消失时间有非常显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＥＥＧ好转率也有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：纳洛酮对ＨＩＥ的疗铲明显高于一般常规治疗,中、重度ＨＩＥ的     

He-Ne激光穴位照射对带状疱疹患者T细胞亚群的影响

目的研究ＨｅＮｅ激光穴位照射对带状疱疹患者Ｔ细胞亚群的影响。方法将６０例发疹１～４天的带状疱疹患者分为两组。一组为激光照射组,在给予带状疱疹常规药物治疗的同时,以２５ｍＷＨｅＮｅ激光光针照射双侧拇指“大骨孔”穴,每穴照射５ｍｉｎ,每天照射１次,最长不超过７天;另一组为对照组,仅给予相同药物治疗。两组患者性别、年龄、发疹时间和病情基本相同,均分别在发疹早期和发疹后第１５或１６天检测外周血Ｔ细胞亚群。结果发疹早期两组病例的ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值均低于正常（Ｐ＜００１）,ＣＤ＋８则高于正常（Ｐ＜００１）,而在发疹后１５或１６天激光照射组Ｔ细胞亚群基本恢复正常,但对照组Ｔ细胞亚群仍显著异常。结论ＨｅＮｅ激光穴位照射对纠正带状疱疹患者Ｔ细胞亚群异常和缩短病程有显著疗效     

Nd∶YAG激光照射耳石器 对豚鼠前庭和听觉功能的影响

目的探讨Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光照射对内耳前庭功能和听觉功能的影响。方法２２只豚鼠左耳打开听泡,移开镫骨,以Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光照射耳石器处,尽量靠近而不接触前庭,功率２Ｗ,照射时间１ｓ,共照射３次。右耳作同样手术但不行激光照射作为自身对照。照射前及照射后２个月分别检测双耳前庭和听觉功能。结果豚鼠耳石器激光照射后２个月与照射前比较,眼震电图（ＥＮＧ）诱发眼震时间由４４．２ｓ±５．９ｓ缩短为６．９ｓ±４．１ｓ,差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）,听神经动作电位（ＡＰ）阈值无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）;自身对照组镫骨移开手术前后ＥＮＧ眼震时间和ＡＰ阈值无明显差异。结论Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光照射耳石器可选择性地破坏前庭功能而对听觉功能无明显影响,有望在临床作为部分迷路切除术的一种手术工具,用于眩晕疾病的治疗。     

21天头低位卧床期间脑血流的变化及其与立位耐力的关系

目的建立３周头低位倾斜（ＨＤＴ）－６°人体实验模型，观察卧床模拟失重期间脑血流变化及其与立位耐力的关系。方法６名健康男性志愿者进行了２１天ＨＤＴ－６°卧床试验。受试者年龄２３．８±６．１岁。ＨＤＴ前、ＨＤＴ第１０天及卧床结束时进行了３次立位耐力检查。ＨＤＴ前、ＨＤＴ第３天、第１０天、第２１天用ＫＹＥＮＧ－Ⅰ导纳式双侧脑血流自动检测仪测量脑血流量。结果卧床第１０天和卧床结束时，受试者立位耐力平均立位时间比卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。卧床期间，左右侧大脑血流主峰高度和Ⅰ相面积较卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；卧床第３天和第２１天的左侧大脑阻力指数较卧床前显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），卧床第１０天、第２１天的左侧大脑血液流入时间较卧床前显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５），卧床期间左侧大脑血液流入速度比卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；卧床期间受试者左侧大脑Ⅰ相面积、左侧主峰高度、左侧大脑血液流入速度均和立位耐力时间呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论２１天头低位卧床使立位耐力显著降低；ＨＤＴ卧床期间，脑血管阻力增加，脑血流量减少，可能是导致立位耐力降低的原因之一。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

Interventions in the chest in children

The scope for image-guided intervention in the chest is very wide and encompasses procedures in the heart, pulmonary and systemic vasculature, lungs and pleural cavities, airway, and esophagus. This review describes the most important procedures that are usually performed by radiologists. Percutaneous drainage is now the most common method of treating both empyemas and lung abscesses in children. Although most lung biopsies are carried out by other means, percutaneous biopsy and localization are important alternatives for the diagnosis of focal lung lesions. Esophageal strictures are common in children and are usually best treated by balloon dilatation. The use of retrievable or biodegradable stents has recently been introduced for refractory esophageal strictures. Similarly, balloon dilatation and stenting are now increasingly used in children with stenosis or extrinsic compression of the trachea or bronchi.     

Serum zinc in athletes in training

Serum zinc was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 160 training athletes (57 females) in the morning at rest. In 23.3% of the male and 43% of the female athletes, serum Zn was lower than the limit accepted for the normal range (75 microgram/dl or 11.5 mumol/l). The average serum Zn (96.7 +/- 12.6 microgram/dl) and the range of the values found in a control group of 15 young adult males did not differ from the accepted values in the literature. In 22 randomly selected male athletes, serum Zn fractions were determined using polyethylene glycol precipitation at pH 7.1; 22.2% of total Zn was bóund to alpha2-macroglobulin, the ratio being very close to 1 atom of metal per molecule of globulin. The possible reasons that may influence the serum Zn level in athletes are discussed with regard to the present knowledge in both exercise physiology and metabolism of zinc in man.